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研究生: 黃嘉聖
Jia-Sheng Huang
論文名稱: 二氧化鈦奈米管應用於染料敏化太陽能電池之研究
Application of TiO2 Nanotube on Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
指導教授: 郭金國
Kuo, Chin-Guo
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 機電工程學系
Department of Mechatronic Engineering
論文出版年: 2010
畢業學年度: 98
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 63
中文關鍵詞: 二氧化鈦奈米管染料敏化太陽能電池電化學法
英文關鍵詞: TiO2 nanotube, Dye-sensitized solar cells, Electrochemical
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:170下載:5
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  • 本研究以純度鈦箔片(99.7%)為陽極,白金(Pt)為陰極,於乙二醇(Ethylene Glycol, EG)、氟化銨(Ammonium Fluoride, NH4F)及去離子水(Deionized water, DI)為電解液,以定電壓之陽極處理方式,製備出二氧化鈦奈米管,期助於染料敏化太陽電池的效率提昇。
    使用染料為N719,入射光強度為100 mW/cm2情況下,當管長為30 μm時,測量出最高的光電轉換效率,其短路電流Jsc為11.30 mA/cm2、開路電壓Voc為0.71 V、填充因子FF為0.48、轉換效率η為3.92%。

    In the study, TiO2 nanotube was manufactured by anodization with electrolyte of mixed solution of ethylene glycol (EG), ammonium fluoride (NH4F) and DI water, high purity titanium (99.7%) as anode and platinum as cathode, dye-sensitized solar cells contribute to efficiency.
    By sensitizing the anode with N719 dye and exposing under a light which light intensity is 100 mW/cm2, the length for 30 μm which measured by the highest photoelectric conversion efficiency, the Jsc = 11.30 mA/cm2, Voc = 0.71 V, FF = 0.48, η = 3.92%.

    目錄 中文摘要……….………………………………………………………………I 英文摘要………………………………………………………………………II 目錄…………………………………………………………………………III 圖目錄……………………………………………………………………..….V 表目錄…………………………………………………………………..….VIII 第一章 緒論……………………………………………………..……………1 1-1 前言……………………..………………………………………………1 1-2 太陽能電池簡介…………………………………….………………….2 1-3 研究動機及目的…………..……………………………………………4 第二章 理論探討與文獻回顧………………………………..……..………5 2-1 染料敏化太陽能電池之工作原理………………………..……………5 2-2 染料敏化太陽能電池之結構組成………………….………………….9 2-2-1 工作電極………………………………….…………..………9 2-2-2 光敏染料………………………………...…………………12 2-2-3 電解液…………………………………………….………..14 2-2-4 對極電極…………………………………………………...17 2-3 染料敏化太陽能電池之效能轉換…………..………………………19 第三章 實驗設計與規劃………………………………………..…….……21 3-1 實驗流程圖……………………………………………………………21 3-2 實驗材料………………………………...…………………………22 3-3 實驗製作步驟…………………………………………………………23 3-3-1 前處理…………………………………………………..…23 3-3-2 電化學處理……………………………………………..…24 3-3-3 熱處理及染料浸泡………………………………………..26 3-3-4 封裝製程………………………………………….……….27 第四章 實驗結果與討論………………….……………..…………………29 4-1 二氧化鈦奈米管微結構組織分析……………………………………29 4-2 二氧化鈦奈米管XRD及EDS檢測分析…………….……………….40 4-3 二氧化鈦奈米管UV-vis檢測分析……………………………………41 4-4 電解液厚度UV-vis檢測分析…………………………………………48 4-5 對極電極鍍膜厚度UV-vis檢測分析…………………………………49 4-6 二氧化鈦奈米管於染料敏化太陽能之效率影響……………………51 第五章 結論……………………………………………..………..…………58 參考文獻…………………………………………….….……………………59 圖目錄 圖1-1 各類太陽能電池之光電轉換效率………………..…………..….3 圖1-2 三種太陽能電池對溫度差異之效率影響圖………………………3 圖1-3 三種太陽能電池放置屋內外及日光燈之效率影響圖……………4 圖2-1 染料敏化太陽能電池之結構組成…………………………………6 圖2-2 電池元件內部反應機制……………………………………………6 圖2-3 影響元件效率之損失機制……………………………………..….8 圖2-4 元件反應電子傳遞速度示意圖………………………………..….8 圖2-5 奈米顆粒與奈米管之電子傳遞示意圖……..….….…………….11 圖2-6 不同長度3~33 μm之光伏特表現。(a)開路電壓(Voc);(b)短路電流(ISC);(c)填充因子(FF);(d)光電轉換效率(η)與管長的關係圖…………………………………...………………………………12 圖2-7 N3、N719及Black dye的染料結構式…………………………….13 圖2-8 N719及Black dye的UV-vis吸收光譜……………………………14 圖 2-9 MgO塗上TiO2於固態太陽能電池之光電流-電壓特性曲線與光電轉換效率圖………………………………………….……………..15 圖2-10 各種鍍鉑厚度製備元件之光電流-電壓特性曲線圖…………….18 圖3-1 實驗流程圖………………….….…………………………………21 圖3-2 原材之形貌……………………....…………………….…………23 圖3-3 熱處理條件曲線圖……………....……………………………….23 圖3-4 前處理完成之試片…………….……………………...…………23 圖3-5 電化學處理之示意圖…………………………………….……….25 圖3-6 電化學處理之完成試片……………………………………..……25 圖3-7 TiO2 nanotube表面及剖面之微觀影像……...….…………25 圖3-8 熱處理條件曲線圖……………………………………..…………26 圖3-9 熱處理完成之試片………………………………………….…….26 圖3-10 TiO2 nanotube有效面積為25 mm2……….……………….…26 圖3-11 元件組裝示意圖……………………………………………..……28 圖3-12 元件封裝分解圖…………….…...……………………………28 圖4-1 以氟化銨為電解液所成TiO2 nanotube巨觀及微觀影像………29 圖4-2 以酸性氟化銨為電解液所成TiO2 nanotube巨觀及微觀影像….29 圖4-3 以0.25 wt.% NH4F + 1 vol.% H2O為電解液,改變成長時間,(a)(c)(e)為表面及(b)(d)(f)為剖面之微觀影像..…………...……30 圖4-4 以0.5 wt.% NH4F + 1 vol.% H2O為電解液,改變成長時間,(a)(c)(e)為表面及(b)(d)(f)為剖面之微觀影像..…………...……31 圖4-5 以0.75 wt.% NH4F + 1 vol.% H2O為電解液,改變成長時間,(a)(c)(e)為表面及(b)(d)(f)為剖面之微觀影像..…………...……32 圖4-6 以0.25 wt.% NH4F + 2 vol.% H2O為電解液,改變成長時間,(a)(c)(e)為表面及(b)(d)(f)為剖面之微觀影像..…………...……33 圖4-7 以0.5 wt.% NH4F + 2 vol.% H2O為電解液,改變成長時間,(a)(c)(e)為表面及(b)(d)(f)為剖面之微觀影像..…………...……34 圖4-8 以0.75 wt.% NH4F + 2 vol.% H2O為電解液,改變成長時間,(a)(c)(e)為表面及(b)(d)(f)為剖面之微觀影像..…………...……35 圖4-9 以0.25 wt.% NH4F + 3 vol.% H2O為電解液,改變成長時間,(a)(c)(e)為表面及(b)(d)(f)為剖面之微觀影像..…………...……36 圖4-10 以0.5 wt.% NH4F + 3 vol.% H2O為電解液,改變成長時間,(a)(c)(e)為表面及(b)(d)(f)為剖面之微觀影像..…………...……37 圖4-11 以0.75 wt.% NH4F + 3 vol.% H2O為電解液,改變成長時間,(a)(c)(e)為表面及(b)(d)(f)為剖面之微觀影像..…………...……38 圖4-12 熱處理前後之XRD頻譜圖………..….………………....….…40 圖4-13 EDS檢測位置……………….………….………………...….…40 圖4-14 TiO2 nanotube之成分分析圖….………………………...…40 圖4-15 TiO2 nanotube之成分比例…….………………………..……40 圖4-16 0.25 wt.% NH4F + 1 vol.% H2O為電解液,時間對吸附之影響….41 圖4-17 0.5 wt.% NH4F + 1 vol.% H2O為電解液,時間對吸附之影響..42 圖4-18 0.75 wt.% NH4F + 1 vol.% H2O為電解液,時間對吸附之影響….42 圖4-19 0.25 wt.% NH4F + 2 vol.% H2O為電解液,時間對吸附之影響….43 圖4-20 0.5 wt.% NH4F + 2 vol.% H2O為電解液,時間對吸附之影響..43 圖4-21 0.75 wt.% NH4F + 2 vol.% H2O為電解液,時間對吸附之影響….44 圖4-22 0.25 wt.% NH4F + 3 vol.% H2O為電解液,時間對吸附之影響….44 圖4-23 0.5 wt.% NH4F + 3 vol.% H2O為電解液,時間對吸附之影響..45 圖4-24 0.75 wt.% NH4F + 3 vol.% H2O為電解液,時間對吸附之影響….45 圖4-25 管長為20 μm及30 μm對浸泡染料時間之影響………..…..…46 圖4-26 不同管長之TiO2 nanotube對染料吸收影響…………..………47 圖4-27 不同電解液厚度與空白玻璃之穿透率影響…….…….…………48 圖4-28 空白玻璃與導電玻璃之穿透率…………………………..………49 圖4-29 鍍鉑厚度為10 nm之穿透率……………………..…………….…50 圖4-30 不同鍍鉑厚度之穿透率…………………………………..………50 圖4-31 Pt/FTO對不同電化學成長時間之光電流-電壓特性曲線....…52 圖4-32 Pt/ITO對不同電化學成長時間之光電流-電壓特性曲線.………52 圖4-33 不同度鉑厚度對元件之光電流-電壓特性曲線…….....………53 圖4-34 不同度鉑厚度對元件之入射光電子轉換效率曲線…….….…54 圖4-35 (a) Voc;(b) Jsc;(c) FF;(d) η與TiO2 nanotube管長關係圖…..……57 圖4-36 不同TiO2 nanotube管長之光電流-電壓特性曲線……….……57 表目錄 表2-1 三種TiO2晶體結構之物理性質.….………………………………..9 表2-2 各種鍍鉑厚度對於轉換效率之影響……………………….…..…18 表3-1 本實驗所使用材料規格………..………………………………..22 表3-2 蝕刻條件設定…………..………………………………………..23 表3-3 電化學條件設定………………..………………………………..25 表3-4 染料浸泡條件設定……………….……………………………...26 表3-5 電解液條件設定……………………………………….………...27 表4-1 以NH4F + H2O + EG電解液為主,NH4F、H2O及時間為可變參數…………………………………………………………………..39 表4-2 各參數所製備出TiO2 nanotube之結果表…………………….39 表4-3 Pt/FTO對不同電化學成長時間之比較……………..….………51 表4-4 Pt/ITO對不同電化學成長時間之比較……………..….………51 表4-5 管長30 μm對不同鍍鉑厚度之比較..….…………………………53 表4-6 不同TiO2 nanotube管長之元件效率影響…………………… 55

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