本研究旨在探討中國大陸國際學校在全球化與在地化的碰撞下，其學校文化的制度結構以及認知層面的樣貌為何。就此來說，本研究的研究目的有二：（一）探討中國大陸民辦國際學校在全球化與在地化的碰撞下，學校課程與教學、 規範與管理、儀式與活動所呈現出來的樣貌。（二）探討中國大陸民辦國際學校在全球化與在地化的碰撞下，學生與教師對於其學校的文化與學校定位之認知。 為了達成研究目的，本研究採用訪談法以及文件分析法研究中國大陸一所民辦學校學校文化的制度與結構層面以及認知層面。具體來說，本研究根據研究分析與討論提出兩項研究結果：（一）該校為中國式的國際學校，其具體體現於：（1）強調中國節日和文化精神的儀式與活動；（2）採用中華價值觀的規範與管理；（3）採取升學優先和接受知識優先的課程與教學。（二）師生認知層面：（1）該校師生認為中國文化應為主體，西方文化應作補充（2）該校師生認為該校辦學定位為中國特色的國際學校。

This article aims to study two aspects of school culture in international schools of mainland China：institutional-structure aspect and cognitive aspect, under the collision of globalization and localization. Therefore, the purposes of this research are: 1. To explore the appearance of school curriculum and teaching, norms and management, rituals and activities in the collision of globalization and localization in non-traditional international schools of mainland China. 2. To explore the cognition of students and teachers on the culture and school running orientation of their schools under the collision of globalization and localization in non-traditional international schools of mainland China. In order to achieve the purposes of this research, this research adopts semi-structural interview, and documentary research to study the institutional-structure aspect and cognitive aspect of school culture in a non-traditional school of mainland China. Specifically, the study proposes two research results based on research analysis and discussion: 1. The school is a Chinese-style international school: (1) The rituals and activities are emphasized Chinese festivals and cultural spirits; (2) The norms and management of are emphasized Chinese values; (3) The Courses and teaching are supplemented to give priority to higher education and receive knowledge. 2. Cognitive aspect of teachers and students: (1) The teachers and students of the school believe that Chinese culture should be the main body, and Western culture should be supplemented. (2) The teachers and students of the school believe that the school is positioned as an international school with Chinese characteristics.

一、中文文獻
上海將對21所國際高中教材進行嚴格審查（2016，11月）。中國國際教育網。取自 https://school.ieduchina.com/midschool/201611/18850.html
中國全球化智庫（2016）。中國國際學校報告藍皮書（2016）。北京市：作者。
中國全球化智庫（2018）。中國國際學校報告藍皮書（2018）。北京市：作者。
方成智、李慧慧（2019）。民辦國際學校的發展問題。文教資料，813（3），113-115。
王作梅（2006）。國際學校高中課程設置探索—以上海三所國際學校為案例（碩士論文）。取自中國知網。
江雁南（2016，12月）。國際學校的中國式難題。端傳媒。取自 https://theinitium.com/article/20161220-mainland-intlschool/
李旭媚（2010）。高中教育：國際學校的特色與啟示－以北京國際學校為例。比較教育研究，250（11），68-73。
李學農（1997）。學校文化論。合肥市：安徽人民出版社。
林進生（2004）。新設學校組織文化之個案研究：以屏東縣崇和國民小學為例（碩士論文）。 取自臺灣博碩士論文加值系統。
金贇（2010）。國際學校的發展及其對國內學校的影響與啓示（碩士論文）。取自中國知網。
姜添輝（2015）。臺灣高等教育政策依循新自由主義的現象與缺失。台灣教育社會學研究，15（2），131-165。
容中逵、劉要悟（2005）。民族化、本土化還是國際化、全球化。比較教育研究，7，17-22。
徐偉傑（譯）（2000）。W. Malcolm著。全球化（Globalization）。台北市: 弘智文化。
馬廷偉，馬雲鵬（2004）。課程改革與學校文化重建——一個學校的個案研究。教育研究，3，62-66。
國務院辦公廳關於成立國家教材委員會的通知（2017）。
張紹鈞、張傳燧（2014）。基礎教育課程改革的國際化與本土化。教育科學研究，3，17-23。
張慶勳 (1996) 。國小校長轉化、互易領導影響學校組織文化特性與組織效能之研究（博士論文）。取自臺灣博碩士論文加值系統。
教育部「收緊」政策 公辦高中國際班何去何從（2015，1月）。南京日報。取自 https://xw.qq.com/edu/20150130057529/EDU2015013005752900
章珮瑜（2000）。學校文化與教師組織承諾及工作滿意關係之研究（碩士論文）。取自臺灣博碩士論文加值系統。
許錦文（2003）。學校文化與社區文化互動之研究：台灣一所鄉村國中的個案分析（碩士論文）。取自臺灣博碩士論文加值系統。
郭建志，章珮瑜，鄭伯壎（2002）。學校文化對教師效能的影響：以我國國民小學為例。本土心理學研究，17，67-103。
陳奎憙（2001），教育社會學導論。台北市：師大書苑
童新峯（2011）。專業學習社群運作及其促進學校文化改變之個案研究（碩士論文）。取自臺灣博碩士論文加值系統。
匯智聯恆（2014）。2014-2018年中國國際學校市場分析與投資前景預測報告。北京市：作者。
新學說國際教育研究院（2016）。2016中國國際學校市場招生報告。北京市：作者。
新學說國際教育研究院（2017）。2017中國國際學校發展報告。北京市：作者。
新學說國際教育研究院（2018）。2018中國國際學校發展報告。北京市：作者。
趙康伶（2010）。全球化與本土化的辯證—從後現代與後殖民觀點初探。通識學刊：理念與實務，2（1），1-18。
劉昌（2015，3月）。全國政協委員胡衛：國際課程與本土課程缺乏融合。中國網教育。取自 http://edu.china.com.cn/2015-03/02/content_34929820.htm
劉茂玄（2002）。學校組織文化之個案研究：以彰化市某國民小學為例（碩士論文）。取自臺灣博碩士論文加值系統。
劉淑津（2001）。國民小學組織文化變革之研究-以一所國民小學課程改革為例（碩士論文）。取自臺灣博碩士論文加值系統。
蔡克勇（2002）。教育國際化、本土化與學校個性化。湖南師範大學教育科學學報，1（3），5-10。
蔡進雄（2000）國民中學校長轉型領導、互易領導、學校文化與學校效能關係之研究（博士論文）。取自臺灣博碩士論文加值系統。
蔡榮福（2003）。國民中學學校組織文化與組織變革支持度之研究（碩士論文）。取自臺灣博碩士論文加值系統。
鄭元棨、陳慧慈（譯）（2002）。J. Tomlinson著。文化全球化（Globalization and culture）。台北市：韋伯文化。
賴慧玲（2013）。教師專業學習社群運作及其對學校文化影響之探究--以一所小學為例（碩士論文）。取自臺灣博碩士論文加值系統。
謝江珊（2016，11月）。上海民營學校的第一場雪。時代週報。取自 http://www.time-weekly.com/html/20161108/35118_1.html
謝勝宇，郎芳麟，陳美秀（2010）。高雄縣國民中學教師對於學校組織文化、組織公民行為與學校效能知覺相關研究。人文社會科學研究，4（3），86-105。
關於修改《中華人民共和國民辦教育促進法》的決定（2016）。

二、英文文獻
Al Farra, S. (2012) Images of international education in national and international school. In Hayden, M.C. & Thompson, J. J. (Eds.), International school and international education: Improving teaching, management and quality (pp. 51-61). London, UK: Kogan Page.
Alkire, G. J. (1995). Shaping your school's culture. Thrust for Educational Leadership, 24(7), 22-26.
Allaire, Y., & Firsirotu, M. E. (1984). Theories of organization culture. Organization Studies, 5(3), 193-226.
Allen, K. (2002). Atolls, seas of culture and global nets. In Hayden, M.C., Thompson, J. J. & Walker. G. R. (Eds.), International education in practice: Dimensions for national and international schools (pp. 129-144). London, UK: Kogan Page.
Bagnall, N. (2014). A member of that team: International school students and the need to belong. In Hobson, D. P., & Silova, I. (Eds.), Globalizing minds: Rhetoric and realities in international schools (pp. 99-114). Charlotte, NC: Information Age.
Bailey, L. (2015). The experiences of host country nationals in international schools: A case-study from Malaysia. Journal of Research in International Education, 14(2), 85–97.
Bates, R. (2011). Introduction. In R. Bates (Ed.), Schooling internationally: Globalization, internationalization and the future for international schools (pp. 1-21). London and New York, UK and NY: Routledge.
Blandford, S., & Shaw, M. (2001). Introduction. In Blandford, S., & Shaw, M (Eds.), Managing international schools (pp. 1–8). London, UK: Routledge Falmer.
Brummitt, N., & Keeling, A. (2013). Charting the growth of international schools. In R. Pearce (Ed.), International education and schools: Moving beyond the first 40 years (pp. 25-36). London, UK: Bloomsbury.
Buddeberg, M., & Hornberg, S. (2017). Schooling in times of acceleration. British Journal of sociology of Education, 38(1), 49-59.
Bunnell, T. (2005). Perspectives on international schools and the nature and extent of local community contact. Journal of research in international education, 4(1), 43-63.
Bunnell, T. (2007). The international school industry. Journal of Research in International Education, 6(3), 349-367.
Bunnell, T. (2014). The changing landscape of international schooling. London, UK: Routledge.
Bunnell, T., & Fertig, M. (2016). International schools as ‘institutions’ and the issue of ‘legitimacy’. The International Schools Journal, 36(1), 56.
Cambridge, J., & Thompson, J. (2004). Internationalism and globalization as contexts for international education. Compares, 34(2), 161-175.
Carpenter, D. (2015). School culture and leadership of professional learning communities. The International Journal of Educational Management, 29(5), 682-694. doi: 10.1108/IJEM-04-2014-0046
Carroll, S., & Hobson, D. (2000). Learning through community service in international school settings, International Schools Journal, 20(1): 66–76.
Cavanaugh, R. F., & Dellar, G. B. (1997). Towards a model of school culture. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Education Research and Improvement, Educational Resources Information Center.
Chesworth, N., & Dawe, A. (2000). The executive’s guide to international schools. London, UK: Kogan Page.

Credit Suisse Research Institute, Task Force. (2017). Global Wealth Report 2017. Retrieved from https://publications.creditsuisse.com/tasks/render/file/index.cf-m?fileid=12DFFD63-07D1-EC63-A3D5F67356880EF3
Crossley, M., & Watson, K. (2003). Comparative and international research in education: Globalization, context and difference. London, UK: Routledge Falmer.
Deal, T. E., & Kennedy, A. A. (1982). Corporate cultures: The rites and rituals of corporate life. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Deveney, B (2005). An investigation into aspects of Thai culture and its impact on Thai students at an international school in Thailand. Journal of Research in International Education, 4(2), 153–171.
Edwards, J. L., Green, K. E., & Lyons, C. A. (1996). Factor and rasch analysis of the school culture survey. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Education Research and Improvement, Educational Resources Information Center. Eric, K. M. Chong. (2015). Global citizenship education and Hong Kong’s secondary school curriculum guidelines. Asian Education and Development Studies, 4(2), 221-247.
Garton, B. (2002). International schools and their wider community: The location factor. In Hayden, M.C., Thompson, J. J. & Walker. G. R. (Eds.), International education in practice: Dimensions for national and international schools (pp. 145-157). London, UK: Kogan Page.
Gaziel, H. H. (1997). Impact of school culture on effectiveness of secondary schools with disadvantaged students. The Journal of Educational Research, 90(5), 310. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/204205452?accountid= 14228
Geertz, C. (1973). The interpretation of culture selected essays. New York, NY: Basic Books.
Giddens, A. (1990). The Consequences of Modernity, Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Goodenough, W. H. (1981). Culture, language, and society. Redwood City, CA: Benjamin Cummings.
Harvey, D. (1989). The condition of postmodernity. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
Hatch, M. J. (1993). The dynamics of organizational culture. Academy of Management Review, 18(4), 657-693.
Hayden, M.C., & Thompson, J. J. (2013). International schools: Antecedents, current issues and metaphors for the future. In R. Pearce (Ed.), International education and schools moving beyond the first 40 year (pp. 3-23). London, UK: Bloomsbury.
Held, D. (1991). Democracy and the global system. In Held, D. (Ed.), Political theory today (pp. 197-235). Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Hill, I. (2007). Multicultural and international education: never the twain shall meet? Review of Education, 53, 245-264.

Hopkins, D., Ainscow, W., & West, M. (1994). School improvement in an era. London, UK: Cassell.
Inandi, Y., & Giliç, F. (2016). Relationship of teachers' readiness for change with their participation in decision making and school culture. Educational Research and Reviews, 11(8), 823-833.
Johnson, W. L., Snyder, K. J., Anderson, R. H., & Johnson, A. M. (1988). School work culture profile: a statistical analysis and strategy. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Education Research and Improvement, Educational Resources Information Center.
Kroeber, A. L., & Kluckhohn, C. (1952). Culture: a critical review of concepts and definition. Cambridge, MA: The Museum.
Kulundu, F., & Hayden, M. (2002). Creativity, Action, Service (CAS) activities as part of the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme: A case study, Pastoral Care in Education, 20(1), 30–36.
Kythreotis, A., Pashiardis, P., & Kyriakides, L. (2010). The influence of school leadership styles and culture on students' achievement in cyprus primary schools. Journal of Educational Administration, 48(2), 218-240. doi: 10.1108/09578231011027860
Law, W. W., (2003). Globalization, localization and education reform in a new democracy: Taiwan’s experience. In Mok, K., & Welch, A. (Eds.), Globalization and educational restructuring in the Asia Pacific region (pp. 79-127). London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
Leach, R. J. (1969). International schools and their role in the field of international education. London, UK: Pergamon Press.

Lee, H. H., & Li. M. F. (2015). Principal leadership and its link to the development of a school’s teacher culture and teaching effectiveness: a case study of an award-winning teaching team at an elementary school. International Journal of Education Policy & Leadership, 10(4), 1-17.
Lévi-Struss, C. (1967). Structural anthropology (J. Claire & Brooke. G.S, Trans.). Garden City, NY: Anchor Books. (Original work published 1958)
Lévi-Struss, C. (1969). The raw and the cooked (W. John, Trans.). New York, NY: Harper and Row. (Original work published 1964)
Lopez, G. (2017). The impact of a middle school principal's leadership on school culture: A case study. Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses A&I. (UMI No. 1902220306).
Maslowski, R., & Dietvorst, C. (2000). School culture: The heart of the organization. Alphen aan den Rijn, Netherlands: Samsom-Kluw.
McGrew, A. (1992). A global society? In Hall, S., Held, D., & McGrew, T. (Eds.), Modernity and its futures (pp. 62-113). Cambridge, UK: Polity.
McKenzie, M. (1998). Going, Going, Gone ... Global. In Hayden, M.C. & Thompson, J. J. (Eds.), International education: Principles and practice (pp. 242–252). London, UK: Kogan Page.
McKillop-Ostrom, A. (2000). Student Mobility and the International Curriculum. In Hayden, M.C. & Thompson, J. J. (Eds.), International schools and international education: Improving teaching, management and quality (pp. 73–84). London, UK: Kogan Page.
McLuhan, M. (1964). Understanding Media, London, UK: Routledge.
McLuhan, M., & Fiore, Q. (1967). The medium is the massage. London, UK: Allen Lane.
Meyer, J. W. (2010). World society, institutional theories, and the actor. Annual Review of Sociology, 36, 1-20.
Meyer, J. W., & Ramirez, F. (2009). The world Institutionalization of Education. In Jürgen, S. (Ed.), Discourse formation in comparative education (pp. 111-132). Frankfurt am Main, Germany: Peter Lang.
Meyer, J. W., Boli, J., Thomas, G. M., & Ramirez, F. O. (1997). World society and the nation-state. American Journal of Sociology, 103(1), 144-181.
Moore, J. D. (1997). Visions of culture. London, UK: Sage.
Murphy, E. (Ed.). (1991). ESL: A handbook for teachers and administrators in international schools. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Myers, K. P. (2009). The impact of teachers' perceptions of school culture on student achievement. Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses A&I. (UMI No. 305070157).
Ortner, S. B. (1984). Theory in anthropology since the sixties. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 26(1), 126-166.
Pearce, R. (2003). Cultural values for international schools. International Schools Journal, 22, 59-65.
Poole, A. (2018). ‘We are a Chinese school’: Constructing school identity from the lived experiences of expatriate and Chinese teaching faculty in a Type C international school in Shanghai, China. International Journal of Progressive Education, 14(1), 105-121.
Razak, N. A., Darmawan, G. N., & Keeves, J. P. (2010). Social Psychology of Education, 13(2), 185-205. doi: 10.1007/s11218-009-9109-z
Richards, N. (2016). Rage, rage against the dying of the light. In Hayden, M.C. & Thompson, J. J. (Eds.), International schools: Current issues and future prospects (pp.151-164). Didcot, UK: Symposium Books.
Robertson, R. (1987). Globalization and societal modernization: A note on Japan and Japanese religion. Sociological Analysis, 47(s), 35-42.
Robertson, R. (1992). Globalization. London, UK: Sage.
Robertson, R. (1994). Globalization and Glocalization. In Robertson, R., & White, K. (Eds.), Globalization: critical concepts in sociology (pp. 31-52). London: UK: Routledge.
Robertson, R. (1995). Glocalization: Time-space and homogeneity-heterogeneity. In Featherstone, M., Lash, S., & Robertson, R. (Eds.), Global modernities (pp. 25-44). London, UK: Sage.
Rust, Val D. (1999, June). Toward a Taiwanese educational policy: Internationalization and indigenization. 載於國立台灣師範大學教育學系與教育部國家講座聯合舉辦之「教育科學：國際化或本土化？」國際學術研討會論文集（頁1-19），台北市。
Schein, E. H. (1985). Organizational culture and leadership. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Scholte, J. A. (2008). Defining Globalization. The World Economy, 31(11), 1471-1502.
Schwindt, E. (2003). The development of a model for international education with special reference to the role of host country nationals. Journal of Research in International Education, 2(1), 67-81.
Sen, G. (2001). Nationalizing the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme, IB Research Notes, 1(3), 3-9.
Smircich, L. (1983). Concept of culture and organizational analysis. Administrative Science Quarterly, 28, 339-358.
The new local. (2014, December 17). The Economist. Retrieved from http://www.economist.com/news/international/21636757-english-language-schools-once-aimed-expatriates-now-cater-domestic-elites-new
Thornton, K. (1999, September 17). Collaboration with community minimal, Times Educational Supplement, Research Focus.
Trice, H.M., & Beyer, J. M. (1993). The cultures of work organizations. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Tylor, E. B. (1871). Primitive culture. London, UK: J. Murray.
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Education Sector, Task Force on Education for the Twenty-first Century. (1996). Learning: The Treasure Within. Retrieved from: http://www.unesco.org/education/pdf/DELORS _E.PDF
Walker, G. R. (2002). The language of international education. In Hayden, M.C., Thompson, J. J. & Walker. G. R. (Eds.), International education in practice: Dimensions for national and international schools (pp. 208-216). London, UK: Kogan Page.
Waller, W. (1932). The sociology of teaching. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
Wallerstein, I. (1990). Culture as the Ideological Battleground of the Modern World System. In M. Featherstone (Ed.), Global Culture (pp.31-56). London, UK: Sage.
Waterson, M. (2016). The corporatization of international schooling. In Hayden, M.C. & Thompson, J. J. (Eds.), International schools: Current issues and future prospects (pp.185-214). Didcot, UK: Symposium Books.
Wilkinson, D. (1998). International education: A question of access. In Hayden, M.C. & Thompson, J. J. (Eds.), International education: Principles and practice (pp. 227–234). London, UK: Kogan Page.
Williams, R. (1981). The sociology of culture. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
Yamato, Y. (2003). Education in the market place: Hong Kong’s international schools and their mode of operation. Hong Kong, China: Comparative Education Research Centre: The University of Hong Kong.