在鈦酸鋇電子陶瓷的製程，要得到穩定性高且分散良好的漿料必須添加分散劑。本篇論文主要合成一種陰離子型聚合物聚(二(二甲基丙烯酯)乙基磺酸鈉/甲基丙烯醯胺) (PMEA)作為分散劑探討，不同分子量的PMEA對於鈦酸鋇水系漿體分散性質的影響。
合成之PMEA以IR和1H-NMR光譜確認其結構，並利用GPC測定得到其重量平均分子量分別為 4.1×105，1.3×105，6.0×104，1.6×104。
添加共聚物對於鈦酸鋇漿體穩定性影響的研究方法有流變行為、沈降體積及粒徑分布測試，並利用界達電位及吸附量等實驗來解釋。經由壓胚及燒結，測量胚體之生胚、燒結密度、介電常數及介電損失。另外，利用ICP-MASS來測量鈦酸鋇漿體中Ba2+的含量。實驗結果發現添加PMEA (Mw =1.3×105) 在鈦酸鋇漿體的分散效果優於其他分子量之聚合物，因PMEA (Mw =1.3×105) 於鈦酸鋇粒子表面有較大的吸附量使粒子有較高的界達電位、較小的粒徑及漿體有較低的黏度並可使粒子分散均勻、堆積緻密而有較高的生胚與燒結密度。最後，添加PMEA能減少漿體中鋇離子的溶出。

In the preparation of a well-dispersed, and stable barium titanate (BT)
slurry, the addition of dispersants is essential. This study is to synthesize
an anionic copolymer, i.e., poly-[sodium 2-(2-methyl-acryloyloxy)
ethansulfonate methacrylamide] (PMEA) as a dispersant for BT slurries.
The chemical structure of synthesize PMEAs were varied from the IR and
1H-NMR spectra, and the weight-average molecular weights (Mw) of the
copolymers determind by GPC to be 4.1×105，1.3×105，6.0×104 and
1.6×104.
The dispersion properties of PMEA were examined by measuring the
rheological property, sedimentation, and particle size of BT suspensions.
The zeta potential and adsorption experiments were carried out. The
green and sintered density of BT compacts were determind. Besides, the
barium ions leached from BT particles in aqueous solutions were also
measured results indicate that addition of PMEA can reduce the viscosity,
stabilize the BT suspensions, reduce the particle size, and make BT
compacts with higher green and sintered density, PMEA with Mw of
1.3×105 is more effective because the adsorption amount onto particle
was greater and the achieved zeta potential more negative than polymers
with other Mw. Finally, PMEA could reduce the leached barium ion in the
BT suspensions.

1. W. J. Tseng and C. H. Wu, Sedimentation, rheology and particle-packing
structure of aqueous Al2O3 suspensions, Ceram. Int. 29 (2003) 821–828

2. Z. G. Shen, J. F. Chen, H. K. Zou and J. Yun, Dispersion of nanosized aqueous suspensions of barium titanate with ammonium polyacrylate, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 275 (2004) 158–164

3. K. W. Kirby and B. A. Wechsler, Phase relations in bartium titanate-titanate oxide
system, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 74 (1991) 1841－1846

4. S. Baklouti, T. Chartier and J. F. Baumard, Mechanical properties of dry-pressed
ceramic green products: the effect of the binder, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 80 [8]
(1997) 1992–96

5. S. Baklouti, T. Chartier and J. F. Baumard, Binder distribution in spray – dried
alumina agglomerates, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 18 (1998) 2117－2121

6. Z. C. Chen, T. A. Ring and J. Ixmaitre, Stabilization and processing of aqueous
BaTiO3, suspension with polyacrylic acid, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 75 [12] (1992)
3201–08

7. D. H. Yoon, B. I. Lee, P. Badheka and X. Wang, Barium ion leaching from
barium titanate powder in water, J. Mat. Sci : Mat. Electronics 14 (2003)
165-169

8. R. G. Horn, Surface forces and their action in ceramic materials, J. Am. Ceram.
Soc. 73 (5) (1990) 1117–1135.

9. J. A. Lewis, Colloidal processing of ceramics, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 83 (2000)
10. J. H. Jean and H. R. Wang, Dispersion of aqueous barium titanate suspensions
with ammonium salt of poly(methacrylic acid), J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 81 (1998)
1589 -1599

11. M. C. Blanco-Lopez, B. Rand and F. L. Riley, The properties of aqueous phase
suspensions of barium titanate, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 17 (1997) 281-287

12. W. R. Buessem, L. E. Cross, and A. K. Goswami, Phenomenological theory
of high permittivity in fine-grained barium titanate, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 49
(1966) 33 – 36

13. 陳志豪，”高分子分散劑的合成以及對於鈦酸鋇粉末的分散性質” 國立台
灣師範大學化學研究所碩士論文，2005。

14. 鍾子敏，”陰離子型分散劑分子量對介電陶瓷分散性的影響” 國立台灣師
範大學化學研究所碩士論文，2004。

15. Y. Liu and L. Gao, Dispersion of aqueous alumina suspensions using
copolymers with synergistic functional groups, Mat. Chem. Phy. 82 (2003)
362–369

16. M. R. B. Romdhane, S. Baklouti, J. Bouaziz, T. Chartier and J.-F. Baumardb,
Dispersion of Al2O3 concentrated suspensions with new molecules able to act
as binder, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 24 (2004) 2723–2731

17. S. Baklouti, M. R. B. Romdhane, S. Boufi, C. Pagnoux, T. Chartier and J. F. Baumard, Effect of copolymer dispersant structure on the properties of alumina suspensions, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 23 (2003) 905–911

18. D. H. Yoon and B. I. Lee, Effects on aqueous barium titanate tape
properties of passivation of barium ion leaching by using dispersants,
J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 24 (2004) 3747–3752

19. J. H. Jean and H. R. Wang, Effects of solids loading, pH, and
polyelectrolyte addition on the stabilization of concentrated aqueous
BaTiO3 suspensions, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 83 [2] (2000) 277–80

20. K. L. Ying and T. E. Hsieh, Sintering behaviors and dielectric properties of
nanocrystalline barium titanate, Mat. Sci. Eng. B 138 (2007) 241–245

21. Y. L. Song , X. L. Liu, J. Q. Zhang, X. Y. Zou and J. F. Chen,
Rheological properties of nanosized barium titanate prepared by HGRP
for aqueous tape casting, Powder Technology 155 (2005) 26 – 32

22. I. M. G. d. Santos, A.G.d. Souza, F. R. Sensato, E.R. Leite, E. Longo and J. A.
Varela, Rheological properties of tin oxide suspensions, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc.
22 (2002) 1297-1306

23. B. Y. Yu, W. C. J. Wei and K. C. Hsu, Study of processing adsorption
mechanism of amphoteric polyelectrolyte in BaTiO3 colloids suspension,
J. Ceram. Pro. Res. 5 (2004) 163~170

24. L. Saravanan and S. Subramanian, Surface chemical studies on the competitive
adsorption of poly(ethylene glycol) and ammonium poly(methacrylate) onto
zirconia, Colloids Surf. A 252 (2005) 175–185

25. C. J. Shih and M. H. Hon, Stability of colloidal silicon nitride suspension with
poly-electrolyte, Ceram. Int. 26 (2000) 47-55

26. Q. Tan, Z. Zhang, Z. Tang, S. Luo and K. Fang, Influence of polyelectrolyte
dispersant on slip preparation of nano-sized tetragonal polycrystals zirconia for
aqueous-gel-tape-casting process, Mat. Chem. Phy. 80 (2003) 615-619

27. A. Pettersson, G. Marino, A. Pursiheimo, J. B. Rosenholm, Electrosteric
stabilization of Al2O3, ZrO2, and 3Y-ZrO2 suspensions: effect of dissociation
and type of polyelectrolyte, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 228 (2000) 73-81

28. J. Sun and L. Gao, Dispersing SiC powder and improving its rheological
behaviour, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 21 (2001) 2447-2451

29. K. L. Ying, K. C. Hsu, W. C. J. Wei, An amphoteric water-soluble copolymer. Ⅱ. effect of its molecular weight on dispersion of barium titanate in water, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 100 (2006) 886-891

30. 陳龍賓，“分散劑的合成以及對於鈦酸鋇漿體分散性能的評估” 國立台灣師
範大學化學研究所碩士論文， 2002。

31. 朱立文，“化學法製備奈米級 Ba-Ti-O 介電粉體及其分散應用性之探討”
國立清華大學化學工程學系博士論文，2006

32. S. Farrokhpay, G. E. Morris, D. Fornasiero and P Self, Effects of chemical
functional groups on the polymer adsorption behavior onto titania pigment
particles, J. Colloid Int. Sci. 274 (2004) 33–40

33. A. Seal, D. Chattopadhyay, A. D. Sharma, A. Sen and H. S. Maiti, Influence of
ambient temperature on the rheological properties of alumina tape casting
slurry, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 24 (2004) 2275–2283

34. B. P. Singh, R. Menchavez, C. Takai, M. Fuji and M. Takahashi, Stability of dispersions of colloidal alumina particles in aqueous suspensions, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 291 (2005) 181–186

35. K. Cai, M. Ode and H. Murakami, Influence of polyelectrolyte dispersants on
the surface chemical properties of aluminum in aqueous suspension, Colloids
Surf. A 284–285 (2006) 458–463

36. M. R. B. Romdhane, S. Boufi, S. Baklouti, T. Chartier and J.-F. Baumard,
Dispersion of Al2O3 suspension with acrylic copolymers bearing carboxylic
groups, Colloids Surf. A 212 (2003) 271-283

37. T. Chartierb, Dispersion of Al2O3 concentrated suspensions with new molecules
able to act as binder, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 24 (2004) 2723–2731

38. J. Zhao, X. Wang, Z. Gui and L. Li, Dispersion of barium titanate with
poly(acrylic acid-co-maleic acid)in aqueous media, Ceram. Int. 30 (2004)
1985–1988

39. W. J. Tseng, S.Y. Li, Effect of polysaccharide polymer on sedimentation
and rheological behavior of aqueous BaTiO3 suspensions, J. Mat. Pro. Tech.
142 (2003) 408–414

40. B. P. Singh, S. Bhattacharjee, L. Besra and D. K. Sengupta, Evaluation of
dispersibility of aqueous alumina suspension in presence of Darvan C, Ceram.
Int. 30 (2004) 939–946

41. B. P. Singh, R. Menchavez, C. Takai, M. Fuji and M. Takahashi, Stability of
dispersions of colloidal alumina particles in aqueous suspensions, J. Colloid
Interface Sci. 291 (2005) 181–186

42. H. Bouhamed,S. Boufi, and A. Magnin, Alumina interaction with
AMPS–MPEG random copolymers I. adsorption and electrokinetic behavior,
J. Colloid Interface Sci. 261 (2003) 264–272

43. M. Ramzi Ben Romdhane, Samir Baklouti, and Jamel Bouaziz, Dispersing
properties of copolymers able to act as binders, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 89 [1]
104–109 (2006)

44. J. Sun, L. Gao and J. Guo, Influence of the Initial pH on the Adsorption
Behaviour of Dispersant on Nano Zirconia Powder, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 19
(1999) 1725-1730

45. X. Wang, B. I. Lee and L. Mann, Dispersion of barium titanate with
polyaspartic acid in aqueous media, Colloids Sur. A 202 (2002) 71–80

46. 應國良，“鈦酸鋇漿體分散劑的合成與應用”國立台灣師範大學化學研究
所碩士論文，2003

47. D. Santhiya, G. Nandini, S. Subramanian, K.A. Natarajan and S.G. Malghan,
Effect of polymer molecular weight on the adsorption of polyacrylic acid at the
alumina-water interface, Colloids Sur. A 133 (1998) 157-163

48. A. Degen and M. Kosec, Influence of pH and ionic impurities on the
adsorption of poly(acrylic) dispersant onto a zinc oxide surface, J. Am.
Ceram.Soc. 86 [12] (2003) 2001–10

49. F. Shojai, A.B.A. Pettersson, T. MaÈ ntylaÈ and J.B. Rosenholm,
Electrostatic and electrosteric stabilization of aqueous slips of 3Y-ZrO2 powder,
J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 20 (2000) 277-283

50. Z. G. Shen, J. F. Chen, H. K. Zou and J. Yun, Dispersion of nanosized aqueous
suspensions of barium titanate with ammonium polyacrylate, J. Colloid
Interface Sci. 275 (2004) 158–164

51. Y. Liu, L. Gao and J. Sun, Effect of acrylic copolymer adsorption on the
colloidal stability of a 3Y-TZP suspension, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 22 (2002)
863–871

52. 吳杏璇，“添加陰離子型分散劑之鈦酸鋇漿體在不同pH值下的分散行為”
國立台灣師範大學化學研究所碩士論文，2004。

53. C. W. Chiang and J. H. Jean, Effects of barium dissolution on dispersing
aqueous barium titanate suspensions, Mater. Chem. Phys. 80 (2003) 647–655

54. W. M. Sigmund, Novel Powder-Processing Methods for Advanced Ceramics,
J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 83 [7] (2000) 1557–74

55. J. S. Reed, Introduction to the principles of ceramic processing, John Wiley ＆
Sons, Inc., Singapore, 1989