二十世紀是英國寫實主義藝術的重要時刻，故本文將從二十世紀後英國繪畫的脈絡開始，探討Lucian Freud在二十世紀的英國歷史文化環境下，所呈現的藝術風格與思想，與其所參與其中的倫敦畫派，如何在英國經歷第二次世界大戰的洗禮後，為英國繪畫藝術提供的現代藝術視角。並嘗試梳理Freud肖畫像中的意涵，試圖釐清畫家創作時，周身的人物與環境如何影響其作品所傳遞的寫實面與情感面，及其自畫像中的自我形象塑造歷程。
在Freud的繪畫生涯中，見證了抽象藝術的崛起，以及媒體等各種藝術活動的急起直追，面對時代下的快速更迭，他並未選擇漠然以對，轉而從日常生活中可見的與平凡的內容與形式中，尋找隱藏於其中的可能性，以自身的視角重新審視與解讀再現藝術的本質，而這樣的脈絡將會是本文所探討的主軸。

The twentieth century is an important moment for British realism art. Therefore, this thesis will start from the context of British painting, after the twentieth century to explore the artistic style and thought presented by Lucian Freud in London. The cultural environment of the twentieth century, and how to provide a modern artistic perspective for British painting, after the baptism of the World War II in Britain. At the same time, try to sort out the meaning of Freud portrait paintings, and clarify how the painter's characters and environment affect emotion conveyed by his works. as well as the self-image building process in his self-portrait.

In Freud painting career, he witnessed the rise of abstract art, and the rapid catch-up of various artistic activities such as the media. In the face of the rapid change of times, he did not choose to be indifferent, instead, he looked for the possibility hidden in the content and forms visible and ordinary in daily life. He’s painting is re-examined and interpreted the essence of reproduction art from his own perspective. So, this context will be the part of this thesis.

中文專書
李建群，《二十世紀英國美術》，湖南美術出版社，2001。
常寧生，《反叛與超越》，東方出版社，2000。
伊哈布·哈桑（Ihab Hassan），劉象愚譯，《後現代的轉向》（The Postmodern Turn : Essays in Postmodern Theory and Culture），時報文化，1993。
約翰．伯格（John, Berger），吳莉君譯，《觀看的方式》（Ways of Seeing），臺北，麥田出版社，2013。
吳礽喻，《弗洛伊德：英國現代寫實繪畫大師》，台北市：藝術家，2011。
王秀雄，《藝術批評的視野》，台北市：藝術家，2006 。
恩斯特·貢布里希（Ernst Gombrich），林夕、李本正、範景中譯，《藝術與錯覺，圖像再現的心理學研究》（Art and Illusion, A Study in the Psychology of Pictorial Representation），2011。
G.C.Argan、M.Fagiolo，劉天增譯，《藝術史學的基礎》，台北，東大圖書，1992。

中文期刊
齊俊生，〈論弗洛依德的繪畫藝術〉，《美術觀察》2006，頁121-126。
楊忠斌，〈Lucian Freud作品中的身體美學及其在生命教育上的意涵〉，《當代教育研究季刊》21(3)，2016，頁1-39，
王德育，〈西洋繪畫縱橫談: 從達文西到弗洛伊德的美感解析〉，《臺灣商務》2005。

英文專書
Arnold Hauser. The Sociology of Art, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul Press, 1982.
Bruce Bernard. Lucian Freud, Jonathan Cape London, 1996.
Clement Freud. Freud Ego, BBC Global Ltd, 2001.
Christos M.Joachimides. A New Spirit in Painting, Royal Academy of Arts, 1981.
David Dawson. Lucian Freud: The Self-Portraits, Royal Academy of Arts, 2019.
David Dawson, Director of the Lucian Freud Archive, Edited by Mark Holborn, Lucian Freud, Phaidon Press Limited, 2018.
David Sylvester. Freud and Pasmore, The Listener, 1952. Gallery, Arts Council of Great Britain, 1974.
EH Gombrich, Art and Illusion, A Study in the Psychology of Pictorial Representation, Princeton University Press, 1960.
Geordie Greig. Breakfast with Lucian: A Portrait of the Artist, Jonathan Cape, 2015.
John Richardson, Paint becomes Flesh, New Yorker Magazine, 1993.
John Russell. Lucian Freud, Catalogue introduction to exhibition at the Hayward, Arts Council of Great Britain, 1974.
Linda Nochlin. Realism, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1971.
Lawrence Gowing. Lucian Freud, Thames and Hudson, 1982.
Lucian Freud. Carnegie International, Museum of Art Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh, 1985.
Lucian Freud. The Artist's Eye, The National Gallery, London, 1987.
Lawrence Gowing. Francis Bacon The Human Presence, Washington, 1990.
Laurie Lee. The Well-Loved Stranger, Valerie Grove, Viking, 1999.
Michael Ayrton. Art, review of Lefevre exhibition, Spectator, 1944.
Martin Gayford. Man with a Blue Scarf: On Sitting for a Portrait by Lucian Freud Paperback, London: Thames and Hudson, 2013.
Martin Gayford. British Figurative Art, Momentum, 2002.
Margaret Garlake. New Haven and London, Yale University Press for the Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art, 1998.
Nicholas Penny. Lucian Freud, Plants, Animals and Litter, Burlington Magazine, 1988.
Nancy Schoenberger. Dangerous Muse: The Life of Lady Caroline Blackwood, Weidenfeld & Nicholson, 2001.
Robert Hughes. Lucian Freud Paintings, Thames & Hudson, 1989.
Sebastian Smee. The Art of Rivalry: Four Friendships, Betrayals, and Breakthroughs in Modern Art, Random House Trade Paperbacks, 2017.
Stallabrass, Art Incorporated: The Story of Contemporary Art, Oxford University Press, 2005.
Tony Godfrey. Conceptual Art, Phaidon, 1998.
William Feaver. interview with Lucian Freud , Tate Publishing, 2002.
William Feaver. Lucian Freud, Rizzoli International Publications, 2007.
William Feaver, The Lives of Lucian Freud: YOUTH 1922 - 1968: YOUTH 1922 – 1968, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2019.
Volker M. Welter. Ernst L. Freud, Architect, Berg Hahn Books, 2011.

英文期刊
Adams, A. Martin Gayford, Mark Holborn, ed: Lucian Freud, British Art Journal 19(3): (2018): pp.123-125.
Clement Greenberg. The European view of American Art, The Nation, (1949): vol.168, no.24, p.669.
David Sylvester. The Venice Biennale, The Nation, (1950): vol.171, no.2, p.332.
David Sylvester. Mr. Sylvester Replies, The Nation, (1950): vol.171, no.22, pp.490-491.
David Sylvester. Young English Painting, The Nation, (1956): vol.55, no.1402, p.64.
David Sylvester. Comment on a Photographic Portrait, Encounter, (1954): vol.2, no.3, p25.
Ellen Spitz. Lucian Freud: Psychoanalysis in Paint?, American Imago, (2010): Vol.67, No. 3, pp.441-450.
Harris. Lucian Freud's reflection (self-portrait), JAMA psychiatry, 70(5), (2013): pp.455-456.
John Berger. Art Show, New Statesman, (1958): no.1443, p.634.
John Berger. The Biennale, New Statesman, (1956), vol.52, no.1325, p132.
Lucian Freud. Some Thoughts on Painting, Encounter, (1954): vol.3, no.1.
Lawrence Alloway. Notes on Francis Bacon', Art News and Review, (1955): vol.6, no.27.
Loewenberg. Lucian and Sigmund Freud, American Imago, 61(1), (2004): pp.89-99.
Michael Auping. Lucian Freud, Yale University Press,2012, p213.
Mark Holborn. Lucian Freud Archive, London: Phaidon Press Inc, 2018.
P·J·Barlow. Letter to the Editor. Listener, (1954): vol.51, no.1305, p390.
Ruel, Lucian Freud and the naked self, The Cambridge Journal of Anthropology 29(2), (2009): pp.10-20.
Spitz. Lucian Freud: Psychoanalysis in Paint?, American Imago 67(3) , (2010) : pp.441-450.
Sarah Howgate. Lucian Freud conversation with Michael Auping, Lucian Freud Portrait, National Portrait Gallery, (2012): p.218.

紀錄影片
Randall Wright. Lucian Freud: Painted Life. BBC / Blakeway Production, 16 Feb, 2012.