研究生: |
吳佳玲 Chia-Ling Wu |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
影響高一學生地球科學問題解決能力之相關變項探討 Exploring 10th graders' earth science problem solving ability |
指導教授: |
張俊彥
Chang, Chun-Yen |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
地球科學系 Department of Earth Sciences |
論文出版年: | 2001 |
畢業學年度: | 89 |
語文別: | 中文 |
中文關鍵詞: | 地球科學 、問題解決 、測驗工具 、先備知識 、推理能力 、中等學校 |
英文關鍵詞: | Earth Science, Problem Solving, Test, Background Knownledge, Reasoning Skill, Secondary school |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:263 下載:0 |
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本研究之目的在編製地球科學「問題解決能力測驗」及「先備知識測驗」等量表,並藉此兩工具探究目前高中學生之問題解決能力與其先備知識、推理能力及個人背景資料間的關係。研究工具依據Parnes的「創造性問題解決模式」架構,設計以地球科學為學科背景脈絡的「問題解決能力測驗」,其中包含「發散性思考」與「收斂性思考」兩向度。此外,亦編製針對「問題解決能力測驗」所需要的先備知識而設計之「先備知識測驗」。本研究以台灣東部某國立高中一年級學生為研究對象,有效樣本共260人。研究設計主要採用相關研究法,並輔以半結構式的晤談。正式施測流程分兩階段進行,第一階段進行「問題解決能力測驗」施測,第二階段進行「先備知識測驗」施測,兩測驗連同說明與收發題本,在同一節課中完成。量的資料分析主要採皮爾遜積差相關(Pearson product-moment r)、t考驗、變異數分析法(ANOVA)及多元逐步迴歸分析法(stepwise multiple regression),針對「問題解決能力測驗」與「先備知識測驗」及「推理能力」作相關分析與比較。經筆試測驗後,選取高低能力共9人進行晤談,質性資料經由編碼進行分析,以進一步了解學生對「問題解決能力測驗」及「先備知識測驗」的看法與觀感。研究結果可分為下列五方面:一、研究工具之「問題解決能力測驗」總分與「發散思考」(r=.814,p=.000)及「收斂思考」向度(r=.898,p=.000)均有高度相關,且評分者信度達.856~.965。「先備知識測驗」之信度KR20=0.60~0.63。二、學生問題解決能力與其先備知識(r=0.482,p<.01)及機械推理(r=0.435,p<.01)間均接近中度相關及大的實驗效果(effect size),且「先備知識」、「推理能力」及「對問題解決的態度」對「問題解決能力」有顯著的預測力解釋率達R2=.343,而「先備知識」與「推理能力」對「發散思考」與「收斂思考」亦有顯著的預測力解釋率達R2=.172~.332,根據Cohen(1988)已接近或具有大的實驗效果。三、學生之「性別」、「最喜歡學科」、「家庭月收入」、「對先備知識測驗的喜歡程度」等因素對其「先備知識測驗」的表現有顯著的影響。四、學生之「性別」、「最喜歡學科」、「討厭測驗方式」、「家庭月收入」、「對問題解決能力測驗喜歡程度」、「對先備知識測驗的喜歡程度」、「比較對兩測驗的喜歡程度」等因素對「問題解決能力測驗」的表現亦有顯著的影響。五、學生個人背景資料中「性別」、「最喜歡學科」、「喜歡測驗方式」、「家庭月收入」、「家長最高教育程度」、「對問題解決能力測驗喜歡程度」、「對先備知識測驗的喜歡程度」、「比較對兩測驗的喜歡程度」等因素對其「推理能力」的表現有顯著影響。六、學生喜歡「先備知識測驗」的理由主要為:需要動動腦、單選題、題目很簡單等,並認為須仰賴「知識」、「態度」、「經驗」等為基礎;學生喜歡「問題解決能力測驗」的理由則主要為:可以盡情表達、題目很活用、需要動動腦、題目很生活化及沒有標準答案等,並認為須仰賴「知識」、「態度」、「思考」、「經驗」等為基礎。綜合此次研究發現,學生之先備知識及推理能力與其問題解決能力均接近中度相關,因此在未來的科學教育中,先備知識及推理能力的培養,應有助於提升學生問題解決能力。尤其訓練「發散思考」時應更著重在「推理能力」的培養,而教導「收斂思考」時應強調「先備知識」的建立。此外,學生對的測驗偏好會影響其作答的表現,這一方面非常值得作為在未來教學設計及研發評量工具之參考。
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