研究背景：學齡期兒童處於發展動作協調能力的最佳時期，給予兒童合理的運動經驗和刺激，尤其是大腦認知功能與身體協調能力的培養，對兒童日後動作學習及日常生活功能有其相當的重要性。而體操運動特別注重視覺空間與身體控制能力，對於協調能力方面亦是相當注重。因此，本研究探討體操運動對於兒童在視覺空間工作記憶作業是否有較佳的表現。目的：探討體操訓練對兒童視覺空間工作記憶表現的影響。方法：招募體操組24名及控制組20名，共44名7至10歲研究參與者。所有研究參與者均接受校內一般體育課程活動，僅體操組額外進行8週中低運動強度 (每週2次，每次90分鐘) 的體操運動訓練。運動介入前、後皆施測兒童動作評估量表二版、基本運動能力評估、視覺空間工作記憶作業並同步收錄腦波資料。結果：從事長期體操運動的兒童，能顯著提高M-ABC-2 (拋接精準、身體平衡、整體表現)、基本運動能力 (4公尺折返跑、坐姿體前彎、立定跳遠、20公尺衝刺、曲臂懸掛) 與VSWM作業的反應正確率；在事件關聯電位部分，體操組相較於前測，後測在VSWM作業顯著有較大的P3振幅。值得一提的是，相較於體操組，控制組在VSWM作業後測顯著有較小的pSW振幅表現。討論：本研究結果顯示為期8週的體操訓練能夠提升孩童的動作能力及視覺空間相關的認知功能，說明體操可作為學齡兒童身體活動的選擇之一。

Background: The school-aged period is the critical moment to promote children’s motor coordination and cognitive function. An adequate amount of daily exercise may stimulate brain plasticity, and improve motor learning capacities and everyday life functioning in short and long term. Gymnastics exercise emphases on visual spatial function and body control, and capacity of coordination. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of gymnastics on body movement ability and visuo-spatial working memory in children. Methods: Forty-four children were recruited and randomly assigned into either the experimental group or control group. Children in the experimental group underwent gymnastics training for eight weeks (two session a week, ninety minutes per session) and the control group didn’t engage in specific exercise training, Measures were taken before and after interventions, which included motor and physical fitness assessments, cognitive testing and concurrent EEG data collection. Results: gymnastic training group showed significantly enhanced motor and physical fitness, and higher accuracy rates and enhanced P3 amplitudes during visuo-spatial working memory test in the encoding and retrieval-process phases, compared with their pre-training performances. In addition, there was a trend that the control group revealed smaller pSW amplitude compared with the gymnastic training group group. Conclusion: the current study demonstrated that gymnastics may improve motor ability and cognitive aspect associated with visuo-spatial ability in school-aged children, which suggest that gymnastics could serve as an alternative of physical exercise in such group.

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