本研究旨在瞭解幼兒自主神經系統的激發與奮力控制的關聯，也探討 幼兒性別、年齡、家庭社經地位不同，幼兒的自主神經系統激發與奮力控制的差異。本研究以304位滿 3 歲及滿4歲的幼兒為研究對象， 這些受試幼兒來自臺北市、新北市及桃園市的 11所幼兒園。研究工具選用 Heart Math 發展的「emWave Pro HRV」心率回饋儀測量幼兒的心率變異、「ROSSMAX CF-155」手臂式電子血壓計測量幼兒的血壓（舒張壓、收縮壓及脈搏）收集幼兒在賽門說（Simon Says）情境的自主神經系統激發生理參數；再由父母填寫的「兒童行為量表—極簡短版」（CBQ-VSF）及幼兒的賽門說（Simon Says）任務遊戲得分評估幼兒的奮力控制表現。調查所得資料以SPSS23.0統計軟體之描述統計、相依樣本t檢定、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關、階層迴歸等方式進行資料分析。本研究主要發現如下：
一、受試幼兒自主神經系統的激發狀況：收縮壓在激發後比激發前顯著提高，但心率變異的生理參數在激發前、後沒有顯著差異。
二、受試幼兒奮力控制的表現：在CBQ-VSF的「知覺敏感」表現較佳，而在「抑制控制」的表現較弱。另外，在賽門說任務遊戲的抑制反應的得分也較低。賽門說任務遊戲表現與CBQ-VSF的「注意力集中」分數達顯著相關，但與「抑制控制」則無顯著相關。
三、不同背景變項受試幼兒自主神經的激發、奮力控制表現的差異：
1.三歲組受試幼兒比四歲組受試幼兒在進行賽門說任務遊戲時顯得緊張。他們的心率變異超低頻（VLF）及脈搏數較高。
2.四歲組受試幼兒在CBQ-VSF的「注意力集中」表現較三歲組受試幼兒佳；而在賽門說任務遊戲的奮力控制表現也比三歲組幼兒佳。
3.受試幼兒女生的脈搏次數高於男生，但，受試幼兒男生的收縮壓比女生高。
4.受試幼兒在CBQ-VSF的整體表現，女生優於男生。但在賽門說任務遊戲的表現則無顯著的性別差異。
5.受試幼兒自主神經系統激發的生理參數不會因家庭社經地位的不同而不同。而CBQ-VSF的「知覺敏感」的表現，低家庭社經地位的受試幼兒較中家庭社經地位者佳。
四、受試幼兒自主神經系統的激發與奮力控制表現的關聯：
1.心率變異超低頻（VLF）指數較小的受試幼兒，CBQ-VSF的抑制控制」表現較好，較不緊張。
2.受試幼兒激發前的收縮壓指數高者，在CBQ-VSF的「低度愉悅」表現佳；但在激發後收縮壓指數高的受試幼兒較緊張，他們的「低度愉悅」得分低。
3.受試幼兒自主神經系統激發的生理參數與賽門說任務遊戲的得分沒有顯著相關，對賽門說任務遊戲的得分也無預測力。

The purposes of this study were to understand the relation between autonomic nervous system arousal and effortful control in preschools, and explore the differences of gender, age, and socio-economic status (SES) in autonomic nervous system arousal and effortful control respectively. 304 preschoolers aged 3 and 4 from 11 preschools in Taipei, New Taipei City and Taoyuan participated in this study. By using the ⸢HeartMath's ‘emWave Pro HRV’ heart rate feedback device⸥ to measure the heart rate variability of ,and the ⸢ ‘ROSSMAX CF-155’ arm-type electronic sphygmomanometer⸥ to measure the blood pressure (diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure and pulse), the preschoolers’ autonomic nervous system arousal data was collected. In addition, ⸢Children’s Behavior Questionnaire – Very Short Form⸥ completed by parents and ⸢Simon Says Task⸥ was to assess the preschoolers’ effortful control. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, paired sample t test, independent sample t test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and hierarchical regression. The main findings were summarized as follows:
1.The systolic pressure of the preschoolers was higher after the Simon Says Task, but the heart rate variability did not differ significantly before and after the Task.
2.In CBQ-VSF, the preschoolers’ perception sensitivity was better, while the inhibition control was weaker. In addition, the inhibition response in Simon Says Task was performed weaker. Also, ‘attention focusing’ in CBQ-VSF was significant related to Simon Says Task.
3.The differences among the age, gender, and SES as below:
(1)Three-year-olds have higher heart rate variability (VLF) and higher pulse rate than those four-year-olds.
(2)Four-year-olds were better than three-year-olds at the scores of ‘attention focusing’ in CBQ-VSF and the scores in Simon Says Task.
(3)The pulse rate of the girls was higher than the boys’, but the systolic blood pressure of the boys was higher than the girls’.
(4)The total CBQ-VSF scores of the girls were higher than the boys’, but there was no significant difference in Simon Says between the boys and the girls.
(5)SES didn’t associate with preschoolers’ autonomic nervous system arousal. Preschoolers in lower SES performed well at ‘perceptual sensitivity’ in CHA-VSF than those in middle SES.
4.The relationship between the autonomic nervous system arousal and effortful control in preschoolers:
(1)The lower VLF index, the better ‘inhibition control’ in CBQ-VSF.
(2)Before arousal, the higher systolic blood pressure, the better ‘low intensity pleasure’ in CBQ-VSF; after arousal, the higher systolic blood pressure, the poorer ‘low intensity pleasure’ in CBQ-VSF.
(3)Simon Says Task had no significant correlation and no prediction on preschoolers’ autonomic nervous system.

壹、中文部分
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