本研究基於檢討台灣教育研究的需要以及對教育社會學中馬克思主義取向的興趣，而選定Bowles與Gintis的再製理論作為研究對象。採用歷史研究法、學理分析法和內容分析等方法，企圖達到如下幾個目的：釐清Bowles與Gintis思想發展的背景與淵源、剖析其政治經濟學思想、評析其再製理論、評析其教育思想，以及經由對他們和相關文獻的研究心得，針對台灣教育的理論與實際提出一些啟示。本研究的結論如下：壹、學校教育系統的變遷與經濟系統的轉變有關，但經濟不是唯一的原因，其重要性因社會而異貳、教育的社會關係與工作的社會關係不完全符應參、階級再製的現象確實存在，但其原因不限於經濟肆、人的發展才是教育的主要目的伍、課程與教學未受到應有的重視陸、教育改革應作為社會重建的一部分柒、經濟民主應納入教育論述中經由本研究得到幾點啟示：壹、進一步探討教育與經濟的關係 貳、任何教育改革宜考慮階級再製的問題參、進一步探究學生在學校中的處境肆、教育改革應作為社會重建的一部分伍、宜多應用衝突論的觀點研究台灣教育

Because the need of Taiwanese educational research and the interest in Marxist approach in sociology of education, this thesis studies Bowles & Gintis*s reproduction theory. Its research methods consist of historical method, theory analysis method, and content analysis and so on. Its purposes are as follows:1.To clarify the backgrounds and origins of Bowles & Gintis*s thought. 2.To dissect their thought of political economy. 3.To analyze and evaluate their reproduction theory.4.To analyze and evaluate their educational thought.5.To put forward the conclusions and inspirations. Its conclusions are as follows:1.The change of educational system relates to the transformation of economy, but the economy is not the only one factor. And the economic importance depends on the society. 2.Social relations of education do not entirely correspond to social relations of work. 3.The phenomena of class reproduction are really existent, but the economy is not the only one factor.4.Human development would be the main purpose of education.5.Curriculum and teaching are ignored.6.Educational reform should be a part of social reconstruction.7.Educational discourse should contain economic democracy. For Taiwan, its inspirations are as follows:1.To further investigate the relations between education and economy.2.Any educational reform should consider the problem of class reproduction. 3.To further investigate the situations of student in the school.4.Educational reform should be a part of social reconstruction.5.To apply conflict approach to Taiwanese educational research.