羅伯特・亞歷山大・舒曼（Robert Alexander Schumann, 1810-1856）是十九世紀浪漫樂派重要的德國作曲家，從小在書香門第的環境中受到文學薰陶，細膩的感知感受和富有想像力的藝術潛能，深深影響其創作手法和音樂風格。
本論文探討鋼琴作品《狂歡節──四個音符的小景》（Carnival: Scenes mignonnes sur quatre notes, Op. 9, 1834-1835），是舒曼音樂與文學結合的代表作品之一，組曲中二十個附上標題的小品，都有獨到的風格和特色，包含舒曼代表性的雙重性格人物，如第五首敏感脆弱的奧塞比斯（Eusebius）和第六首熱情激進的佛羅倫斯坦（Florestan）。此外，舒曼也巧妙地運用曾經的愛人艾妮斯汀娜（Ernestine von Fricken, 1816-1844）的家鄉小鎮名「阿許」（ASCH）中的四個字母，作為曲中不同組合的文字動機。這些創作風格與特色手法，皆可窺探舒曼的內心世界，亦全然訴諸於音樂之中，使《狂歡節》整套組曲富含多彩的音樂內容。
本論文共分為五個章節，第一章為緒論，介紹研究動機以及研究方法與範圍；第二章概述舒曼的生平和文學背景；第三章整理舒曼鋼琴曲的創作特點，並藉由對《狂歡節》的創作起源和音樂特色做進一步的探究；最後一章則分析演奏詮釋。

Robert Alexander Schumann（1810-1856）r, an important German composer of the Romantic Period, was inspired by literature in his life. The delicate sensibility and imaginative artistry influence his compositional techniques and musical styles.
This paper will explore the piano work "Carnival: Scenes mignonnes sur quatre notes, Op. 9, 1834-1835", one of Schumann's representative works combining music and literature. There are twenty pieces with titles in this set, each of them has its own styles and distinctive features which reveals Schumann's multiple personalities. His famous pseudonyms are presented by the sensitive Eusebius in No.5 and the enthusiastic Florestan in No.6. In addition, Schumann cleverly used the four letters "ASCH", which is the name of his former lover Ernestine von Fricken’s (1816-1844) hometown, as motives for three different combinations in the whole set. These creative styles and characteristic techniques provide a glimpse of Schumann's inner world, and they are also fully applied in music, making the whole set of "Carnival" rich in musical contents.
This thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, which includes reserch motives and methods. The second chapter outlines Schumann's life and literary background. In the third chapter, I will sort out the creative features of Schumann's piano pieces and further explore the origin and musical characteristics of "Carnival". The last chapter analyzes the interpretation of performance practice in this piece.

樂譜：
Schumann, Robert. Carnival op.9, ed. by Alfred Cortot. Paris: Editions Salabert, 1946.
中文書目：
陳玉芸。《舒曼鋼琴代表作研究》臺北市：全音出版社，1991。
方之文。《舒曼:詩的音樂、音樂的詩》。臺北：世界文物出版社，2001。
林公欽。《舒曼鋼琴曲集》。臺北：:四章堂文化事業，2005。
Dowley, Tim.《偉大曲家羣像：舒曼》(Schumann).朱健慧譯。臺北市:智庫
Ostwald, Peter F.《魔鬼的顫音一舒曼的一生》(Schumann:Music and Madness)。張海燕 譯。臺北市：高談文化，2006。
Chissell, Joan.《舒曼鋼琴音樂》(Schumann Piano Music)。苦僧 譯。臺北：世界文物出版社, 1997。
Reich, Nancy B.《克拉拉・舒曼》。陳秋萍、游淑峰 譯。臺北市：高談文化，2004。
期刊雜誌：
沈雕龍。〈音樂中的文學，鋼琴個性小品中的詩意〉。《Muzik古典樂刊》No.98(六月號，2015)：35-43。
李欣恬。〈黯鬱與狂躁天使與魔鬼之舞一舒曼〉。《Muzik古典樂刊》N.78 (八月號，2013)，32-37。
邱映潔。〈舒曼繾綣兩百年的敏感與浪漫一關於他的人生與作品〉。《表演藝術》No.209 (2010) : 26-28。
王明雯、林亮吟。〈御風而行一一個藝術家躁鬱症狀與創作生涯的發展脈絡之研究〉。國立台東大學特殊教育學系、特殊教育中心《東臺灣特殊教育學報》民106,19期：87-108。
王浩威，〈心靈的表演〉，表演藝術雜誌，2004，8-9。
黃少亭〈由舒曼《狂歡節》的創作背景解析其作品內涵〉，《華岡藝術學報》，第七期，2003，125。
中文學術論文：
沈雕龍。〈固定樂思:白遼士執念的樂音實踐〉。國立臺灣師範大學碩士論文，2008。
陳怡孜。〈舒曼狂歡節作品之探討〉。國立中山大學碩士論文, 2003。
王玟迪。〈舒曼狂歡節作品九之分析與詮釋〉。國立臺灣師範大學碩士論文，2006。
西文書目：
Bedford, Herbert. Schumann: His Life and Work. London: Kegan Paul, 1925.
Blume, Friedrich. Classic and Romantic Music. New York: W.W Norton and Company, 1970.
Daverio, John and Sams, Eric. Robert Schumann. In New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 2nd ed., ed. by Stanley Sadie. New York: Grove, 2001.
Daverio, John. Robert Schumann, Herald of a “New Poetic Age.” New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
Fuller-Maitland, John Alexander. Schumann. New York: Cambridge, 2009.
Jessen, Erick Frederick. Explicating Jean Paul: Robert Schumann’s Program for Papplions, op.2, 19th Xxii Music, no.2, 1998.
Jamison, K. R. Touched with fire: Manic- depressive illness and the artistic temperament. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996.
Burton, Anna. Letter of 27 July 1832, Robert Schumann, Jugendbriefe, ed. Clara
Schumann. Leipzig, 1886.
Niecks, Frederick. Robert Schumann. U.S.A.: J. M. Dent and Sons, 1925.
Ostwald, Peter F. Schumann: The Inner Voices of a Musical Genius. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1985.
Plantinga, Leon. Romantic Music: A History of Musical Style in Nineteenth-Century Europe. New York: W.W. Norton, 1984.
Pleasants, Henry. Schumann on Music. New York: Dover Publications, 1965.
Reiman, Erika. Schumann's Piano Cycles and the Novels of Jean Paul. New York: University of Rochester Press, 2004.
Reich, Nancy B. Clara Schumann: The Artist and the Women. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2001.
Stewart, Gordon. A History of Keyboard Literature: Music: Music for the Piano and its Forerunners. Belmont: Schirmer, 1996.
Todd, R. Larry, Schumann and the Marketplace: From Butterflies to Hausmusik, in Nineteenth-Century Piano Music. New York: Routledge, 2004.
—, Schumann and His World. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1994.
Taylor, Ronald. Robert Schumann: His Life and Work. New York: Universe Books, 1982.
Wasielewski, Wilhelm Joseph von. Life of Robert Schumann trans. Abby Lamgdon Alger German : O. Ditson, 1871.
有聲資料：
Cziffra, Gyorgy(2009). Schumann – Piano Works. Archipel Records. 4035122403862, CD.
Kissin, Evgeny(2001). Schumann: Piano Sonata Op.11 & Carnival Op.9. RCA. 0090266388523, CD.