十九世紀中葉，中英關係劇烈變動，西方博物學亦面臨重要轉型。本文考察身兼博物學家與英國駐臺外交官的郇和，如何側身於十九世紀中英關係與自然學術發展，藉以勾勒出一位西方博物學者在東方從事自然考察的身影。

1836年，郇和（也被稱為史溫侯）出生於印度加爾各答，在英國度過求學階段。1854年英國駐華選拔制度改革，郇和因而有機會赴華擔任外交官，在香港、廈門工作。1860年第二次英法聯軍之役，郇和作為翻譯，同英國軍隊深入華北。戰後，郇和被派往臺灣任職，協助開港通商。不過，郇和卸下臺灣一職後，任所漂浮不定，先後被派往澎湖群島、海南島、張家口和長江上游考察。1877年，郇和不幸於四十一歲英年早逝。

十九世紀中葉，西方博物學發生重大突破，意即西方博物學朝著近現代自然科學發展。當時學界不但發行採集須知，將研究材料規格化與過程標準化，亦有達爾文發表《物種源起》（On the Origin of Species），提供學界耳目一新的單一起源論，衝擊舊日的多元起源論。與此同時，郇和因執行外交任務而走遍中國大江南北，觀察與搜集了各地的人類和動物，為西方博物學留下了彌足珍貴的一頁。

在人類研究上，郇和響應當代英國學者提議的研究途徑，盡其所能提供真實的東亞人類田調記錄。郇和撰寫的臺灣、海南原住民考察文章，分別反映普列哈特與赫胥黎的田調指示。在動物學上，郇和提倡田野現場的重要性。郇和在文章中，時常描寫動物的習性和動作，以跳脫以觀察動物標本為主的動物學研究傳統。也就是說，郇和對上述學術領域規範的服從程度，不能一概而論。一方面，他之所以服膺人類學門的規矩，是因為用於研究人類的材料，多半仰賴採集人在田野觀察到的事實；另一方面，他之所以反抗動物學陳規，是因為他認為，僅見於田野的研究材料不被英國本土動物學者重視。因此，田野經驗能否受到看重，成為郇和挑戰該學術領域與否的關鍵要素。郇和自詡為田野型博物學者，自認不同於坐在歐洲研究小間的櫥櫃型博物學者。

總而言之，本文同意郇和對自身的評價。郇和並非傳統定義下的採集人或博物學者，實為採集與研究並行的田野型博物學者。也就是說，本文將不同於傳統博物學史以權威學者為主角的研究取徑，改以重建郇和的生命經歷為討論核心。郇和在從事博物學工作時，面臨什麼樣的學術氛圍與如何在東亞進行田野採集；更重要的是，擁有長期田野工作經驗的郇和，如何對當時西方博物學界提出回應與挑戰。

一、史料
中文
清・明誼修，張岳松纂，《瓊州府志》，影印光緒十六年補刊本，臺北：成文出版社，1967。
清・傅恒等奉敕撰，門慶安等繪，《皇清職貢圖》，乾隆嘉慶年間本，劍橋：哈佛大學燕京圖書館藏，https://reurl.cc/0zbq56，擷取日期：2019年12月18日。
英文
Adams, Arthur, William Balfour Baikie, and Charles Barron (ed.). A Manual of Natural History for the Use of Travelers; Being a Description of the Families of the Animal and Vegetable Kingdom: Remarks on the Practical Study of Geology and Meteorology, London: John Van Voorst, 1854.
Alexander, Wylie. 1815-1887, Memorials of Protestant Missionaries to the Chinese given a list of their publications and obituary notices of the deceased, with copious indexes, Shanghae: American Presbyterian Mission Press, 1867.
Bernard, William Dallas. Narrative of the voyages and services of the Nemesis, from 1840 to 1843 and of the combined naval and military operations in China: comprising a complete account of the colony of Hong Kong, and remarks on the characters and habits of the Chinese, London: Henry Colburn, 1844.
“Births- Robert Swinhoe,” Asiatic Journal [London], 1 March, 1837, p. 190.
“Births- Robert Swinhoe,” The Friend of India [Calcutta], 8 September, 1836, p. 286.
Britain's Foreign Office Documents 17.
Britain's Foreign Office Documents 228.
Busk, George. “Notes on the Cranial and Dental Characters of the Northern and Southern Tigers and Leopards of China as Affording Marks of Their Specific Distribution,” Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, (1874), pp. 146-150.
“North China Branch of The Royal Asiatic Society,” The North - China Herald and Supreme Court & Consular Gazette (1870-1941) [ Shanghai], 24 January 1878, p. 8.
Cull, Richard. “Sketch of the Recent Progress of Ethnology,” Journal of the Ethnological Society of London (1848-1856), Vol.4 (1856), pp. 104-119.
Graves, George. Naturalist’s Pocket-Books or Tourist’s Companion, London: Printed for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown, 1818.
Hart, Robert. Entering China's Service: Robert Hart's Journals, 1854-1863, Cambridge, Harvard University Asia Center, 1987.
Herschel, John Fedrick William (ed.). The manual of scientific enquiry: prepared for the use of Her Majesty’s Navy and adapted for travelers in general, London: John Murray, 1849.
Hodgkin, Thomas and Richard Cull. “A Manual of Ethnological Inquiry,” Journal of the Ethnological Society of London (1848-1856), Vol.3 (1854), pp. 193-208.
Holmes and Co (ed.). The Bengal Obituary, Calcutta: W. Thacker and Co, 1851.
Huxley, Leonard. Life and Letters of Thomas Henry Huxley, vol. 1, New York: D. APPLETON And COMPAN, 1901.
Jarman, Robert L. (ed.), Taiwan Political and Economic Reports 1861-1960, vol.1, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
Lo, Hui-Min and Helen Bryant. British diplomatic and consular establishments in China, 1793-1949—Vol.2: Consular Establishments 1843-1949, Taipei: SMC publishing, 1988.
Montanus, Arnoldus (ed.). Atlas Chinensis translated by John Ogilby, London: Tho. Johnson, 1671.
Swinhoe, Robert. “A trip to Hongsan, on the Formosan coast,” Supplement to the Overland China Mail [Hong Kong], 13 September, 1856, no page number given.
Swinhoe, Robert. “Narrative of a visit to the island of Formosa,” Journal of the North- China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1:2 (1859), pp. 145-164.
Swinhoe, Robert. “The Small Chinese Lark,” Journal of the North- China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, no. 3 (1859), pp. 287-292.
The Indiaman Magazine, The Bengal Obituary Booklet, North Carolina‎: Lulu. com, 2008.
Swinhoe, Robert. “Additions and Corrections to the “Ornithology of Amoy”,” Ibis, 2:2 (April, 1860), pp. 130-133.
Swinhoe, Robert. “Further corrections and additions to the “Ornithology of Amoy,” with some remarks on the birds of Formosa,” Ibis, 2:4 (October, 1860), pp, 357-361.
Swinhoe, Robert. “Notes on the Ornithology of Hongkong, Macao, and Canton, made during the end of February, March, April, and the beginning of May, 1860.,” Ibis, 3:1 (January, 1861), pp. 23-57.
“Science Gossip,” The Athenaeum [London], 10 November, 1877, p. 603.
“Deaths – Caroline Swinhoe,” The Standard [London], 6 December, 1845.
Swinhoe, Robert. “The Ornithology of Amoy,” Ibis, 2:1 (January, 1860), pp.45-68.
Swinhoe, Robert. “Notes on Ornithology taken between Takoo and Peking, in the neighborhood of the Peiho river. province of Chelee, north China, from August to December, 1860.,” Ibis, 3:4 (1861), pp. 323-345.
Swinhoe, Robert. “Notes on the Birds observed about Talien (North China), from June 21 to July 25, 1860,” Ibis, 3:3 (1861), pp. 251-262.
Swinhoe, Robert. Narrative of the North China Campaign of 1860: Containing Personal Experiences of Chinese Character, and of the Moral and Social Condition of the Country; Together with a Description of the Interior of Pekin, London: Smith, Elder and Co, 1861.
Swinhoe, Robert. “On the mammals of the island of Formosa (China),” Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 30:1 (January, 1862), pp. 347-368.
Swinhoe, Robert. “On a bird supposed to be the female of crossoptilon auritum, pallas, from Northern China,” Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 30:1 (1862), pp. 286-287.
Swinhoe, Robert. “The Ornithology of Formosa, or Taiwan,” Ibis, 5:2 (April, 1863), pp. 198-219.
Swinhoe, Robert. “The Ornithology of Formosa, or Taiwan,” Ibis, 5:3 (July, 1863), pp. 250-311.
Swinhoe, Robert. “The Ornithology of Formosa, or Taiwan,” Ibis, 5:4 (October, 1863), pp. 377-435.
Swinhoe, Robert. Notes on the ethnology of Formosa, London: Frederic Bell, 1863.
Swinhoe, Robert. “General Description of the Island of Formosa,” Chinese and Japanese Repository, VOLS. II: No. XVI (November, 1864), pp. 161-166.
Swinhoe, Robert. “General Description of the Island of Formosa,” Chinese and Japanese Repository, VOLS. II: No. XVII (December, 1864), pp. 191-198.
Swinhoe, Robert. “General Description of the Island of Formosa,” Chinese and Japanese Repository, VOLS. III: No. XXI (April, 1865), pp. 161-176.
Swinhoe, Robert. “General Description of the Island of Formosa,” Chinese and Japanese Repository, VOLS. III: No. XXII (May, 1865), pp. 217-223.
Swinhoe, Robert. “Neau-show: Birds and Beasts (of Formosa),” Journal of the North- China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, N. S. VOL. II (1865), pp. 39-52.
Swinhoe, Robert. “A Voice on Ornithology from Formosa,” Ibis, 8:2 (April, 1866), pp. 129-138.
Swinhoe, Robert. “Ornithological Notes from Formosa,” Ibis, 8:3 (July, 1866), pp. 292-316.
Swinhoe, Robert. “Ornithological Notes from Formosa,” Ibis, 8:4 (October, 1866), pp. 392-406.
Swinhoe, Robert. “Jotting on birds from my Amoy Journal,” Ibis, 9:2 (1867), pp. 226-237.
Swinhoe, Robert. “Jottings on Birds from my Amoy Journal,” Ibis, 9:4 (October, 1867), pp. 385-413.
Swinhoe, Robert. “Ornithological Notes from Amoy,” Ibis, 10:1(January, 1868), pp. 52-65.
Swinhoe, Robert. “A Trip to Kalgan in the Autumn of 1868,” Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 14:1 (1869-1870), pp. 83-85.
Swinhoe, Robert. “Special Mission up the Yang-tsze-Kiang,” Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 14:3 (1869-1870), pp. 235-243.
Swinhoe, Robert. “Special Mission up the Yang-tsze-Kiang,” The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, VOL.40 (1870), pp. 268-285.
Swinhoe, Robert. “On the Ornithology of Hainan,” Ibis, 12:1 (January, 1870), pp. 77-97.
Swinhoe, Robert. “On the Ornithology of Hainan,” Ibis, 12:2 (April, 1870), pp. 230-256.
Swinhoe, Robert. “On the Ornithology of Hainan,” Ibis, 12:3 (1870), pp. 342-367.
Swinhoe, Robert. “The Aborigines of Hainan,” Journal of North China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, N.S. VOL. VII (1871-1872), pp. 25-40.
Swinhoe, Robert. “Narrative of an exploring visit to Hainan,” Journal of North China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, N.S. VOL. VII (1871-1872), pp. 41-91.
Swinhoe, Robert. “Notes on Chinese Ornithology, Ibis, 15:4 (1873), pp. 361-372.
Robert Swinhoe, “On the Rosy Ibis of China and Japan (Ibis nippon),” Ibis, 15:3(1873), pp. 249-253.
Swinhoe, Robert. “On Chinese Deer, with the Description of an Apparently New Species,” Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, (1873), pp, 572-576.
Swinhoe, Robert. “On a New Species of Nettapus (Conton-Teal) from the River of Yangtze, China,” Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser.4: v.11= no. LXI (1873), pp. 15-16.
Swinhoe, Robert. “On the White Stork of Japan,” Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, (1873), pp. 512-518。
Swinhoe, Robert. “On the contents of a second box of birds from Hakodadi, in northern Japan,” Ibis, 16:2 (April, 1874), pp. 150-166.
UK Census records.
University College School (ed.), Alphabetical and Topographical Register for 1831-1891, London: Lawrence, 1898.
University of London (ed.), University of London, the Historical Record: (1836-1912) Being a Supplement to the Calendar, Completed to September 1912, London: University of London, 1912.
譯文
郇和，《福爾摩沙訪問記》，收錄於費德廉編，羅效德譯，《看見十九世紀台灣：十四位西方旅行者的福爾摩沙故事》（臺北：如果出版社，2006），頁18-32。
郇和，〈福爾摩沙民族學記事〉，收錄於羅效德譯，費德廉編輯，《看見十九世紀台灣》（臺北：如果出版社，2006），頁33-53。
郇和，〈福爾摩沙記行附錄〉，收錄於費德廉編，羅效德譯，《看見十九世紀台灣：十四位西方旅行者的福爾摩沙故事》（臺北：如果出版社，2006），頁54-64。
數位資料
India Office Family History Search (British Library) (http://indiafamily.bl.uk/UI/Home.aspx) (accessed 11 April, 2019).
“James Cowles Prichard: British physician and ethnologist,” in Encyclopedia Britannica (https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Cowles-Prichard) (accessed 26 November, 2019).
“Richard Owen: British anatomist and paleontologist,” in Encyclopedia Britannica(https://www.britannica.com/biography/Richard-Owen) (accessed 4 November, 2019).
“Sir John Herschel, 1st Baronet: English Astronomer,” in Encyclopedia Britannica, (https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Herschel) (accessed 4 November, 2019).
“Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker: English Botanist,” in Encyclopedia Britannica (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Dalton-Hooker) (accessed 11 December, 2019).
“Sir William Jackson Hooker: English Botanist,” in Encyclopedia Britannica, (https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Jackson-Hooker) (accessed 11 December, 2019).
Swinhoe, Robert. “Letter from Robert Swinhoe to Sir William Jackson Hooker, 10 August, 1864,” in Global Plant on Jstor (https://plants.jstor.org) (accessed 11 November, 2019).
Swinhoe, Robert. “Letter from Robert Swinhoe to Sir William Jackson Hooker, 25 November, 1864,” in Global Plant on Jstor (https://plants.jstor.org) (accessed 11 November, 2019).
Swinhoe, Robert. “Letter from Robert Swinhoe to Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, 3 May, 1865,” in Global Plant on Jstor (https://plants.jstor.org) (accessed 11 November, 2019).
Swinhoe, Robert. “Letter from Robert Swinhoe to Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, 11 September, 1865,” in Global Plant on Jstor (https://plants.jstor.org) (accessed 11 November, 2019).
Swinhoe, Robert. “Letter from Robert Swinhoe to Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, 14 February, 1866,” in Global Plant on Jstor (https://plants.jstor.org) (accessed 11 November, 2019).
Swinhoe, Robert. “Letter from Robert Swinhoe to Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, 26 January, 1874,” in Global Plant on Jstor (https://plants.jstor.org) (accessed accessed 11 November, 2019).
Swinhoe, Robert. “Letter from Robert Swinhoe to Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, 9 April, 1874,” in Global Plant on Jstor (https://plants.jstor.org) (accessed accessed 11 November, 2019).
Swinhoe, Robert. “Letter from Robert Swinhoe to Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, 15 April, 1874,” in Global Plant on Jstor (https://plants.jstor.org) (accessed accessed 11 November, 2019).

二、中英文論著
（一）專書
中文
王毅，《皇家亞洲文會北中華支會研究》，上海：上海書店出版社，2005。
吳永華，《台灣植物探險》，臺中：晨星出版有限公司，1999。
吳永華，《台灣動物探險：十九世紀西方人在台灣採集動物的故事》，臺北：晨星出版有限公司，2001。
陳政三，《翱翔福爾摩沙：英國外交官郇和晚清臺灣紀行》，臺北：台灣書房出版有限公司，2008。
葉振輝，《開港初期打狗史事研究（1864-1874）》，高雄：高雄文獻會，2003。
劉克襄，《探險家在臺灣》，臺北：自立晚報文化出版部，1988。
劉克襄，《台灣鳥類研究開拓史（1840-1912）》，臺北：聯經出版社，1989。
關詩珮，《譯者與學者：香港與大英帝國中文知識建構》，香港：牛津大學出版社，2007。
龔李孟哲（David Charles Oakley），《臺灣第一領事館：洋人、打狗、英國領事館》，高雄：高雄市政府文化局，2013。
龔李夢哲（David Charles Oakley），《異鄉‧家塚：打狗外國墓園的故事》，高雄：高雄市政府文化局，2016。
英文
Bowler, Peter J. Evolution: The History of an Idea, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California, 2003.
Browne, Janet. The Secular Ark: Studies in the History of Biogeography, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1983.
Coates, P. D. The China Consuls: British consular officers, 1843-1943, New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.
Couling, Samuel M.A. Encyclopaedia Sinica, Kent: Global Oriental, 2007.
Gittings, John. A Chinese view of China, New York: Pantheon, 1973.
Hao, Yen-Ping. The Comprador in Nineteen Century China: Bridge between East and West, Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1970.
Harris, Marvin. The Rise of Anthropological Theory: A History of Theories of Culture, Lanham: Altamira Press, 2001.
Jobling, James A. Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names, London: Christopher Helm, 2010.
Kajariwal, O.P. The Asiatic Society of Bengal and the Discovery of India's Past 1784-1838, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988.
Matthew, H. C. G. and Brian Harrison (ed.). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.
Rinaldi, Bianca M. Ideas of Chinese Gardens: Western Accounts, 1300-1860, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2015.
Sera- Shriar, Efram. The Making of British Anthropology, 1813-1817, London: Pickering and Chatto, 2013.
Yen, Sophia Su-fei. Taiwan in China’s foreign relation, 1836-1874, Hamden, Connecticut: Shoe String Press, 1965.
中譯本
史蒂芬．普拉特（Stephen R. Platt）著，黃中憲譯，《帝國暮色：鴉片戰爭與中國最後盛世的終結》（Imperial Twilight: The Opium War and the End of China's Last Golden Age），臺北；衛城出版社，2018。
何偉亞（James L. Hevia），劉天路、鄧紅風譯，《英國的課業：十九世紀中國的帝國主義教程》（English Lessons: The Pedagogy of Imperialism in Nineteen- Century China），北京：社會科學文獻出版社，2013。
范發迪（Fa-ti Fan），袁劍譯，《知識帝國：清代在華的英國博物學家》（British Naturalists in Qing China: Science, Empire, and Cultural Encounter），北京：中國人民大學出版社，2018。
羅賓森（Michael F. Robinson）著，梁永安譯，《非洲失落的白色部落：探險家、科學家與一段改變人類命運的假說》（The Lost White Tribe: Explorers, Scientists, and the Theory that Changed a Continent），臺北：貓頭鷹出版社，2018。
費南德茲（Fernandez Pablo）著，黃德寬譯，《天主教在臺開教記：道明會士的百年耕耘》，臺北：光啓文化事業，1991。
Roberts, Clayton, David Roberts.著，賈士蘅譯，《英國史》，臺北：五南圖書出版公司，1989。
（二）期刊與論文
中文
洪廣冀，〈拼裝的科學革命――以美國第一回達爾文爭議為中心〉，《臺大歷史學報》，61期（臺北，2018.6），頁159-235。
張譽騰，〈英國博物學家史溫侯在台灣的自然史調查經過及相關史料〉，《臺灣史研究》，1：1（臺北，1994），頁132-142。
張侃，〈鼓浪嶼Catherine Stronach墓碑考略〉，《人文國際》，第四輯（廈門，2011.10），頁164-183。
陳德智，〈清末臺灣安平砲擊事件之研究〉，《臺灣文獻》，61:3（臺北，2008.9），頁152-190。
黃富三，〈臺灣開港前後怡和洋行對臺貿易體制的演變〉，收錄於《臺灣商業傳統論文集》（臺北：中央研究院臺灣史研究所籌備處，1999），頁81-106。
黃樹民，〈人類學與民族學百年學術發展〉，收錄於《中華民國發展史：學術發展（上）》（臺北：聯經出版社，2011），頁173-197。
游博清、黃一農，〈天朝與遠人——小斯當東與中英關係（1793-1840）〉，《中央研究院近代史研究所集刊》，69期（臺北，2010.9），頁1-40。
楊士範，〈政治探險下對台灣族群圖像的掠影：郇和（R. Swinhoe）1858年環島旅行遊記之社會學考察〉，《台灣原住民族研究季刊》，6：1（臺北，2013），頁63-112。
賴永祥，〈西文明鄭文獻簡介〉，《臺南文化》，4：1（臺南，1954.9），頁61-65。
戴麗娟，〈展示自然：上海亞洲文會博物院及其科普活動（1874-1952），《法國漢學》，18（北京，2019.1），頁72-116。
關詩珮，〈英國倫敦國王學院（King’ s College, London）首任漢學教授費倫（Samuel Turner Fearon）——兼論斯當東（Sir George Thomas Staunton）贊助人的角色〉，收入《印刷出版與知識環環：十六世紀以後的東亞》（上海：上海人民出版社，2011），頁123-154。
關詩珮，〈翻譯與帝國官僚：英國漢學教授佐麻須（James Summers; 1828-91）與十九世紀東亞（中日）知識的生產，《翻譯學研究集》，17輯（臺北，2014.6），頁23-58。
關詩珮，〈威妥瑪漢字字母化的追求：論新發現威妥瑪謄抄馬禮遜《廣東省土話字彙》和禆治文《廣東方言彙編》手稿〉，《漢學研究》，34：4（臺北，2016），頁263-297。
英文
Allen, David. “Tastes and crazes,” in Cultures of Natural History, ed. N. Jardine, J.A. Secord and E. C. Spary (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), pp. 394-407.
Beer, Gillian. “Travelling the other way,” in Cultures of Natural History, (ed.) by N. Jardine, J.A. Secord and E. C. Spary (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), pp. 322-337.
Bravo, Michael T. “Ethnological encounters,” in Cultures of Natural History, (ed.) by N. Jardine, J.A. Secord and E. C. Spary (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), pp. 338-357.
Brown, Janet. “Biogeography and empire,” in Cultures of Natural History, (ed.) by N. Jardine, J.A. Secord and E. C. Spary (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), pp. 305-321.
Browne, Janet. “A science of empire: British biogeography before Darwin,” Revue d'histoire des sciences, 45:4(October-December, 1992), pp. 453-475.
Hall, Philip B. “Robert Swinhoe (1836-1977), FRS, FZSS, FRGS: The Victorian Naturalist in Treaty Port China,” The Geographic Journal, 153:1(March, 1987), pp. 37-47.
Larsen, Anne. “Equipment for the field,” in Cultures of Natural History, (ed.) by N. Jardine, J.A. Secord and E. C. Spary (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), pp. 358-374.
Mayr, Ernst. “Commentary: The Contributions of Ornithology to Biology,” BioScience, 34:4 (April, 1984), pp. 250-255.
Secord, Anne. “Artisan botany,” in Cultures of Natural History, (ed.) by N. Jardine, J.A. Secord and E. C. Spary (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), pp. 378-393.
Yeh, Er-Jian. “Pre-Colonial Geographical Knowledge on Formosa: Preliminary Study based on Japanese Cited Materials,” Journal of Geographical Research, 51 (November, 2009), pp. 49-51.
日文
高橋良一，〈Robert Swinhoeの略傳〉《臺灣博物學會會報》，25：136-139（臺北，1935），頁106-111。