研究生: |
饒溪蓉 |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
Pyrroquinoline quinone基本光電性質探討 |
指導教授: | 王忠茂 |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
化學系 Department of Chemistry |
論文出版年: | 2006 |
畢業學年度: | 94 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 185 |
中文關鍵詞: | 光電 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:136 下載:1 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
醌類化合物,如pyrroquinoline quinone(簡稱PQQ),是生物體內部分去氫酶,如葡萄糖去氫酶,的輔基之一。為探討PQQ在生化能量轉換上所扮演的角色,本論文對PQQ及其基本光電性質進行探討,並探討金屬離子,如鈣離子,對其性質之影響。理論上,鈣離子是PQQ進行生化電子轉移時的重要輔助試劑,具有穩定反應中間產物與加速反應進行之功能,但我們發現鈣離子更可能具有與還原態PQQ進行強烈交互作用的潛力,故可加速PQQ與受質間的電子轉移。根據X-ray光譜分析,如XPS與XANES,我們證實:PQQ可與鈣離子進行交互作用,亦可與過渡金屬離子,如鉛、銅及鎘等,進行類似反應。此一交互作用可從UV-Vis吸收光譜、螢光放射光譜與電化學分析中獲得證實。PQQ也可與NADH與NAD+進行交互作用。而在此反應中,鈣離子可協助這些交互作用進行,但銅離子與鎘離子則會干擾反應進行。對於PQQ與金屬離子、NAD+、以及NADH間的交互作用,我們認為可能源自於PQQ為一多質子酸,在不同酸鹼環境中,會顯現不同結構,故可與NAD+或金屬離子進行交互作用。此外,我們也發現激發態的PQQ是一強氧化劑,其形式電位可達3.2 V vs. SCE,因此當PQQ受光激發時,可與NADH以及其他還原試劑進行電子轉移反應。根據螢光光譜與電化學分析,H4PQQ+與H3PQQ可能是PQQ進行光電化學反應的主要結構,而HPQQ2-和PQQ3-,則是與金屬離子進行交互作用的主要形態。為能對PQQ進行光電性質探討,本論文也嘗試以表面修飾劑,如didodecyldimethylammonium bromide(DDAB),將PQQ製作成薄膜修飾電極。我們發現PQQ薄膜修飾電極與溶液態PQQ具有類似光電性質,並可藉以探討酒精去氫酶與葡萄糖去氫酶催化分解酒精與葡萄糖時所涉及的電子傳遞路徑。
Pyrroquinoline quinone (PQQ) is a unique cofactor of several important dehydrogenases, such as glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) and methanol dehydrogenase (MDH), playing important roles in biological energy conversion processes. To elucidate the roles of PQQ in this and other aspects, we carried out investigations on PQQ regarding its fundamental properties and application potential in electrochemical, photochemical and catalytic reactions. In the PQQ-mediated transduction processes, Ca2+ ion has been evidenced to play an important role in stabilizing the reaction intermediate of PQQ (semiquinone) and the transfer of electrons from the substrate to the physiological electron acceptor in dehydrogenase. Cyclic voltammetry, fluorescence spectral analysis, UV-Vis absorption spectral analysis, and X-ray absorption spectral analysis including XPS and XANES, confirm this point, and in addition, show that PQQ can interact with many other metal ions, like Pb2+, Cd2+ and Cu2+, as well as with NAD+ and NADH.
PQQ can be regarded as a five-proton Lewis acid. This explains the photosensitivity of PQQ to pH, and the reactivity to other metal ions and NAD+. PQQ can also function as a powerful oxidant as it is brought to its electronically excited state. The formal potential (Eo’*) is estimated to be about 3.2 V vs. SCE. Thanks to this property, PQQ shows a photosensitivity to NADH and other reducing agents like EDTA as it is exposed to light irradiation. To get deeper insight into the electrochemical properties of PQQ, we also employed surfactants like didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) to fabricate PQQ-modified electrodes. The immobilized PQQ shows similar behaviors as the solution counterpart. Because of this, we have successfully used it to elucidate the transduction mechanisms of GDH and ADH as glucose and alcohol are incorporated.
1. Salisbury, S. A.; Forrest, H. S.; Cruise, W. B.; Kennard, O. Nature 1979, 280, 843.
2. Shunkichi, F.; Shinobu I.; Takashi, K.; Tomoyoshi S.; Akito I.; Mamoru F.; Osamu I. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 8435.
3. Minae, M. Acc. Chem. Res. 2004, 37, 131.
4. Adachi, O.; Okamoto, K.; Matsushita, K.; Shinagawa, E.; Ameyama, M. Agric. Biol. Chem. 1990, 54, 2751.
5. Watanabe, A.; Hobara, N.; Ohsawa, T.; Higashi, T.; Tsuji, T.; Hiroshima, J. Med. Sci. 1989, 38, 49.
6. Nishigori, H.; Yasunaga, M.;Mizumura, M.; Lee, J. W.; Iwatsuru, M. Life Sci. 1989, 45, 593.
7. Hamagishi, Y.; Murata, S.; Kamei, H.; Oki, T.; Adachi, O.; Ameyama, M. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1990, 225, 980.
8. Killgure, J.; Smidt, C.; Duich, L.; Romero-Chapman, N.; Tinker, D.; Reiser, K.; Melko, M.; Htde, D.; Rucker, R. B. Science 1989, 245, 850.
9. Taakaoki , K.; Tadafumi, K. Nature 2003, 422,832.
10. Itoh, S.; Kawakami, H. ; Fukuzumi, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 439.
11. Ohshiro, Y.; Itoh, S.; Kurokawa, K.; Kato, J.; Hirao, T.; Agawa, T, Tetrahedron Lett. 1983, 24, 3465.
12. Mure, M.; Suzuki, A.; Itoh, S.; Ohshiro, Y. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1990, 1608.
13. Itoh, S.; Kato, N.; Ohshiro, Y.; Agawa, T. Chem. Lett. 1985, 135.
14. Itoh, S.; Mure, M.; Ohshiro, Y. Chem. Commun. 1987, 1580.
15. Arthur, O. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 2003, 1647, 143.
16. Katz, E.; Schlereth, D.D.; Schmidt, H. L. J. Electroanal. Chem. 1994, 373, 189.
17. Katz, E.; Riklin, A.; Heleg-Shabtai, V.; Willner, I.; Bückmann, A. F. Anal. Chim. Acta 1999, 385, 45.
18. Bardea, A., Katz, E.; Bückmann, A. F.; Willner, I. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 9114.
19. Arunas, R.; Katja, H.; Elisabeth, C.; Valdas, L.; Wolfgang, S. Anal. Chem. 1999, 71, 3581.
20. Willner, I .; Katz, E.; Patolsky, F.; Bückmann, A.F. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1998, 2, 1817.
21. Katz, E.; Willner, I.; Kotlyar, A. B. J. Electroanal. Chem. 1999, 479, 64.
22. Katz, E.; Lion-Dagon, M.; Willner, I. J. Electroanal. Chem. 1996, 48, 107.
23. Bardea, A.; Katz, E.; Willner, I. Electroanalysis 2000, 12, 731.
24. Zayats, M.; Katz, E.; Baron, R.; Willner, W. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 12400.
25. Akiro, S.; Kazuyoshi, T.; Nobuo, K.; Johannis, A. D.; Tokuji, I. Biochem. J. 2001, 357, 893.
26. James, P. L.; Anthony, C. Biochim. Biophy. Acta 2003, 1647, 200.
27. Bayachou, M.; Lin, R.; Cho, W.; Farmer, P. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 9888.
28. Nassar, A.-E. F.; Willis, W. S.; Rusling, J. F. Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 2386.
29. Bousaad, S.; Tao, N. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 4510.
30. Chen, S.-M.; Tseng, C.-C. J. Electroanal. Chem. 2005, 575, 147.
31. Mimica, D.; Zagal, J. H.; Bedioui, F. J. Electroanal. Chem. 2001, 497, 106.
32. Chen, X.; Hu, N.; Zeng, Y.; Rusling, J. F.; Yang, J. Langmuir 1999, 15, 7022.
33. Groot, M. T.; Merkx, M.; Koper, M. T. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 16224.
34. Udit, A. K.; Belliston-Bittner, W.; Glazer, E. C.; Nguyen, Y. H. L.; Gillan, M. G.; Marletta, M. A.; Goodin, D. B.; Gary, H.B. J. Am. Chem Soc. 2005, 127, 11212.
35. Bertolotti, B. G.; Previtali, C. M. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 1997, 103, 115.
36. Eriksen, J. Foote, C. S. J. Phys. Chem. 82, 2659.
37. Eriksen, J. Foote, C. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 6083.
38. Vauthey, E. J. Phys. Chem. A 1997,101,1635.
39. Lanzalunga, O.; Crescenzi, C.; Baciocchi, E. Tetrahedron 1997, 53, 4469.
40. Shiraishi, Y.; Taki, Y.; Hirai, T. Chem. Commun. 1988, 2601.
41.賴英煌,國立清華大學化學研究所博士論文,2003.
42.楊宗燁、林鴻明、吳泉毅、林中魁,物理雙月刊,2001年12月,二十三卷六期.
43.李志甫,同步輻射暑期班上課講義,2005.
44.劉亞汶,國立台灣師範大學化學研究所,1999.
45張育甄,國立台灣師範大學化學研究所,2001.
46.梁秉怡,國立台灣師範大學化學研究所,2002.
47.鍾瑜玲,國立台灣師範大學化學研究所,2003.