簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 楊倩姿
Yang, Chien-Tzu
論文名稱: 尋找好的服務?還是好看的服務? 比較兩岸連鎖餐飲服務產業美學勞務之落差
Looking Good? Good-looking? A Comparison Gap of Aesthetic Labor of Chain Service Industry Cross-Strait: Taiwan vs. China
指導教授: 王國欽
Wang, Kuo-Ching
學位類別: 博士
Doctor
系所名稱: 人類發展與家庭學系
Department of Human Development and Family Studies
論文出版年: 2015
畢業學年度: 103
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 152
中文關鍵詞: 美學勞務知覺兩岸連鎖餐飲產業多群組結構方程模式
英文關鍵詞: Aesthetic Labor, Chain Service Industry Cross Strait, Multiple-group Structural Equation Modeling
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:146下載:0
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 為符合消費者需求,跨國連鎖服務業目前面臨到的挑戰較過往更為複雜與競爭,服務到令人滿意與吸引顧客再度光臨成為重要課題。而員工就扮演賦予企業形象與口碑之重要角色。餐飲服務產業全球化布局,非常需要配合當地文化進行在地調整。在適宜的外表,對於工作勝任、公司的期望與訴求傳遞給顧客服務,也是相當具影響的也是常見在遴選員工時無形依據,過往研究卻鮮有研究論及。
    本文旨在建構兩岸餐飲產業美學勞務知覺量表,探究對於員工在職場或升遷其扮演的前置因素,會產生何種影響組織與個人層面的知覺,對提供領導人或組織求才訴求之一個思考方向。
    研究方法結合質化與量化方法以深入探討影響美學勞務知覺概念,並發展一套具信效度之衡量工具。質化研究部份,本研究深度訪談6位專家,依據量表建構程序發展測量美學勞務知覺量表且調查462位消費者,以探索性因素分析探究量表的因素結構,歸納出三個美學勞務知覺的範疇:美學特質、美儀條件、美學吸引力。
    階段二則再次收集大陸301位消費者,以驗證性因素分析,進一步驗證在美學勞務知覺對於兩岸連鎖產業消費者感受的顧客滿意度與行為意圖之關係,其以提供兩岸連鎖餐飲業者,在跨兩岸人力資源部分之規劃與管理之參考。本研究亦提出若干管理意涵與未來研究方向之建議。

    Nowadays, the Chain service industry has encountered a more complex and competitive challenge to fulfill the need of customers than ever. It is an important topic on how to provide a satisfactory service and to attract the return of customers, and employees are crucial to represent the image and the public reputation of an enterprise. The global arrangement of catering industry needs to cooperate and adjust with the local culture. The proper appearance influences job competence, company’s expectation and appeal to customers, and is also an invisible standard to select an employee. However, researchers rarely discussed about the topic of Aesthetic Labor in the past.
    Therefore, this study integrates qualitative and quantitative approaches to explore the influences of Aesthetic Labor perception deeply and to develop a reliable and valid measurable scale. First, 6 professionals were interviewed and an exploratory factor analysis was performed by investigating 462 consumer. Through content analysis, the Aesthetic Labor perception were identified and then classified into three aspects: aesthetic qualities, etiquette condition and aesthetic appeal. The second stage is to collect the questionnaires of 301 consumers in China to compare the impact of aesthetic labor perception on customer’s satisfaction and behavioral intention between cross-strait consumers in chain catering industry by confirmatory factor analysis.
    In conclusion, this study constructs a standard scale for aesthetic labor perception, and aims at exploring how the pre-existing factors of employees’ job performance and promotion affect the perception of organization and individuals. It provides a brand-new direction of recruitment for supervisors and organization, and a reference material for cross-strait chain catering industry to plan and manage the human resources. Moreover, it contributes several management implications and suggestions to future researches in the catering industry

    致謝詞 I 中文摘要 II 英文摘要 III 表 次 VIII 圖 次 IX 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究背景 1 第二節 研究問題 4 第三節 研究目的 12 第四節 研究範圍 13 第五節 研究流程 14 第二章 文獻探討 16 第一節 兩岸餐飲產業的概況 16 一、 臺灣餐飲產業之概況 16 二、 大陸餐飲產業之概況 18 三、 臺灣與大陸餐飲產業合作契機 21 第二節 美學勞務 28 一、 美學勞務之萌芽 28 二、 美學勞務之定義 29 三、 美學勞務之技能需求 30 四、 美學勞務之組織人力資源管理措施 32 五、 美學勞務相關研究 33 六、 美學勞務產業現況規範 36 第三節 跨文化訓練 38 第四節 顧客滿意度 46 一、 顧客滿意度之定義 46 二、 顧客滿意度之相關研究 47 第三章 研究方法 49 第一節 質性研究 49 一、 美學勞務問卷量表發展 49 二、 受訪者之選取 50 第二節 訪談結果 52 一、 美學勞務認知定義與特質 52 二、 美學勞務認知在餐飲業之雇用員工之美學基礎 53 三、 美學勞務認知在服務品質中影響 54 第三節 量化研究 56 第四節 研究架構與研究假設 62 第五節 問卷設計 67 一、 美學勞務知覺之操作性定義 67 二、 顧客滿意度之操作性定義與變項衡量 67 三、 行為意圖之操作性定義與變項衡量 68 第六節 研究之抽樣對象及調查方法 69 第七節 資料分析方法 71 一、 敘述性統計分析 71 二、 項目分析 71 三、 信度分析 71 四、 峰度與態勢 71 五、 效度分析 72 六、 同質性檢驗 72 七、 內在結構適配度評鑑 72 八、 結構方程模式 73 九、 整體適配度的評鑑 73 十、 多群組結構方程式模型分析 76 第四章 研究結果 78 第一節 第一次調查之樣本特性(臺灣) 78 第二節 量表鑑別力分析 80 一、 項目特性 80 二、 修正題項總相關與鑑別分析 82 第三節 探索性因素分析 85 第四節 信度分析 87 第五節 第二次樣本特性(大陸地區) 88 第六節 驗證性因素分析 90 第七節 建構效度與學說效度 94 一、 建構效度 94 二、 學說效度 95 第八節 多群組結構方程模式分析 98 第五章 結論與建議 102 第一節 研究結論與意涵 102 一、 質化研究-量表建構 102 二、 量化研究-跨國之學說驗證 108 第二節 研究限制與建議 112 一、 質化研究之受訪對象 112 二、 樣本調查不易,避免分佈不均與填答限制 112 三、 兩岸餐飲服務產業認知品牌價值極端 113 參考文獻 114 附錄一 兩岸連鎖餐飲服務產業美學勞務之專家問卷 131 附錄二 兩岸連鎖餐飲服務產業美學勞務之臺灣消費者問卷 137 附錄三 兩岸連鎖餐飲服務產業美學勞務之大陸消費者問卷 141 附錄四 兩岸連鎖餐飲服務產業調查後記 145

    中文
    中國烹飪協會(2015)。2014年度中國餐飲市場分析和2015前景預測報告,取自http://www.ccas.com.cn/Article/HTML/107292.html.
    臺灣連鎖加盟協會(2014)。徐承義數字管理,讓東方爐炒飄香全球,取自http://www.tcfa.org.tw/asp/left_main.asp?act=anndetail&sn=9185207&class=2.
    經濟部統計處(2014)。批發、零售及餐飲動態統計年報。臺北:經濟部統計處。
    余民寧(2006)。潛在變項模式:SIMPLIS的應用。臺北:高等教育。
    吳明隆(2007)。SPSS統計應學習實務:問卷分析與應用統計。新北市:加樺國際。
    宋永坤、張國謙、胡維芯(2013)。餐廳品牌權益、顧客滿意度與行為意圖之研究。餐旅暨觀光,10(4),179-202。
    林嘉慧、陳宣蓉(2010)。跨國企業來台投資之案例分析-以餐飲業爲例。經濟前瞻,129,43-46。
    邱皓政(2004)。結構方程模式:LISREL的理論、技術與應用。臺北市:雙葉書廊。
    邱皓政(2006)。社會與行為科學的量化研究與統計分析。臺北市:五南。
    施百俊(2009)。美學經濟密碼。臺北:商周出版。
    商業周刊(2011)。吳丹鳳型塑飲食美感,取自http://tw.ttnet.net/zh-tw/c_finance/data-list/23-4137/list.html.
    陳美華(2006)。公開的勞務、私人的性與身體:在性工作中協商性與身體的女人。台灣社會學,11,1-55。
    陳鉦達、鄭青展、邱誌偉、邱宇文(2014)。連鎖餐廳品牌個性對顧客滿意度之影響-以消費者生活型態為干擾變數。觀光與休閒管理期刊,2(2),64-77。
    陳寬裕、王正華(2010)。結構方程模式分析實務:AMOS的運用。臺北市:五南。
    黃國忠(2015)。把平凡的事,做到不平凡:王品的行政藝術。臺北市:遠流。
    黃芳銘(2004)。社會科學統計方法學:結構方程模式。臺北市:五南。
    黃芳銘(2007)。結構方程模式:理論與應用。臺北市:五南。
    楊柳(2013)。中國餐飲產業發展報告。大陸:社會科學文獻出版社。
    林靜宜(2014)。鼎泰豐,有溫度的完美。臺北市:天下文化。
    樓蘭、譚湘龍(2012)。台商連鎖店進軍中國。臺北市:時報出版。
    駱俊賢、黃世浩(2014)。以PZB模式探討餐飲業服務品質與顧客滿意度之因果關係研究。運動休閒餐旅研究,9(3),1-22。
    戴有德、陳冠仰、李素馨(2008)。遊憩涉入、場所依賴與場所認同因果關係之研究:以東豐綠色走廊遊憩自行車使用者為例。戶外遊憩研究,21(4),27-57。
    簡愛華、蕭宇嘉、康建華(2015)。2015-2019年中國餐飲連鎖業投資分析及前景預測報告。中國大陸:中國投資諮詢網。
    蘇秋成(2014)。2014-國餐飲產業發展報告。中國大陸:中共中央黨校出版社。
    江奇忠(譯)(2010)。快樂幸福心理學。臺北市:稻田。(Nasser, V., 2010)
    英文
    Adkins, L. (1995). Gendered work: Sexuality, family and the labour (Labor) Market. Philadelphia: Open University.
    Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411-423.
    Anderson, R. E., & Srinivasan, S. S. (2003). E-satisfaction and e-loyalty: A contingency framework. Psychology and Marketing, 20(2), 123-138.
    Babbie, E. (2005). The basics of social research. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing.
    Bagozzi, R. P., Yi, Y., & Phillips, L. W. (1991). Assessing construct validity in organizational research. Administrative Science Quarterly, 36(3), 421-458.
    Barmeyer, C. I. (2004). Learning styles and their impact on cross-cultural training: An international comparison in france, germany and quebec. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 28(6), 577-594.
    Barro, R. J. (1998). So you want to hire the beautiful. Well, why not?. Business Week, 18.
    Barro, R. J. (2003). The economics of beauty. Across The Board, 40(3), 7-8.
    Bearden, W.O., & Teel, J. E. (1983). Selected determinants of consumer satisfaction and complaint reports. Journal of Marketing Research, 20(2), 21-28.
    Bennett, R., Aston, A., & Colquhoun, T. (2000). Cross-cultural training: A critical step in ensuring the success of international assignments. Human Resource Management, 39(2), 239-250.
    Biswas, M. (2009). Aesthetic labour in India: Locating and mapping the mind of the practitioners-an application of chaid algorithm. Journal of Service Research, 9(2), 81-103.
    Black, J. S., & Mendenhall, M. (1989). A practical but theory-based framework for selecting cross-cultural training methods. Human Resource Management, 28(4), 551-539.
    Black, J. S., & Mendenhall, M. (1990). Cross-cultural taining effectiveness: A review and theoretical framework for future research. Academy of Management Review, 15(1), 113-136.
    Boulding, W., Kalra, A., Staelin, R., & Zeithaml, V. A. (1993). A dynamic process model of service quality: From expectations to behavioral intentions. Journal of Marketing Research, 30(1), 7-27.
    Butler, J. (1990). Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity. New York: Routledge, Chapman & Hall, Inc.
    Cardozo, R. N. (1965). An experimental study of customer effort, expectation and satisfaction. Journal of Marketing Research, 2(3), 244-249.
    Carlzon, J. (1989). Moments of truth: New strategies for today’s customer-driven economy. New York: Harper & Row.
    Caruana, A. (2002). Service loyalty: The effects of service quality and the mediating role of customer satisfaction. European Journal of Markting, 36(3), 811-828.
    Chadwin, M. L., Rogers, S. E., & Kim, P. S. (1995). Dealing with them: Preparing state and local officials for the cross-cultural challenge. Public Administration Review, 55(6), 517-521.
    Chanan, M. (1980). Labour power and aesthetic labour in film and television in Britain. Media. Culture and Society, 2, 117-137.
    Chattopadhyay, A., & Alba, J. W. (1988). The situational importance of recall and inference in consumer decision making. Journal of Consumer Research, 15(1), 1-12.
    Churchill, G. A. (1979). A paradigm for developing better measures of marketing constructs. Journal of Marketing Research, 16(1), 64-73.
    Churchill, G. A., & Sueprenat, C. (1982). An Investigation into the determinants of customer satisfaction. Journal of Marketing Research, 19(4), 491-504.
    Crick, P. A. (2007). Managing service workers: Exploratory insights from a sample of Jamaican service organizations. Journal of Eastern Caribbean Studies, 32(4), 8-30.
    Czepiel, J. A. (1974). Word of mouth processes in the diffusion of a major technological innovation. Journal of Marketing Research, 11(2), 172-180.
    Czepiel, J. A., & Rosenberg, L. J. (1977). The study of consumer satisfaction: Addressing the ‘so what’ questions. In H. K. Hunt (Ed.), Conceptualization and measurement of consumer satisfaction and dissatisfaction (pp. 119-123). MA: Marketing Science Institute.
    Davies, P. (1991). Your total image, London: Piatkus.
    Day, R., & Landon, E. (1976). Collecting comprehensive consumer complaint data by survey research. Advances in Consumer Research, 3(1), 263-268.
    Dean, D. (2005). Recruiting a self : women performers and aesthetic labour. Work, employement and society, 19(4), 761-774.
    DeVellis, R. F. (2003). Scale development: Theory and applications. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
    Dunbar, E., & Katcher, A. (1990). Preparing managers for foreign assignments. Training and Development Journal, 44(9), 45-47.
    Early, P. C. (1987). Intercultural training for managers: A comparison of documentary and interpersonal methods. Academy of Management Journal, 30(4), 685-698.
    Ehrenreich, B. (2001). Nickel and Dimed. NY: Metropolitan.
    Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Building theories from case study research. Academy of Management Review, 14, 532-550.
    Ekinci, Y., Dawes, P. L., & Massey, G. R. (2008). An extended model of the antecedents and consequences of consumer satisfaction for hospitality services. European Journal of Marketing, 42(1), 35-68.
    Engel, J. F., Blackwell R. D., & Miniard, P. W. (1995). Consumer Behavior (8th ed.). Fort Worth TX: The Dryden Press.
    Ennew, C. T., & Binks, M. R. (1999). Impact of participative service relationships on quality, satisfaction and retention: An exploratory study. Journal of Business Research, 46(2),121-132.
    Entwistle, J., & Wissinger, E. (2006). Keeping up appearance: aesthetic labour in the fashion modelling industries of London and New York. Sociological Review, 54(4), 774-794.
    Eschbach, D. M., Parker, G. E., & Stoeberl, P. A. (2001). American repatriated employees’ retrospective assessments of the effects of cross-cultural training on their adaptation to international assignments. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 12(2), 270-287.
    Faure, G. O., & Fang, T. (2008). Changing chinese values: Keeping up with paradoxes, InternationalBusiness Review, 17(2), 194-207.
    Flott, L. W. (2002). Customer satisfaction. Metal Finishing, 100(1), 58-63.
    Fornell, C. (1992). A national customer satisfaction barometer: The swedish experience. Journal of Marketing, 56(1), 6-21.
    Fornell, C., & Larcker D.F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement errors. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
    Foxall, G. R., & Greenley, G. E. (1999). Consumers’ emotional responses to service environments. Journal of Business Research, 46(2), 149-158.
    Gable, R. K., & Wolf, M. B. (1993). Instrument development in the affective domain: Measuring attitudes and values in corporate and school settings. Norwell, MA: Kluwer.
    Galiardic, P. (1996). Exploring the aesthetic side of organizational life, in S. R. Clegg, C, Hardy and W, Nord(eds). Handbook of Organizational Studies. Londen: Sage.
    Global Talent (2021). How the new geography of talent will transform human resource strategies. Oxford Economics. http://www.oxfordeconomics.com/Media/Default/Thought%20Leadership/global-talent-2021.pdf.
    Goffman, E. (1974). Frame analysis: An essays on the organization of experience. MA: Harvard University.
    Goffman, E. (1983). The interaction order. American Sociological Review, 48(1), 1-17.
    Gould, A. (1987). Resonant enhancements in weakly interacting massive particle capture by the earth. Astrophysical Journal, 321(1), 571-585.
    Guillén, M. F. (1997). Scientific management’s lost aesthetic: Architecture, organization, and the taylorized beauty of the mechanical. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42(4), 682-715.
    Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (1998). Multivariate data analysis (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
    Hammermesh, D., & Biddle, J. (1994). Beauty and the labor market. The American Economic Review, 84(5), 1174-1194.
    Hankcock, P., & Tyler, M. (2000). The look of love: Gender and the organizational of aesthetics, in J. Hassard, R. Holliday and H.Willomott(eds). Boby and Organizational. Londen: Sage.
    Harper, B. (2000). Beauty, stature and the labour market. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 62(1), 771-880.
    Harrison, J. K. (1994). Developing successful expatriate managers: A framework for the structural design and strategic alignment of cross-cultural training programs. Human Resource Planning, 17(3), 17-35.
    Hatfield, E., & Sprecher, S. (1986). Mirror, mirror...the importance of looks in everyday life, Albany, NY: SUNY.
    Helms, M. M., & Mayo, D. T. (2008). Assessing poor quality service: perceptions of customer service representatives. Managing Service Quality, 18(6), 610-622.
    Hinkin, T. R., Tracey, J. B., & Enz, C. A. (1997). Scale construction: Developing reliable and valid measurement instruments. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 21(1), 100-120.
    Hochschild, A. R. (1983). The managed heart: Commercialization of human feeling. Berkeley, CA: University of California.
    Hoplf, H. (2000). Susviter in modo, foriter in re :Apperance of Looks in everyday Life, Albany, NY: SUNY.
    Huzell, H., & Larsson, P. (2012). Aesthetic and athletic employees: The negative outcome of employers assuming responsibility for sickness benefits. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 33(1), 103-123.
    Jackson, S., & Briggs, C. (2003). Tourism and hospitality. In beyond VET: The changing skill needs of the victorian services industries, 2, Univrtsity of Sydney.
    Jackson. M., Goldthorpe, J., & Mills, C. (2002). Education, employers and class mobility. International Sociological Association Research Committee 28 meeting, University of Oxford.
    Karlsson, J. C. (2012). Looking good and sounding right: aesthetic labour. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 33(1), 51-64
    Kealy, D., & protheroe, D. (1996). The effectiveness of cross culture training for expatriates: an assessment of the literature on the issue. Interational Journal of Intercultural Ralations, 20, 141-165.
    Kelley, S. W., Donnelly, J. H., & Skinner, S. J. (1992). Organizational socialization of service customers. Journal of Business Research, 25(3), 197-214.
    Kelley, T. L. (1939). The selection of upper and lower groups for the validation of test item. Educational Psychology, 30(1), 17-24.
    Kemper, L. C. (1998). Global training’s critical success factors. Training and Development, 52(2) 35-37.
    King, G. R., Winchester, J., & Sherwyn, D. (2006). You don’t look marvelous: Considerations for employees regulating employee appearance. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 47(4), 359-368.
    Kinman, G. (2009). Emotional labour and strain in “front-line” service employees does mode of delivery matter? Journal of Managerial Psychology, 24(2), 118-135.
    Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2th ed). New York: The Guilford Press.
    Korczynski, M., & Ott, U. F. (2004). When production and consumption meet: Cultural contradictions and the enchanting myth of customer sovereignty. Journal of Management Studies, 41(4), 575-99.
    Kotler, P. (2000). Marketing Management. 10th edition, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
    Kotler, P., Kartajaya, H., & Setiawan, I. (2010). Marketing 3.0. New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Kwon, K., & Lease, A. M. (2014). Perceived influence of close friends, well-liked peers, and popular peers Reputational or personal influence? Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 31(8), 1116-1133.
    Kristof, A. L., Barrick, M. R., & Franke, M. (2002). Applicant impression management: Dispositional influences and consequences for recruiter perceptions of fit and similarity. Journal of Management, 28, 27-46.
    Ladhari, R., Brun, I., & Morales, M. (2008). Determinants of dining satisfaction and postdining behavioral intentions. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 27(4), 563-573.
    LaTour, S. A., & Peat, N. C. (1979). Conceptual and methodological issues in consumer satisfaction research. In W. L. Wilkie (Ed.), Advances in Consumer Research (pp.431-437). MI: Association for consumer research.
    Lewis, B. R., Templeton, G. F., & Byrd, T. A. (2005). A methodology for construct development in MIS research. European Journal of Information Systems, 14, 388-400.
    Lievens, F., Harris, M. M., Van Keer, E., & Bisqueret, C. (2003). Predicting cross-cultural training performance: The validity of personality, cognitive ability, and dimensions measured by an assessment center and a behavior description interview. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 476-489.
    Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
    Liu, Y., & Jang, S. (2009). The effects of dining atmospherics: An extended Mehrabian-Russell model. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 28(4), 494-503.
    Lovelock, C., & Wirtz, J. (2007). Services Marketing: People, Technology, Strategy. 6th ed., Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
    Manrai, L. A. (1993). Mood Effects in Services: An Integrated Conceptual Model. Journal of Service Research November, 2(1), 187-199.
    Martin, L., & Grove, J. (2002). Interview as a selection tool for entry-level hospitality employees. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitalbly and Tourism, 1(1), 41-47.
    McGovern, T.V., & Howard, E. A (1978). Interviewer evaluations of interviewee nonverbal behavior. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 13, 163-171.
    McKinlay, A. (2002). Dead selves: The birth of the modern career. Organization, 9(4), 595-614.
    Mendenhall, M., Dunbar, E., & Oddou, G. (1987). Expatriate selection, training, and career-pathing: a review and critique. Human Resource Management, 26, 331-345.
    Mills, C. W. (1951). White Collar, Oxford : Oxford University Press.
    Morrow, P. C. (1990). Physical attractiveness and selection decision making. Journal of Management, 16(1), 45-60.
    Murry, J., & Hammons, J. O. (1995). Delphi: A versatile methodology for conducting qualitative research. Review of Higher Education, 18(4), 423-436.
    Nam, J., Ekinci, Y., & Whyatt, G. (2011). Brand equity, brand loyalty and consumer satisfaction. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(3), 1009-1030.
    Nickson, D., & Warhurst, C. (2007). Opening pandora's box: aesthetic labour and hospitality. In: Advances in tourism research, hospitality: A social lens. Advances in Tourism Research. Elsevier, 155-171.
    Nickson, D., Warhurst, C., & Dutton, E. (2004). Aesthic labour and the policy-making agenda: Time for a reappraisal of skills? SKOPE Research Paper, 48(1), 1-36.
    Nickson, D., Warhurst, C., & Dutton, E. (2005). The importance of attitude and appearance in the service encounter in retail and hospitality. Managing Service Quality, 15(2), 195-208.
    Nickson, D., Warhurst, C., Cullen, A. M., & Watt, A. (2003). Bringing in the excluded? Aesthetic labour, skills and training in the new economy. Journal of Education and Work, 16(2), 185-203.
    Nickson, D., Warhurst, C., & Dutton, E. (2005). The Importance of Attitude and Appearance in the Service Encounter in Retail and Hospitality. Managing Service Quality, 15(2), 195-208.
    Olins, W. (1991). Corporate Identity. London, England: Thames & Hudson.
    Oliver, R. L. (1981). Measurement and evaluation of satisfaction process in retail setting. Journal of Retailing, 57(3), 25-49.
    Oliver, R. L. (1997). Satisfaction: A behavioral perspective on the consumer. Boston: McGraw-Hill.
    Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., & Berry, L. L. (1985). A conceptual model of service quality and its implications for future research. Journal of Marketing, 49(4), 41-50.
    Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V.A., & Berry L.L. (1994). Reassessment of expectations as a comparison standard in measuring service quality: Implications for further research. Journal of Marketing, 58(1), 111-124.
    Payen, J. (2005). The changing Meaning of skill. Guardian, Nexus, 13.
    Pepers, D., & Rogers, M. (1993). The One to One Future: Building Relationships One Customer at a Time. New York; Doubleday.
    Pettinger, L. (2004). Brand culture and branded workers: Service work and aesthetic labour in fash¬ion retail. Consumption, Markets and Culture, 7(2), 165-184.
    Pettinger, L. (2005). Gendered work meets gendered goods: Selling and service in clothing retail. Gender, Work and Organization, 12(5), 460-478.
    Pfajfar, G., Knehtl, M., & Mitręga, M. (2010). The value of aesthetics in the process of hiring new employees in the service industry and its impact on service quality. The Business Review, 15(2), 272-281.
    Phillip, K. H., Gus, M.G., Rodney, A. C., & John, A. R. (2003). Customer repurchase intention a general structural equation model. European Journal of Marketing, 37(11), 1762-1800.
    Pine, B. J., & Gilmore, J. H. (1999). The experience economy: work is theatre and every business a stage. Harvard Business School Press.
    Postrel, V. I. (2004). The substance of style: How the rise of aesthetic value is remaking commerce, culture, and consciousness. NY: Harper Perennial.
    Quinn, B. (2008). Aesthetic labour, rocky horrors and the 007 Dynamic. International Journal of Culture Tourism and Hospitality Research, 2(1), 78-85.
    Sanders, T. (2005). It’s just acting: Sex workers’ strategies for capitalizing on sexuality. Gender, Work and Organization, 12(4), 319-342.
    Schmitt, B. H. (1999). Experiential marketing: A new framework for design and communications. Design Management Journal, 10(2), 10-16.
    Shao, C. Y., Baker, J., & Wagner, J. A. (2004). The effects of appropriateness of service contact personnel dress on customer expectations of service quality and purchase intention: The moderating influences of involvement and gender. Journal of Business Research, 57, 1164-1176.
    Schwartz, M. S. (2009). Corporate efforts to tackle corruption: An impossible task? Journal of Business Ethics, 88(4), 823-832.
    Siu, Y. M., & Cheung, T. H. (2001). A measure of retail service quality. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 19(2), 88-96.
    Spiess, L., & Waring, P. (2005). Emotional and aesthetic labour: cost minimisation and the labour process in the asia pacific airline industry. Employee Relations, 27(2), 193-207.
    Sturdy, A., Grugulis, I., & Willmott, H. (2001). Customer Service. Basingstoke, England: Palgrave Macmillan.
    Stevens, C. K., & Kristof, A. L. (1995). Making the right impression: A field study of applicant impression management during job interviews. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80(1), 587-606.
    Sundaram, D. S., & Webster, C. (2000). The role of nonverbal communication in service encounters. Journal of Services Marketing, 14(5), 378-391.
    Susan, D. S. (2012). Putting on a good face: An examination of the emotional and aesthetic roots of presentational labour. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 33(1), 145-158.
    Taylor, W. (1993). Message and muscle: An interview with Swatch titan Nicolas Hayek. Harvard Business Review, 71, 98-110.
    Tracey, J. B., & Tews, M. J. (1995). Training effectiveness: Accounting for individual characteristics and the Work environment. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 36(6), 36-42.
    Tsaur, S. H., Yen, C. H., & Chen, C. L. (2010). Independent tourist knowledge and skills. Annals of Tourism Research, 37(4), 1035-1054.
    Tung, R. L. (1981). Selecting and Training of Personnel for Overseas Assignment. Columbia Journal of World Business, 16(1), 68-78.
    Van Maanen, J. (1990). The Smile factory. In P. J. Forst et al. (eds), Reframing organizational culture. Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 58-76.
    Verganti, R. (2009). Design-Driven Innovation: Changing the Rules of Competition by Radically Innovating What Things Mean. MA: Harvard Business Press.
    Visser, M. (1997). The Way We Are. Londen: Penguine.
    Vogt, W. P. (1999). Dictionary of statistics & methodology: A nontechnical guide for the social sciences(2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
    Warhurst, C., & D. Nickson, D. (2007). Employee experience of aesthetic labour in retail and hospitality. Work, Employment and Society, 21(1), 103-120.
    Warhurst, C., & Nickson, D. (2009). Who’s got the look? Emotional, aesthetic and sexualized labour in Interactive service. Gender, Work, and Organization, 16(3), 385-404.
    Warhurst, C., Broek, D., Hall, R., & Nickson, D. (2009). Lookism: The new frontier of employment discrimination? Journal of Industrial Relations, 51(1), 131-136.
    Warhurst, C., Nickson, D., & Dutton, E. (2003). Attitude and appearance in service work: survey evidence from the retail and hospitality industries. paper to ESRC Seminar on the Regulation of Service Work, Loughborough, October.
    Warhurst, C., Nickson, D., & Dutton, E. (2004). The view from the front line: student employees and aesthetic labour in retail and hospitality. Work, Employment and Society Conference, 12(1),11-27.
    Warhurst, C., Nickson, D., Witz, A., & Cullen, A. M. (2000a). Aesthetic labour: An unforeseen future of work and employment. Management Research News, 23(9-11), 154-156.
    Warhurst, C., Nickson, D., Witz, A., & Cullen, A. M. (2000b). Aesthetic labour in interactive service work: Some case study evidence from the “New” Glasgow. The Service Industries Journal, 20(3), 1-18.
    Williams, C. L., & Connell, C. (2010). Looking good and sounding right: Aesthetic labor and social inequality in the retail industry. Work and Occupations, 37(3), 349-377.
    Witz, A., Warhurst, C., & Nickson, D. (2003). The labour of aesthetics and the aesthetics of organization . Organization, 10(1), 33-54.
    Wolkowitz, C. (2006). Bodies at work. London: Sage.
    Woodruff, R. B., Ernest, R. C., & Roger, L. J. (1983). Modeling consumer satisfaction processes using experience-based norms. Journal of Marketing Research, 20(3), 296-304.
    Woodside, A. G., Frey, L. L., & Daly, R. T. (1989). Linking service quality, customer satisfaction, and behavioral intention. Journal of Health Care Marketing, 9(4), 5-17.
    Zeithaml, V. A., Berry L. L., & Parasuraman A. (1996). The behavioral consequences of service quality. Journal of Marketing, 60(2), 31-46.
    Zeithaml, V., & Bitner, M. (1996). Services Marketing. NY: McGraw-Hill.

    無法下載圖示 本全文未授權公開
    QR CODE