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研究生： 吳怡萱
Edea Yi-Hsuan Wu
論文名稱： 中文「都」與「連…都」句式之第一語言習得比較
A Comparative Study of the ‘Dou’ and ‘Lian…dou’ Constructions in L1 Chinese
指導教授： 陳純音
Chen, Chun-Yin
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 英語學系
Department of English
論文出版年： 2015
畢業學年度： 103
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 101
中文關鍵詞： 華語 、第一語言習得 、數量詞 、焦點句
英文關鍵詞： Mandarin Chinese, first language acquisition, quantifier, focus construction
DOI URL： https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202205608
論文種類： 學術論文
相關次數： 點閱：152  下載：11 
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    • 本研究旨在探討以華語為母語之兒童對數量詞「都」與「連…都」句式之理解，主要探討的議題包括複數限制、區域限制、分配性、前提以及年齡等因素。本研究包含兩個理解能力測驗：是非判斷測驗與詮釋測驗。研究對象包含實驗組的六十八位兒童，依平均年齡四歲至七歲分成四組，每組十七人，以及成人組的十七位以華語為母語的大學生。
    研究結果顯示，數量詞「都」的句式比「連…都」句式容易習得。其中，複數限制證實存在於「都」字句，而區域限制則是同時存在「都」與「連…都」句式中。此外，研究亦發現年齡是習得的關鍵因素，四歲到六歲兒童雖能理解「都」與「連…都」句式中的句法限制，但其表現仍未達到成人語感的階段，七歲兒童已能如同成人般理解複數限制、區域限制、數量詞「都」的分配性與「連…都」的前提；總言之，兒童對於「都」與「連…都」句構之習得能力隨著年齡增長而提升。

    The present study focuses on the dou and lian…dou constructions in Chinese. It aims to investigate Chinese-speaking children’s understanding of the two constructions by examining five factors: the plurality constraint, the locality constraint, distributivity, presuppositions, and age. Two comprehension tasks (i.e., grammaticality judgment and interpretation) were conducted and both of them were presented in a designed story scenario. The subjects were sixty-eighty children from the kindergarten and elementary school in Taiwan, and they were further divided into four groups according to their ages (i.e., 4 year-olds to 7-year-olds). Also, seventeen college students whose mother tongue were Chinese were recruited as the Adult Group.
    The results showed that the dou construction was easier to acquire than the lian…dou construction. The plurality constraint was confirmed to govern the dou construction, and the locality constraint was observed in both the dou and the lian…dou constructions. Besides, the results indicated that the subjects’ comprehension of distributive readings in the dou construction and their interpretation of presuppositions in the lian…dou construction increased with age. The age factor was found to be crucial. Our children at the age of 4 to 6 were able to comprehend the plurality and locality constraints although their performances were still not adult-like. The 7 year-old subjects were found to perform adult-like in that they could comprehend the two constraints, and distributivity of the dou construction and also presuppositions of the lian…dou construction.

    CHINESE ABSTRACT i ENGLISH ABSTRACT ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iii TABLE OF CONTENTS iv LIST OF TABLES vii LIST OF FIGURES ix Chapter One Introduction 1 1.1 Motivation 1 1.2 Background 4 1.3 Research Questions 8 1.4 Significance of the Study 8 1.5 Origination of the Thesis 9 Chapter Two Literature Review 11 2.1 Previous Theoretical Studies of the Dou construction 11 2.1.1 Li and Thompson (1981) 11 2.1.2 Cheng (1995) 14 2.1.3 Summary 16 2.2 Previous Theoretical Studies of the lian…dou construction 17 2.2.1 Shyu (1995) 17 2.2.2 Chen (2004) 21 2.2.3 Summary 23 2.3 Comparison of the Previous Theoretical Studies on Dou and Lian…dou 25 2.4 Previous Empirical Studies of the Dou construction 26 2.4.1 Lee (1986) 26 2.4.2 Hsieh (2008) 28 2.4.3 Zhou and Crain (2011) 30 2.4.4 Summary 33 2.5 Summary of Chapter Two 34 Chapter Three Study The First Study 37 3.1 Methodology 37 3.1.1 Subjects 37 3.1.2 Methods and Materials 38 3.1.2.1 An Analytical Framework 39 3.1.2.2 Two Tasks 42 3.1.3 Procedure 45 3.1.3.1 Formal Study 45 3.1.3.2 Scoring and Data Analysis 47 3.2 Results and Discussion 47 3.2.1 Acquisition of SYN Type 1 and SYN Type 2 47 3.2.2 Acquisition of SYN Type 3 and SYN Type 4 52 3.2.3 Acquisition of SEM Type 1 and SEM Type 2 55 3.2.4 The Development Pattern of the Subjects’ Interpretation of the Dou 　Construction…. 60 3.3 Summary of Chapter Three 61 Chapter Four The Second Study 63 4.1 Methodology 63 4.1.1 Subjects 63 4.1.2 Methods and Materials 63 4.1.2.1 An Analytical Framework 63 4.1.2.2 Two Tasks 65 4.1.3 Procedure 68 4.1.3.1 Formal Study 68 4.1.3.2 Scoring and Data Analysis 69 4.2 Results and Discussion 70 4.2.1 Acquisition of SYN Type 1 and SYN Type 2 70 4.2.2 Acquisition of SYN Type 3 and SYN Type 4 72 4.2.3 Acquisition of SEM Type 1 and SEM Type 2 74 4.2.4 The Development Pattern of the Subjects’ Interpretation of the Lian…dou 　Construction 79 4.3 Summary of Chapter Four 80 Chapter Five Conclusion 81 5.1 Summary of the Major Findings 81 5.2 Comparison of the Dou and Lian…dou Constructions 82 5.3 Limitations of the Present Study and Suggestions for Future Research 84 Bibliography 85 Appendix A: Test Items Used in the GJ Task of Study I 89 Appendix B: Test Items Used in the Interpretation Task of Study I 92 Appendix C: Consent Form 95 Appendix D: Test Items Used in the GJ Task of Study II 96 Appendix E: Test Items Used in the Interpretation Task of Study II 99

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