簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 曾柏恩
Tseng, Po-En
論文名稱: Applying Theory of Planned Behavior to Test Behavioral Intention to Work Overseas of Taiwanese Civil Engineering Students with Career Self-Efficacy as A Moderator
Applying Theory of Planned Behavior to Test Behavioral Intention to Work Overseas of Taiwanese Civil Engineering Students with Career Self-Efficacy as A Moderator
指導教授: 賴志樫
Lai, Chih-Chien
口試委員: 盧承杰
Lu, Cheng-Chieh
李栢浡
Lee, Pai-Po
賴志樫
Lai, Chih-Chien
口試日期: 2022/04/19
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 國際人力資源發展研究所
Graduate Institute of International Human Resource Developmemt
論文出版年: 2022
畢業學年度: 110
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 81
英文關鍵詞: brain drain, theory of planned behavior, career self-efficacy
研究方法: quantitative research
DOI URL: http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202200822
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:109下載:10
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • Due to the dangerous workplace, high fatigue and social prejudice, the problem of brain drain in the construction industry has become a huge problem in Taiwan for many years, and it is getting worse. Many other countries have also been affected by the same issue. Therefore, many incentives have been provided to attract migrant workers. Taiwanese government is also trying to attract migrant workers, and the construction industry has gradually depended on migrant workers. Many studies and articles have found that there is a high turnover rate of civil engineering workers and a low willingness of students to working in domestic construction. In contrast, students have been found to be more willing to work overseas or change jobs. This research took civil engineering college students as the research target, and used the theory of planning behavior to understand relationship of attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and behavioral intention, and the influences of the incentives for civil engineering talents release by various countries on Taiwan. It also examined whether career self-efficacy moderated the relationship among each variable. The survey was conducted on a quantitative approach with 244 participants who were all civil engineering university students in Taiwan. In order to examine the hypotheses, the data analysis was tested by IBM SPSS 23 and SPSS AMOS 26 The result showed that attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control was positively related to behavioral intention. Furthermore, the moderating effect of career self-efficacy was found on relationships of attitude towards behavioral intention

    CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1 Background of the Study 1 Statement of the Problems 4 Purposes of the Study 5 Questions of the Study 5 Significance of the Study 6 Delimitation of the Study 7 Definition of the Key Terms 7 CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW 9 Progress of the Number of Taiwanese Working Overseas 9 Policies and Incentives 12 Construction Labor Shortage 15 Theory of Planned Behavior 18 Career Self-Efficacy 22 CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY 27 Research Framework 27 Research Procedure 28 Participants 30 Data Collection 30 Questionnaire Design 31 Measurement Scales 31 Pilot Test 34 Data Analysis 35 CHAPTER IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 37 Descriptive Analysis 37 Confirmatory Factor Analysis 41 Relationships among Variables 43 Results of Regression Analysis 44 Significances among Control Variables 50 Summary and Discussion 51 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 55 Conclusion 55 Implication 56 Limitations and Suggestions 57 REFERENCES 61 APPENDIX A: ENGLISH LETTER AND QUESTIONNAIRE 73 APPENDIX B: CHINESE LETTER AND QUESTIONNAIRE 77 APPENDIX C: REVISED CFA MODEL 81

    Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.

    Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In: J. Kuhl & J. Beckmann (Eds), Action Control (pp. 15–38). Heidelberg, Germany: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69746-3_2

    Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T

    Ajzen, I. (2006, January). Constructing a theory of planned behavior questionnaire.
    ResearchGate.
    https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235913732_Constructing_a_Theory_of_Planed_Behavior_Questionnaire

    Ajzen, I., & Driver, B. L. (1991). Prediction of leisure participation from behavioral,
    normative, and control beliefs: An application of the theory of planned behavior. Leisure Sciences, 13(3), 185–204. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490409109513137

    Ajzen, I., & Madden, T. J. (1986). Prediction of goal-directed behavior: Attitudes, intentions, and perceived behavioral control. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 22(5), 453–474. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(86)90045-4

    Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change.
    Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191

    Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Prentice-Hall.

    Bargozzi, R. P. (1992). The self-regulation of attitudes, intentions, and behavior. Social Psychology Quarterly, 55(2), 178–204. https://doi.org/10.2307/2786945

    Betz, N. E. (1992). Counseling uses of career self-efficacy theory. The Career Development Quarterly, 41(1), 22–26. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.1992.tb00352.x

    Betz, N. E. (2000). Self-efficacy theory as a basis for career assessment. Journal of Career Assessment, 8(3), 205–222. https://doi.org/10.1177/106907270000800301
    Betz, N. E., & Hackett, G. (1981). The relationship of career-related self-efficacy
    expectations to perceived career options in college women and men. Journal of
    Counseling Psychology, 28(5), 399–410. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.28.5.399

    Betz, N. E., Hammond, M. S., & Multon, K. D. (2005). Reliability and validity of five-level response continua for the career decision self-efficacy scale. Journal of Career Assessment, 13(2), 131–149. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072704273123

    Betz, N. E., Klein, K. L., & Taylor, K. M. (1996). Evaluation of a short form of the career decision-making self-efficacy scale. Journal of Career Assessment, 4(1), 47–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/106907279600400103

    Bhandari, P. (2020, July 9). An introduction to descriptive statistics. Scribbr.
    https://www.scribbr.com/statistics/descriptive-statistics/

    Carmines, E. G., & McIver, J. P. (1981). Analyzing models with unobserved variables: Analysis of covariance structures. In G. W. Bohrnstedt, & E. F. Borgatta (Eds.), Social measurement: Current issues (pp. 65–115). Beverly Hills: Sage Publications, Inc.

    Chan, H. L. (2020, October 8). 7 Talent strategies to prevent poaching risks. Dgnet.
    http://www.dgnet.com.tw/articleview.php?article_id=14314&issue_id=2798 [text in Chinese]

    Chang, L. Y. (2006). A study on the human resource management strategy of construction companies in Taiwan [Master’s thesis, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology]. National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan.

    Chang, S. M. (2015). The influence of organization climate, human resources management mechanism on organizational commitment and turnover intention in the construction industry [Master’s thesis, Kao Yuan University]. National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan.

    Chao, W. T. (2019). Comparison of economic immigration policies between Taiwan and Japan. National Development Council. https://ws.ndc.gov.tw/001/administrator/10/relfile/0/13692/79dc2ddf-3421-42ad-92ab-3986daff541e.pdf [text in Chinese]

    Chen, C. Y., & Tsai, Y. W. (2016). The effects of employee's self-concept, positive attitude
    and professional fit on promotion opportunity in service industry. Journal of Human Resource Management, 16(2), 81–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.6147%2fJHRM.2016.1602.04

    Chen, K. L., & Li, I. H. (2018, May 18). Analyzing the brain drain in Taiwan (Part 1): What caused the loss? The differences between talent and manpower. The News Lens. https://www.thenewslens.com/article/95901 [text in Chinese]

    Chen, S., Chen, H., Ling, H., & Gu, X. (2021). How do students become good workers? Investigating the impact of gender and school on the relationship between career decision-making self-efficacy and career exploration. Sustainability 2021, 13(14), 7876. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/su13147876

    Chen, C. Y., & Tsai, Y. W. (2016). The effects of employee's self-concept, positive attitude and professional fit on promotion opportunity in service industry. Journal of Human Resource Management, 16(2), 81–114.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.6147%2fJHRM.2016.1602.04

    Chien, Y.-T. (2020, November 13). When Japan became the first choice for migrant workers. THE REPORTER. https://www.twreporter.org/a/migrant-workers-new-trends-and-signs- in-vietnam [text in Chinese]

    Chiu, L. C. (2014). A study on the overseas internship behavior for college students based on theory of planned behavior [Master’s thesis, National Chung Hsing University]. National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan.

    Chiu, L. Y. (2019, April 29). The trend of Taiwanese youth going to work in Japan. Global Views Monthly. https://www.gvm.com.tw/article/60683 [text in Chinese]

    Chou, W. T. (2014). Examining the effects of personality traits, job stress and job satisfaction on turnover intention of employees in the construction industry [Master’s thesis, National Formosa University]. National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan.

    Chuang, C. H. (2020, March 15). Is there any way for Taiwan to cope with the international competition for talent? The Storm Media. https://www.storm.mg/article/410141 [text in Chinese]
    Dai, Y. Y., Wang, C. T., Kao, S. Y., & Lee, M. J. (2012). Behavior study of water recreational activities by theory of planned behaviour-a case in Penghu. Journal of Management Practices and Principles, 6(1), 33–58. https://doi.org/10.29916/JMPP.201203.0003

    Dawson, J. F. (n.d.). Interpreting interaction effect. JeremyDawson. http://www.jeremydawson.co.uk/slopes.htm

    Dawson, J. F. (2014). Moderation in management research: What, why, when, and how. Journal of Business Psychology, 29(1), 1–19.
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-013-9308-7

    Dawson, J. F., & Richter, A. W. (2006). Probing three-way interactions in moderated multiple regression: Development and application of a slope difference test. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(4), 917–926. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.4.917

    Demarest, A. A. (2021, January 22). Are Google Forms anonymous? Here's how to enable anonymous responses and know whether yours is. INSIDER.
    https://www.businessinsider.com/are-google-forms-anonymous

    Directorate General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, Executive Yuan, (2020). Statistics on the number of Taiwanese working overseas in 2019.
    https://www.dgbas.gov.tw/public/Attachment/01217147167RLW6M7Z.pdf [text in Chinese]

    Directorate General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, Executive Yuan, (2021). Statistics on the number of Taiwanese working overseas in 2020.
    https://www.dgbas.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=47979&ctNode=5624&mp=1 [text in Chinese]

    Doanh, D. C. (2021). The moderating role of self-efficacy on the cognitive process of
    entrepreneurship: An empirical study in Vietnam. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation, 17(1), 147–174. https://doi.org/10.7341/20211715

    Engineers Times. (2020). Face up to the national security crisis of lack of work. Taiwan Professional Civil Engineers Association. http://etimes.twce.org.tw/技師報社論/3099-第1244期-社論-正視缺工之國安危機.html [text in Chinese]

    Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Addison-Wesley.

    Frishman, N. (2008). An investigation of the theory of reasoned action concerning consumer acceptance of food irradiation [Master’s thesis, Iowa State University]. Iowa State University Digital Repository.

    Gallo, A. (2017, November 30). A refresher on regression analysis. Harvard Business
    Review. https://hbr.org/2015/11/a-refresher-on-regression-analysis

    Hackett, G., & Betz, N. E. (1981). A self-efficacy approach to the career development of women. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 18(3), 326–339.
    https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(81)90019-1

    Hackett, G., Lent, R. W., & Greenhaus, J. H. (1991). Advances in vocational theory and research: A 20-year retrospective. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 38(1), 3–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(91)90015-E

    Hallgrimsson, A. G. (2016). Factors affecting attitudes and behavioral intentions toward in app mobile advertisements: A cross-cultural comparison between India and United Kingdom [Master’s thesis, Reykjavik University]. Skemman.

    Hsieh, C. H. (2019, December 8). Good talents, the whole world is robbing them! Business Today. https://www.businesstoday.com.tw/article/category/80392/post/201912080003/謝金河:好人才,全世界都在搶! [text in Chinese]

    Hsieh, C. L. (2020). The correlation research among job stress, burnout and turnover
    intention on employees in construction industry - a case of construction companies in Tainan City [Master’s thesis, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science]. National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan.

    Hsueh, C. M. (2016). A study of university students' intention to study abroad based on the theory of planned behavior [Doctoral dissertation, National Taiwan Normal University]. National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan.

    Hu, L.-T., & Bentler, P. M. (1995). Evaluating model fit. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications (pp. 76–99). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.

    Hu, W. L. (2002, August 5). Discussed the future development of Taiwan's civil engineering from the progress of the construction industry. Taiwan Professional Civil Engineers Association. www.twce.org.tw/info/技師報/295-3-1.htm [text in Chinese]

    Huang, C. H., Chen, C. T., Wang, J. Y., Hung, C. Y., & Li, C. L. (2011, June). Construction industry development overview. CNCCU - SINYI Research Center for Real Estate. https://www.ncscre.nccu.edu.tw/sites/default/files/2011_4-2.pdf

    Huang, C. K. (2012). Applying the theory of planned behavior to explore tourists’ behavioral intention toward Taiwan street food [Master’s thesis, Tung Hai University]. National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan.

    Huang, L. W., & Chang, K. L. (2020, June 9). People are not willing to engage during the epidemic, and the construction industry is seriously short of labors. PTS News. https://news.pts.org.tw/article/482372 [text in Chinese]

    Huang, T. H. (2008). Youth Development and Counselling. Wu-Nan Book Inc.
    [text in Chinese]

    Huang, Y. (2019, March 19). Japanese companies come to Taiwan to recruit, more and more Taiwanese youths go to Japan for work. Tech News.
    https://technews.tw/2019/03/19/young-taiwanese-work-in-japan-surge/

    Immigration Services Agency of Japan, (n.d.). A new status of residence “Specified Skilled Worker”. http://www.moj.go.jp/content/001318827.pdf

    Immigration Services Agency of Japan. (2019). Initiatives to accept new foreign nationals and for the realization of society of harmonious coexistence.
    http://www.moj.go.jp/isa/content/930004452.pdf

    Isaac, S., & Michael, W. B. (1995). Handbook in research and evaluation: A collection of principles, methods, and strategies useful in the planning, design, and evaluation of studies in education and the behavioral sciences (3rd ed.). EdITS Publishers.

    Japan Life Media. (2021, July 26). Understand Japan's "Specific skills visa" in 10 minutes: Apply for a work visa with a lower threshold. https://japanlifemedia.com/work/445/ [text in Chinese]

    Jen, H. L. (2005). A study on career decision-making self-efficacy, career barriers and career choices congruence of graduate students [Master’s thesis, National Chiao Tung University]. National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan.

    Jin, L., Ye, S., & Watkins, D. (2012). The dimensionality of the career decision self-efficacy scale–short form among Chinese graduate students. Journal of Career Assessment, 20(4), 520–529. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072712450492

    Kavas, A. B. (2014). A psychometric evaluation of the career decision self-efficacy scale-short form. Journal of Career Assessment, 22(2), 386–397.
    https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072713484561

    Kent State University. (2021a). SPSS tutorials: Independent samples t test.
    https://libguides.library.kent.edu/SPSS/IndependentTTest

    Kent State University. (2021b). SPSS tutorials: One-Way ANOVA.
    https://libguides.library.kent.edu/SPSS/OneWayANOVA

    Kuan, Y. H. (2012). Study on factors of career self-efficacy and career barriers of university students: A case study of National Chung Hsing University. Journal of Educational Science, 11(2), 93–117. https://doi.org/10.6388/JES.201212.0093

    Kuo, T. C., & Chang, H. Y. (2016, July 11). Tribute to brave foreigners-the challenge of working abroad: Behind an open, high-paying workplace environment, there are many sacrifices and challenges. Crossing. https://crossing.cw.com.tw/article/6672 [text in Chinese]

    Kwong, T. C. H., & Lee, M. K. O. (2002). Behavioral intention model for the exchange mode internet music piracy. Proceedings of the 35th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2481–2490.

    Lee, L. C. (1997). Sex-role, career self-efficacy, career barriers and career choice on college women [Master’s thesis, National Kaohsiung Normal University]. National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan.

    Lee, Y. H., & Chung, L. Y. (2014). Determinants of theory of planned behavior on regular exercise behavior among university students. Sports & Exercise Research, 16(1), 45–58. http //doi.org.10.1038/nbt.3935

    Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., & Hackett, G. (1994). Toward a unifying social cognitive theory of career and academic interest, choice, and performance. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 45(1), 79–122. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1994.1027

    Li, J. C. (2001). The Study of the Relationship Among Career Development Status, Career Self-Efficacy, and Career Barrier Factors in Aboriginal Undergraduates. [Master’s thesis, National Hsinchu University of Education]. National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan.

    Li, K. Y. (2021). The Role of Emotional Exhaustion on Salespersons' Job Performance as Moderated by Commensality. [Master’s thesis, National Taiwan Normal University]. National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan.

    Limayem, M., Khalifa, M., & Frini, A. (2000). What makes consumers buy from Internet? A longitudinal study of online shopping: IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics - Part A. Systems and Human, 30(4), 421–432.
    https://doi.org/10.1109/3468.852436

    Lin, H. T. (2000). Career self-efficacy. National Academy for Educational Research.
    http://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/1304195/

    Lin, L. C. (n.d.). The lack of skilled technical workers in the construction industry is urgent. iBT Magazine. http://www.ibtmag.com.tw/new_article.asp?ar_id=25864 [text in Chinese]

    Lin, P. C. (2017). The development status and trend of Taiwan’s construction industry.
    Economic Outlook Bimonthly, (174), 43–48. https://doi.org/10.30071/EOB [text in Chinese]

    Lin, S. T. (2014). The research of strategy about shortage and aging of workers in
    construction industry [Master’s thesis, National Central University]. Airiti Library.

    Lin, T. F. (2019, July 8). Faced with cultural differences when working abroad, you need to know a few things. Epoch Times. https://www.epochtimes.com/b5/19/7/7/n11370584.htm [text in Chinese]

    Ling, L. J., & Hsiao, M. L. (2019). Japanese foreign labor policy and the construction of a “Specified Skilled Worker System”: Centered on the revision of the 2018 Immigration Law. Journal of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health, 27(2), 165–196. https://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?docid=P20150527003-201906-201907150005-201907150005-165-196

    Luzzo, D. A. (1993). Value of career decision-making self-efficacy in predicting career decision-making attitudes and skills. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 40(2), 194–199. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.40.2.194

    Mahmud, M. I., Kee, C. P., Othman, Z., & Amat, S. (2020). Career self-efficacy among undergraduate student in a public university. Journal of Southeast Asia Social Sciences and Humanities, 90(3), 167–175. https://doi.org/10.17576/akad-2020-90IK3-13

    Meis, L. A., Noorbaloochi, S., Campbell, E. M. H., Erickson, E. P. G., Velasquez, T. L., Leverty, D. M., Thompson, K., & Erbes C. (2021). A Theory of planned behavior scale for adherence to trauma-focused posttraumatic stress disorder treatments. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 34(2), 440–453. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jts.22620

    Melo, S. (2018, June 15). Advantages and disadvantages of Google forms. DataScore.
    https://datascope.io/en/blog/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-google-forms/

    Ministry of Labor. (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019). Labor statistics survey.
    https://www.mol.gov.tw/statistics/19111/# [text in Chinese]

    Mohajan, H. K. (2017). Two criteria for good measurements in research: validity and
    reliability. Annals of Spiru Haret University. Economic Series, 17(4), 59–82. https://doi.org/10.26458/1746

    National Development Council. (2020). Number of migrant workers-By nationality.
    https://www.ndc.gov.tw/Content_List.aspx?n=421CC0712EC314BD [text in Chinese]

    National Statistic Republic of China (Taiwan). (2020). Overview of employment
    conditions for vacant employees in construction and engineering industry-by job category and employee size. https://www1.stat.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=46793&ctNode=4990&mp=3 [text in Chinese]

    National Statistics Republic of China (Taiwan). (2020). The 2020 manpower employment survey (Vacancy overview) report statistics table.
    https://www1.stat.gov.tw/lp.asp?CtNode=4990&CtUnit=411&BaseDSD=7&mp=34 [text in Chinese]

    Niles, S. G., & Sowa, C. J. (1992). Mapping the nomological network of career self-efficacy. The Career Development Quarterly, 41(1), 13–21.
    https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.1992.tb00351.x

    Oreshnick, C. A. (1986). The career decision-making self-efficacy scale: revision and further application [Master’s thesis, Iowa State University]. Iowa State University Digital Repository.

    Real Estate Information Platform. (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019). Housing statistics. https://pip.moi.gov.tw/V3/e/SCRE0103.aspx

    Reddan, G. (2015). Enhancing students' self-efficacy in making positive career decisions. Asia-Pacific Journal of Cooperative Education,16(4), 291–300.
    https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283097664_Enhancing_students'_self-efficacy_in_making_positive_career_decisions

    SAGE Publications. (n.d.). Learn About Hierarchical Linear Regression in SPSS With Data from Prison Inmates. SAGE Researchmethods. https://methods.sagepub.com/dataset/howtoguide/hierarchical-linear-regression-prison-inmates

    Seward, K., Wolfenden, L., Wiggers, J., Finch M., Wyse, R., Oldmeadow, C., Presseau, J., Clinton-McHarg, T., & Yoong, S. L. (2017). Measuring implementation behaviour of menu guidelines in the childcare setting: confirmatory factor analysis of a theoretical domains framework questionnaire (TDFQ). The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 14(1), 45. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-017-0499-6

    Shiu, W. C. (2008). A study on the relationships between job characteristics and turnover intention in construction industry [Master’s thesis, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology]. National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan.

    Syahidah, U., & Umasugi, F. (2021). A design of speaking assessment rubric for English immersion camp. Exposure: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, 10(1), 31–46. https://doi.org/10.26618/exposure.v10i1.4708

    Taylor, K. M., & Betz, N. E. (1983). Applications of self-efficacy theory to the understanding and treatment of career indecision. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 22(1), 63–81.
    https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(83)90006-4

    Taylor, S. A., & Todd, P. A. (1995). Understanding information technology usage: A test of competing models. Information Systems Research, 6(2), 144–176.
    https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.6.2.144

    Tsai, M. C. (2017). Senior citizen's intentions to continue working-A perspective of theory of planned behavior [Master’s thesis, National Pingtung University]. National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan.

    Tsai, M. H. (2012). The relationship among career self-efficacy, career adaptability and human capital-A case study of voluntary military facing retirement [Master’s thesis, Tamkang University]. Airiti Library.

    Tseng, P. E., & Lai, C. C. (2021, June 18). Differences of immigration act for blue-collar workers and related issues between Japan and Taiwan. Paper presented at the 2021 Conference of Business Management in National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan.

    Wang, L., & Wang L. (2015). Using theory of planned behavior to predict the physical
    activity of children: Probing gender differences. BioMed Research International, 2015(4), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/536904

    Wang, W. H., & Liu, Y. J. (2009, February 24). Attitude, behavioral intention and usage: An empirical study of Taiwan railway’s internet ticketing system. National Taiwan Ocean University Research Hub. https://scholars.ntou.edu.tw/handle/123456789/18974

    Weerasinghe, C. A. K., & Kumar, S. (2014). Intention to pursue overseas jobs among
    university students and graduates: A case study from University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. Tropical Agricultural Research, 26(1), 94–108.
    https://doi.org/10.4038/tar.v26i1.8075

    Wheaton, B. (1987). Assessment of fit in overidentified models with latent variables.
    Sociological Methods & Research, 16(1), 118–154.
    https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124187016001005

    Worklife in Japan. (2017, October 16). Survey of Taiwanese in Japan in 2017 What trends are necessary to know about working and living in Japan? Crossing.
    https://crossing.cw.com.tw/article/8769 [text in Chinese]

    Wu, B. X. (2017). The relationships between career decision making self-efficacy and career engagement: The mediating role of career adaptability and career resilience. [Master’s thesis, National Taiwan Normal University]. National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan.

    Yang, S. H., Tien, H. L., Wu, H. L., & Chu, H. C. (2015). The relationship among career self efficacy, career adaptability and work adjustment of adult workers in Taiwan. The Journal of Guidance & Counseling, 37(1), 21–42. https://doi.org/10.7040/JGC

    Yen, C. C. (2021, June 1). What changes can be made to Taiwan’s "migrant policy" as the international talents poaching and the rise of human rights. The News Lens. https://www.thenewslens.com/article/151771 [text in Chinese]

    Yongxi-stat. (2020, August 26). Factor analysis-factor loading standard.
    https://www.yongxi-stat.com/factor-loading/

    Yurtkoru, S. E., Dauda, E., & and Sekarawisut, W. (2017). The theory of planned behavior augmented with cognitive cultural intelligence and work-related perceptions in predicting intention to work abroad. Journal of Advanced Management Science, 5(3), 176–181. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/joams.5.3.176-181

    下載圖示
    QR CODE