本論文以旻娜洛伊的包厘街詩為焦點來彰顯貫穿在其晚期作品中的匱乏詩學。學術論述已在洛伊早期詩作中針對女性主體與語言創新上的翻新著墨許多，但洛伊在晚期詩作中轉向包厘街上的貧困個體，這與整體的創作母題相去甚遠，也因而使這階段的作品失去學術興趣與展現潛值的平臺。有鑑於此，本論文檢視洛伊包厘街詩中的邊緣個體以展示匱乏詩學為一股協商理解現代性替代路徑的翻新力。

This thesis focuses on Mina Loy’s Bowery poetry to call for attention to the poetics of poverty that permeates in her late works. Criticism has spilled much ink on the fashionability female subjectivity and language in Loy’s early poetry. Her turn to the destitute individuals in the Bowery departs greatly from her established oeuvre and loses academic interests in her late poetry. Such a loss fails to see the promise within her late works adequately. Therefore, this thesis attends to marginal individuals in Loy’s Bowery poetry to demonstrate a poetics of poverty as an elevated form her fashionability that negotiates alternative trajectories in the comprehension of modernity.

Ades, Dawn. “Photography and the Surrealist Text.” L’Amour Fou: Photography and Surrealism. Eds. Rosalind Kraus, Jane Livingston, and Dawn Ades. New York: Abbeville, 1985. 155-94. Print.
Aristotle. On Poetics. Trans. Seth Benardete and Michael Davis. South Bend: St. Augustine’s P, 2002. Print.
Armstrong, Tim. “Loy and Cornell: Christian Science and the Destruction of the World.” The Salt Companion to Mina Loy. Ed. Rachel Potter and Suzanne Hobson. Cambridge: Salt, 2010. 204-19. Print.
Badger, Anthony J. The New Deal: The Depression Years, 1933-1940. New York: Starus & Giroux, 1989. Print.
Bakhtin, Mikhail. Rabelais and His World. Trans. Helene Iswolsky. Cambridge: MIT P, 1968. Print.
---. The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays. Ed. Michael Holquist. Trans. Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquist. Austin: U of Texas P, 1981. Print.
Bowlby, Rachel. “Commerce and Femininity.” Just Looking: Consumer Culture in Dreiser, Gissing and Zola. New York: Methuen, 1985. 18-34. Print.
Burke, Carolyn. Becoming Modern: The Life of Mina Loy. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 1996. Print.
Burstein, Jessica. “Loy, INC.” 151-98 Cold Modernism: Literature, Fashion and Art. University Park: Pennsylvania State UP, 2012. 151-96. Print.
---. “Modernism and the Little Black Dress.” 125-50. Print.
Crangle, Sara. “Mina Loy.” A History of Modernist Poetry. ed. Alex Davis and Lee M. Jenkins. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2015.
Dunn, Susan E. “‘Travestied Flesh’: Fashion, Modernism, and the Avant-Garde.” Opposed Aesthetics: Mina Loy, Modernism, and the Avant-Garde. Dissertation U of Wisconsin-Madison, 1995. Print.
---. “Fashion Victims: Mina Loy’s Travesties.” Stanford University Review. Vol.7.1, n.p. 1999.
Egan, Deidre. “Mina Loy’s Modern Long Poem: New York and the Compensations of Poverty.” Literature Compass (2009). 968-988. Print.
---. From Bower to Bowery: Urban Spatial Re-form and the Writing of a Marginal Modernity. Dissertation University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2003. 11-16. Print.
Erichsen, Ulrike. “Smiling in the Face of Adversity: How to Use Humour to Defuse Cultural Conflict.” Cheeky Fictions: Laughter and the Postcolonial. Ed. Susanne Reichl and Mark Stein. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2005. 27-41. Print.
Finnegan, Cara A. Picturing Poverty: Print Culture and FSA Photographs. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books, 2003.
Foster, Hal. “Violation and Veiling in Surrealist Photography: Woman as Fetish, as Shattered Object, as Phallus.” Surrealism: Desire Unbound. Ed. Jennifer Mundy. Princeton: Princeton UP, 2002. 203-25. Print.
Foucault, Michel. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Trans. Alan Sheridan. New York: Vintage Books, 1995. Print.
Freud, Sigmund. “Humour.” The International Journal of Psycho-Analysis. IX.1 (1928): 1-6. Print.
---. Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious. Trans. James Strachey. New York: Norton, 1960. Print.
Frost, Elizabeth. “Introduction.” The Feminist Avant-Garde in American Poetry. Iowa: U of Iowa P, 2005. Print.
Goody, Alex. “Carnival Bodies, the Grotesque, and Becoming Animal.” Modernist Articulations: A Cultural Study of Djuna Barnes, Mina Loy and Gertrude Stein. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007. Print.
Harris, Rowan. “Futurism, Fashion, and the Feminine: Forms of Repudiation and Affiliation in the Early Writing of Mina Loy.” The Salt Companion to Mina Loy. Ed. Rachel Potter and Suzanne Hobson. London: Salt Publishing, 2010. 17-46. Print.
Hobson, Suzzane. “Mina Loy’s ‘Conversion’ and the Profane Religion of her Poetry.” The Salt Companion to Mina Loy. Ed. Rachel Potter and Suzanne Hobson. Cambridge: Salt, 2010. 248-65. Print.
Iarocci, Louisa. The Urban Department Store in America, 1850-1930. Burlington: Ashgate Publishing, 2014. Print.
Januzzi, Marisa. Reconstru[ing] Scar[s]: Mina Loy and the Matter of Modernist Poetics. Dissertation Columbia University, 1997. Print
Kayser, Wolfgang. The Grotesque in Art and Literature. trans. Ulrich Weisstein. New York: Columbia UP, 1995. Print.
Kinnahan, Linda A. “‘The Full of My Freed Voice’: Williams and Loy, Feminism and the Feminine.” Poetics of the Feminine: Authority and Literary Tradition in William Carlos Williams, Mina Loy, Denise Levertov, and Kathleen Fraser. Cambridge: Cambridge UP. 1994. 19-64. Print.
---. “Economics and Gender in Mina Loy, Lola Ridge, and Marianne Moore.” The Oxford Handbook of Modern and Contemporary American Poetry. Ed. Cary Nelson. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2012. 143-72. Print.
---. “Portraits of the Poor: The Bowery Poems and the Rise of Documentary Photography.” Mina Loy, Twentieth-Century Photography, and Contemporary Women Poets. New York: Routledge, 2017. 123-69. Print.
---. “Surrealism and the Female Body: Economies of Violence.” 74-122. Print.
Kouidis, Virginia M. Mina Loy: American Modernist Poet. London: Louisiana State UP, 1980. Print.
Kuhn, Annette. The Power of Image: Essays in Representation and Sexuality. London: Routledge, 1985. Print.
Lin, Carol Yi-Wei. “Abjection and Transgression: A Psychoanalytical Reading of Mina Loy’s Poetics.” MA Thesis Fu Jen Catholic University, 2006. Print.
Loy, Mina. The Lost Lunar Baedeker. Ed. Roger Conover. Manchester: Carcanet, 1996.
Martin, Richard. Fashion and Surrealism. New York: Rizzoli. 1987. Print
Miller, Caroline Georgiana. “Abstract Concrete: Experimental Poetry in Post-WWII New York City.” Doctoral Dissertation University of Michigan, 2011. 30-32. Print.
Miller, Michael B. “Introduction.” The Bon Marché: Bourgeois Culture and the Department Store, 1869-1920. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1981. 3-18. Print.
Miller, Tyrus. Late Modernism: Politics, Fictions and the Arts Between the World Wars. Berkeley: U of California P, 1999.
Pujol, Michéle. “Into the Margin!” Out of the Margin: Feminist Perspective on Economics. Ed. Edith Kuiper and Jolande Sap. New York: Routledge, 1995. Print.
Reid, Cobey Emmerson. “Mina Loy’s Design Flaws.” FACS. Vol. 10. n.p., 2007-2008. 130-136.
Rueb, Emily S. “New York City History, as Told by 50 Bowery.” New York Times, 12 Feb. 2016. Web. 9 Feb. 2018.
Schalm, Karin. “Exceptionalism of Mina Loy and the Gender Politics of Canon Formation.” MA Thesis University of Montana, 1998.
Shreiber, Maeera. “Divine Women, Fallen Angels: The Late Devotional Poetry on Mina Loy. Mina Loy: Woman and the Poet. Ed. Maeera Shreiber and Keith Tuma. Orono: National Poetry Foundation, 1988. Print.
Smith, Andrew and Jeff Wallace. Gothic Modernisms. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2001. Print.
Stott, William. Documentary Expression and Thirties America. Illinois: U of Chicago P, 1986.
Todd, Ellen Wiley. The New Woman Revised: Painting and Gender Politics on Fourteenth Street. Oxford: U of California P, 1993. Print.
Wilson, Robert. “Play, Transgression and Carnival: Bakhtin and Derrida on Scriptor Ludens.” Mosaic 19.1 (1986): 73-89. Print.
Wolfe, Gerald R. New York: A Guide to the Metropolis. New York: New York UP, 1975. Print.