本研究之主要目的，在於探討國民小學家長會組織及其運作方式；並調查國民小學家長會的組織現況與問題，據以提出研究結論與建議，以為改進國民小學家長會組織及其運作之參考。
為達成上述目的，本研究採文獻分析與問卷調查等方法。首先，進行文獻探討，藉以瞭解家長會組織的目的與功能、國內外家長會組織，家長會運作方式及其相關問題等；並編製「國民小學家長會組織及其運作現況調查問卷」實施調查，藉以瞭解目前國民小學家長會組織及其運作情況與相關問題；最後根據研究結論提出具體建議。
本研究之調查對象包括台北市、高雄市及台灣省之公立國民小學的學校教育人員與家長，樣本選取在學校部分採分層隨機取樣，人員部分採立意取樣的方式，總共抽取60所學校，取樣人數為1200位學校教育人員與家長，有效樣本為808份。問卷資料處理則採用spss統計套裝軟體進行統計分析。
根據文獻探討與問卷調查的發現，綜合歸納以下各項結論：
一、家長會具有：作為家長與學校溝通的橋樑、協助學校及協助家長等三大功能。
二、目前國民小學學校層級之家長會的組織及其運作情形大致正常，惟班級學生家長會的組織及其運作則有待加強。
三、家長會的運作方式，包括：舉行會議、辦理親師活動、參與義工服務、發行刊物、參與學校行政事務及成立家長會辦公室等六大項，惟目前國民小學學校層級之學生家長會則以前三項之運作方式較為普遍。
四、家長會召開各項會議最適宜的時機為視其實際需要而召開或開學、期末各一次，而召開會議最適當的時段為平日晚間或週六下午。
五、國民小學學校層級之學生家長會可以設置的義工組織包括：協助學生上下學交通導護；協助維護校園安全及秩序；協助推展親職教育、辦理安親班及親子活動；協助推展社團活動及才藝教育；協助學校設備之維修、改善校園環境；協助教師提供補救教學；協助學生心理輔導及提供學校各方面的建議等八項，而一般認為，以前五項義工組織最為需要。
六、國民小學學校層級之學生家長會辦理親職教育適宜的方式有：成立父母成長團或家長研習會；舉辦家庭聯誼與社交活動；開設親職教育相關課程；辦理專題演講；邀請專家進行個別諮詢；編印親職教育相關書籍；舉辦電影或錄影或戲劇欣賞及辦理模範家長表揚活動等八類活動，而一般認為，以前四類活動最適宜辦理。
七、國民小學學生家長會適合協助學校辦理的活動，包括：運動會、園遊會、校外參觀教學、募款活動及晚會等親師活動；而家長會本身則適合主辦園遊會及募款活動等二項親師活動。
八、國民小學學生家長會應採取選派代表的方式參與學校行政事務，並應有所限制。
九、國民小學學生家長會的會員資格應可不限定為具家長身份者，並應鼓勵學校教育人員加入家長會，使其具備親師協會的特性。
十、家長未能參加家長會活動的最主要原回為沒有時間參加；而為提高家長參與家長會活動的興趣，可從尊重並鼓勵家長參與家長會活動、加強宣導家長會功能及家長會活動多樣化等三方面著手改進。
另根據研究發現，提出下列十項建議，以作為改進國民小學家長會組織及其運作之參考：
一、訂定符合實際需要的家長會設置辦法。
二、家長會設置辦法宜加入成立跨校性家長會組織之規範。
三、學校教育人員應秉持開放的心胸，鼓勵家長參與學校教育，促使學校行政人員、教師及家長三者間之共同合作，成為成功的學校教育夥伴。
四、落實班級學生家長會的組織及其運作，以確實發揮家長會的功能。
五、學校層級之學生家長會和班級學生家長會應加強實施任務編組，以提昇家長會的整體功能。
六、學校學生家長會應發行會刊或會訊，以加強會務之宣傳及促進會員間之溝通與瞭解。
七、學校學生家長會應有其專屬辦公室，以作為推展家長會工作的主要埸所。
八、學校學生家長會的經費來源應以定期定額繳交會費為主；另可研究家長會透過舉辦義賣會及經營員生消費合作社等方式，籌措家長會經費之可行性。
九、家長會可選派代表與教師會代表及學校行政人員合組委員會，共同參與決定學校行政事務。
十、師資養成教育應納入親師合作課程。

The present study aims at investigating structure of the Parent Organization at elementary school level, how the organization functions, and difficulties and problems emerging when operating such organizations, and, furthermore, proposing suggestions for improving the structure and functioning of Parent Organizations in elementary schools.
The study consists of mainly two parts: literature review and questionnaire investigation. In the former part, functions and objectives of Parent Organizations, or PTA's, Comparison with PTA's of other countries, the operating ways and related problems are discussed; in the latter part, an investigation into the present development of Parent Organizations, or PTA's, in elementary schools is undergone, and conclusions and suggestions are proposed as well. The subjects of the study, with sample size of 1200 subjects and the effective number of samplers 808, from sixty different elementary schools which are randomly selected, consist of educators and parents. Date of the study are analyzed by means of SPSS.
The study reaches the following conclusions:
1.Parent Organizations, or PTA's, have three major functions: to help parents and schools to communicate with each other, to help schools, and to help parents.
2.Presently, Parent. Organizations, or PTA's in elementary schools are in mormal condition in terms of their structures and functioning; yet Parnet Organizations within an individual class still leave much to be demanded.
3.Ways of poerationg Parent Organizations include: having conferences, holding parent-teacher activities, giving voluntary services, publishing journals, participating in administrative meetings in school, and setting up parent Organization offices; the first three ways of operating such oranizations are viewed as the most common ones.
4.Conferences and meetings can be held whenever it is necessary; the monst proper time for holding conferences or meetings is at the beginning and the end of each semester; the most favorable section of the day for conferences or meetings is in evenings during weekdays or on Saturday afternoons.
5.Voluntary services provided by Parent Organizations inclued: to guide the traffic around the school area, to help maintain school order and safety, to help carry out activities for parental education, parent-child activities and arrange lessons for after-school care centers, to support extra-curriculum activities and art education, to help maintain school facilities and improve school environment, to provide help for students in their studies, and to give counsel to students and pose suggestions to school; the first five are viewed as the most essential.
6.Appropriate ways of holding parental education activities include: giving parents workshops, holding family social activities, opening related courses for parental education, giving speeches, having specialists for personal consultation, publishing books on parental education, viewing video tapes, and giving praise to good parents; the first four items are viewed as the most appropriate.
7.Parent Organizations support school when holding such activities as athletic meetings, garden-parties, visiting, fund-raising and evening parties; activities like garden-parties and found-raising can also be held by the organization.
8.Parent Organizations should elect delegates for participating in deciding administrative affairs in school, yet within certain limitations.
9.Membership should not be limited to parents; educators should be encouraged to participate in Parent Organizations as well so as to embody features of parent-teacher associations.
10.The most common reason why parents fail to be present in activities held by Parent Organizations is that they do not have enough time; to make parents more interested in participating in activities given by the organization, three things are to be done: to repect parents and to encourage them to take part in activities given by the organization, to propagage functions of the organization, and to diversify activities held by the organization.
Suggestions for improving structures and functioning of Parent Organizations are as follows:
1.Mandates for organizing Parent Organizations or PTA's should meet the needs of both parents and schools.
2.Establishing of inter-school parent organizations should be encouraged,and rights and limitations of such inter-school organizations should be mandated.
3.Educators, including administrators and teachers, should be open-minded to encourage parent participation in school education so that the cooperation among school administrators, teachers and parents can be enhanced.
4.Practice of Parent Organizations within each individual class should be carried out.
5.Parent Organizations within each individual school should include groups of different jobs and missions so as to enhance the functions of such organizations.
6.Parent Organizations should be encouraged to publish their own journals so as to propagate the objectives of the organization and to enhance communication and mutual-understanding among members of the organization.
7.Parent Organization offices should be estabished to serve as a main place for carrying out projects of the organization.
8.Funds of Parent Organizations can come from dues paid periodically by members; it is suggested that funds be raised by means of having garage sales, or running staff-student cooperatives.
9.A committee consisting of teachers, school administrators and delegates from Parent Organization of the school should be established, and members from such committee should participate in deciding administrative affairs of the school.
10.Lessons for parent-teacher cooperation should be included in teacher training courses.