2014年雨傘運動是香港回歸後最大規模的突發性社會運動。該運動結合虛擬空間的動員和實質空間的佔領，佔領時間長達79天，成為回歸後新型社會運動。香港主流報紙的報導和雨傘運動核心組織的社群媒體《臉書》貼文，均對雨傘運動議題表達高度關注，並透過框架的使用對該運動進行報導和闡釋，以影響受眾對於該運動的認知。

本研究目的在於透過框架概念，比較分析運動組織者社群媒體和主流報紙的框架使用，以瞭解兩類媒體之間在框架使用上的關聯性，進而驗證雨傘運動中是否存在跨媒體議題設定效果。本研究採用內容分析法，分析雨傘運動核心組織「學民思潮」、「學聯」和「佔中組織」所設立的三個社群媒體《臉書》的貼文內容，以及《蘋果日報》、《明報》和《大公報》等三家立場不同的主流報紙的社論、新聞報導、專題等內容，以瞭解兩類媒體在消息來源、立場和框架使用情形。另比較兩類媒體在不同階段中框架使用的互動關係，以瞭解是否存在跨媒體議題設定效果。本研究另亦透過深度訪談，以瞭解雨傘運動決策機制、組織者運用社群媒體的情況，以及對主流報紙報導和的看法。

研究結果發現，雨傘運動核心組織的社群媒體與主流報紙之間在框架使用上呈現部分跨媒體流動現象。此外，階段一的主流報紙對於階段二社群媒體的框架使用具有跨媒體議題設定的效果，但社群媒體對於主流報紙則不具議題設定效果。

The 2014 Hong Kong Umbrella Movement is the largest unplanned social movement since its handover to China in 1997. It is also a new style of social movement through combing virtual mobilization and physical occupation for 79 days. The mainstream newspapers and the core Umbrella Movement organisers express their concerns about the Movement respectively through their reportage and the posts of social media Facebook. The two media also use frames to report and explain the Movement to influence the acknowledgement of the public on the Movement.
The purpose of this study is to compare and analyse the frames used by the social movement orgainisations on social media vis-à-vis mainstream newspapers to understand their correlation in order to further verify the effects of intermedia agenda-setting in Umbrella Movement.

This study uses content analysis to analyse the Facebook post of the three social media accounts run by the main Movement organisers “Scholarism”, “HKFS” and “OCLP”, as well as the editorials, news coverage, the feature articles, etc., of three mainstream newspapers: Apple Daily, Ming Pao and Ta Kung Po, to understand the interaction between the two media in the citation of information sources, position expressions and frame use. This study also compares the interaction between the use of frame of the two media in different stages of the Movement. In-depth interviews are also conducted in the study in order to understand the decision-making mechanism of the Movement, how the organisers used social media and their views on the mainstream newspapers.

The results of the study show that an intermedia flow phenomenon exists partially between the social media and the mainstream newspapers in the usage of frames. The mainstream newspapers in Stage One can set the agenda of the social media in Stage Two, yet the social media cannot set the agenda for the mainstream newspapers in the whole process.

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學位論文
李金山（2000）。《許佑生同性婚禮新聞之框架、框架化及讀者詮釋分析》。世新大學傳播研究所碩士論文。未出版。
李嘉紘 (2013)。《原生網路新聞網站新聞產製研究—從新聞價值與消息來源面向探討》。國立台灣藝術大學廣播電視學系碩士論文。未出版。
吳立婷 (2007)。《政治人物形象與媒體框架研究 -以報紙報導謝長廷為例》。世新大學公共關係暨廣告研究所碩士論文。未出版。
吳芳如(2002)。消息來源、新聞框架與媒介真實之建構: 以政黨輪替後之核四爭議案為例。世新大學傳播研究所碩士論文。未出版。
何國華(2011)。《網路民主與公民社會—以2008總統大選公民提問議題為研究脈絡》。國立臺灣師範大學政治學研究所博士論文。未出版。
邱宜儀(2008)。《「名人政治」的新聞框架－馬英九不同從政時期新聞報導之比較》。國立政治大學傳播學院碩士論文。未出版。
邱健倫(2009)。《有線電視新聞議題設定效果之研究-以2008年台灣總統選舉為例》。銘傳大學播管理研究所碩士論文。未出版。
林常富(2008)。《電視新聞框架研究: 以電視新聞報導集會遊行事件為例》。國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。未出版。
胡晉翔(1994)。《大眾傳播與社會運動: 框架理論的觀點》。國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。未出版。
徐德輝(2011)。《社群媒體使用者滿意度影響因素之研究—以Facebook 為例》。國立高雄應用科技大學資訊管理系碩士論文。未出版。
張志宇(2004)。《『一國兩制』理論與實踐-香港回歸六年來的檢證》。淡江大學中國大陸研究所碩士論文。未出版。
張建家(2009)。《網路時代的消息來源與記者互動關係研究—以新竹縣政府為例》。世新大學新聞學研究所碩士論文。未出版。
張瑜芳(2016)。《2014年臺北市長選舉跨媒體議題設定研究—以柯文哲與連勝文臉書為例》。國立台灣大學新聞研究所碩士論文。未出版。
陳一香（1988）。《電視爭議性新聞之消息來源特性及其處理方式與訊息導向之分析》。國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。未出版。
陳芸芸(1999)。《議題設定理論的第二層次分析: 以台北公娼存廢議題為例》。國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。未出版。
陳蔚承(2012)。《實名制、網路社會運動與網路人際關係之初探: 以Facebook 個人網頁討論士林王家「文林苑」都更案為例》。淡江大學大眾傳播學研究所碩士論文。未出版。
許傳陽(1992)。《大眾傳播媒介與社會運動: 一個議題傳散模式的初探-以宜蘭反六輕設廠運動之新聞報導為例》。國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。未出版。
莊鄧莉萍(2018)。《從社會運動理論看香港民主化發展之研究—以雨傘運動為例》。中國文化大學國家發展與中國大陸研究所碩士論文。未出版。
喻靜媛（1994）。《記者與消息來源互動關係與新聞處理方式之關聯性研究》。國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。未出版。
黃美惠（2001）。《媒介建構之女性參政框架－以副總統呂秀蓮的報導為例》。淡江大眾傳播研究所碩士論文。未出版。
黃俞儒 (2013)。《社會運動中的跨媒體議題設定：以文林苑為例》。世新大學公共關係暨廣告學系碩士論文。未出版。
黃毓茹(2006)。《2005 年縣市長與縣市議員選舉候選人網站與部落格分析》。國立政治大學廣告研究所碩士論文。未出版。
鄭彙翰( 2010)。《Web2.0 網路輔助新聞報導》。台灣大學新聞研究所碩士論文。未出版。
劉蕙苓（1989）：〈報紙消息來源人物之背景與被處理方式之分析〉。國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。未出版。
蘇湘琦 (1994)。《媒介對不同政策性議題建構的理論初探 : 以「彰濱工業區開發」和「黑名單開放」為例》。國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。未出版。
蘇惠君（2006）。《新聞記者與網路消息來源互動之初探--以BBS為例》。國立台灣大學新聞研究所碩士論文。未出版。

會議論文
李明穎（2008 年）。〈網路潛水之民主意涵探討〉。發表於「2008 年傳播與科技研 討會」，新竹。
何明修、黃俊豪(2012)。〈第二次政黨輪替後的社會運動復甦：政治機會結構的觀點〉，發表於「2012 台灣社會學年會暨國科會專題研究成果發表會」，台北市：東海大學。
何國華(2007)。〈公民記者對傳統媒體之挑戰〉，中華傳播學會2007年年會論文。
汪子錫 (2013)。〈警察執法與社群媒體策略運用模式探析〉。發表於通識教育教學與人文學術研討會， 2013年11月5日。桃園：中央警察大學通識教育中心。
邱惠恩(2011)。〈另類媒體的議題溢散效果--以苗栗大埔農地徵收事件為例〉，發表於中華傳播學會2011年年會，新竹：交通大學。
馬綺韓、王維菁、陳釗偉 (2012)。〈社會運動網路運用之困擾: 以台灣環境運動為例〉，發表於中華傳播學會2012年年會，台中：靜宜大學。
張玉涵(1999)。〈媒介議題與網路公眾議題之間相似性探討—以BBS政治版為例〉﹐發表於中華傳播學會1999年年會，新竹縣。
陳貴琳 (2013)。〈新興社會運動之研究 －以白玫瑰運動為例〉，發表於第五屆研究發展年會，台北：政治大學。
臧國仁(1998)。〈新聞報導的真實建構: 新聞框架的觀點〉。發表於中華傳播學會1998年年會，台北縣：深坑。
鄧麗萍 (2003)。〈誰來主導媒介議題? 探討八卦雜誌與主流報紙之間的議題傳散〉。發表於中華傳播學會2003年年會，台北市。

研究報告
安碧芸 (2006)。《跨媒體議題設定研究: 誰設定台灣媒體議題》。朝陽科技大學委託研究計畫成果報告。台中: 朝陽科技大學。
周韻采、陳俊明 (2010)。《政府重大議題網路輿論趨勢調查研究：以死刑為例》研究計畫。行政院研究發展考核委員會。

網路文章
王蕾 (2001) 。〈對網絡傳播的探索〉。《傳媒透視》，2001年8月15日。【線上資料】，2018年5月31日取自： https://app3.rthk.hk/mediadigest/content.php?aid=1596。
李學賢, 譚曉詠, 楊景麟, 葉梓頴、蘇鑰機 (2015)。〈社交新聞媒體在佔領運動的角色〉。《傳媒透視》，2015年1月21日。【線上資料】， 2018年6月3日取自：https://app3.rthk.hk/mediadigest/content.php?aid=1990。
香港中文大學傳播與民意調查中心 (2016)。《市民使用傳統媒體與新媒體的情況》。【線上資料】，2018年7月31日取自：http://www.com.cuhk.edu.hk/ccpos/b5/　research/New% 20Media_Survey%20Results_2016_CHI.pdf。
香港警務處(2018)。〈統計數字--公眾活動統計數字〉。香港警務處網頁。2018年6月30日取自：https://www.police.gov.hk/ppp_tc/09_statistics/。
突破機構(2017)。〈青少年對兩制落實與港獨意見研究〉。【線上資料】， 2018年7月30日取自：https://www.breakthrough.org.hk/ir/Research/60_HKIndep_2017/figure. pdf 。
馬偉傑、周展樑、葉詩穎、伍淑冰、梁俊仁(2016)。〈2016年度新聞與社交媒體使用行為調查〉。《傳媒透視》，2016年9月21日。【線上資料】， 2018年7月30日取自： https://app3.rthk.hk/mediadigest/content.php?aid=2084。
陳滔文、李立峯(2012)。〈反國教運動與政治傳播的動向〉。《傳媒透視》，2012年9月號。【線上資料】， 2018年6月30日取自：https://app3.rthk.hk/　mediadigest/downloads/201209.pdf。
梁振英，〈行政長官記者會開場發言〉，《香港特區政府新聞處新聞稿》，2014年 9月28日。【線上資料】，2018年7月20日取自：https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/ 201409/28/P201409280680.htm。
馮可強(2015)。〈60年代——香港現代學運和社運的萌芽〉，《灼見名家》，【線上資料】，2018年11月23日取自：https://www.master-insight.com/60年代-香港現代學運和社運的萌芽/。
褚瑞婷(2014)。〈探究社群媒體在社會運動中的運作方式與影響力〉。《國政分析》，2014年9月16日。【線上資料】，2018年10月23日取自：https://www.npf.org.tw/3/14132。
駱頴佳 (2016)。〈從佔領運動看空間政冶的情感轉向〉。張少強、陳嘉銘、梁啟智（主編），《香港社會文化系列》。【線上資料】，2018年5月6日取自：http://jcmotion. com.cuhk.edu.hk。
樹仁大學新聞與傳播學系網絡傳播研究中心 (2016)。〈新聞與社交媒體使用行為調查2016〉，《傳媒透視》。【線上資料】，2018年5月1日取自：https://app3.rthk.hk/ mediadigest/media/pdf/pdf_ 1474450453.pdf 。

報紙文章
李立峯(2015)。〈社交媒體影響了誰？ 再談Facebook 與政改民意〉。《明報》， 2015年7月30日，版A34。
高洛文（2014）。〈社交媒體的佔領運動〉，《信報財經新聞》，2014年12月15日，版A22。
 
英文部分

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