簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

回結果列表
研究生： 陳禹達
Chen, Yu-Da
論文名稱： 台灣中堅企業策略之研究
An Empirical Study of the Strategy of Mittelstand in Taiwan
指導教授： 康敏平
Kang, Min-Ping
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 全球經營與策略研究所
Graduate Institute of Global Business and Strategy
論文出版年： 2014
畢業學年度： 102
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 89
中文關鍵詞： 中堅企業 、隱形冠軍 、組織生態 、利基 、聚焦 、資源基礎 、資源依賴 、國際化
英文關鍵詞： mittelstand, hidden champions, organizational ecology, niche, focus strategy, resource-based theory, resource dependence theory, internationalization
論文種類： 學術論文
相關次數： 點閱：225  下載：25 
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報

    • 中堅企業(mittlestand)來自Simon於「Lessons from Germany's Midsize Giants」提出的概念。研究發現中堅企業是德國出口表現優異的最大功臣，引發後續學者相關研究。各國學者歸納出中堅企業的關鍵成功因素有：國際化、技術與聚焦。另外，這群企業因為在市場上具有主導地位，但卻鮮為人知，如此矛盾的特質，又被稱為「隱形冠軍」(Hidden Champions)。

    本研究以台灣上市上櫃中堅企業為研究對象，透過組織生態、資源依賴、資源基礎三大理論，以系統觀點驗證中堅企業在「利基」、「聚焦」、「創新」、「供應商與顧客依賴關係管理」以及「國際化」的各項策略活動以及策略活動之間的交互作用對企業績效的影響。資料分析使用階層多元回歸驗證模型效果。最後，提出「T型策略」描繪中堅企業的成功因素並給予建議。

    “Mittelstand” is the success of the strategy model that originated with Hermann Simon who mentioned it in his study on “Lessons from Germany's Midsize Giants.” The research found that the outstanding performance of Germany’s international trade owes much to its medium-sized enterprises. Further, some scholars extended this argument and discovered these companies have key business strategies, including core technologies, customer relationships, combining a narrow market focus with a global orientation. Besides, Mittelstand companies provide irreplaceable products to the global market and dominate their niches, but tend to not be particularly well known and shy away from publicity. Thus, Simon coined the term “hidden champions” to describe them.

    In this study, we conducted empirical examination based on selected Mittelstand companies listed from the program of Taiwan Mittelstand Award and used a hierarchical regression to test our hypotheses. We took “niche”, “focus”, “innovation”, ” vertical relationships with the supply chain” and “internationalization” to evaluate their impacts on performance by incorporating the two-way and three-way moderating effects through organizational ecology, resource-based theory, resource dependency theory perspective. Finally, we conclude with a theory of “T-shape strategy” to provide suggestions for Taiwanese’s small and medium-sized enterprises.

    謝誌 I 摘要 III Abstract IV 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究背景與動機 1 第二節 研究問題 8 第三節 研究流程 10 第二章 文獻探討與假說推導 11 第一節 中堅企業 11 第二節 組織生態理論 20 第三節 聚焦策略 23 第四節 資源基礎理論 25 第五節 資源依賴理論 30 第六節 國際化策略 40 第七節 小結：中堅企業的策略與紅皇后效應的啟示 44 第三章 研究方法 48 第一節 研究架構 48 第二節 研究對象 49 第三節 變數衡量 51 第四節 分析單位 58 第五節 分析方法 58 第四章 資料分析 59 第一節 敘述統計分析 59 第二節 多元迴歸分析 61 第五章 結論 63 第一節 研究結果 63 第二節 研究發現 65 第三節 管理意涵 68 第四節 研究限制與後續建議 76 第五節 總結：T型策略 77 參考文獻 79 表 表1-1 世界產業群聚發展評比 2 表1-2 亞洲中小企業的效率評比 2 表2-1 中小企業與中堅企業的質性定義 13 表2-2 中小企業與中堅企業的量性定義 14 表2-3 德國隱形冠軍素描 15 表2-4 Simon 的隱形冠軍成功模式 16 表2-5 自製、外包與聯盟的特性比較 35 表2-6 自製、外包與聯盟的最適治理模式比較 36 表3-1 樣本與產業別比例 50 表3-2 變數衡量方式與預期方向 57 表4-1 描述性統計量與相關結果 60 表4-2 中堅企業各項策略變數與持續獲利的迴歸分析 62 表5-1 迴歸分析結果彙整 64 表5-2 台灣與韓國打造中堅企業與隱形冠軍的政策 75 圖 圖1-1 2013主要國家貿易依存度 3 圖1-2 2013財星世界500大各國公司數 4 圖1-3 2012各國每人勞動力出口表現 5 圖2-1 產品深度與廣度概念圖 24 圖2-2 中堅企業國際化策略邏輯概念圖 41 圖3-1 研究架構圖 48 圖5-1 T型策略 78

    中文文獻
    1. 台灣經濟研究院(2013)。從四大產業到中堅企業。
    2. 司徒達賢(2005)。策略管理新論：觀念架構與分析方法，台北：智勝出版
    3. 司徒達賢(2007)。中型企業的多角化等於是再度創業。今週刊，547。
    4. 李吉仁、陳振祥(2004)。企業概論：本質、系統、與應用。台北：華泰出版。
    5. 李玉芬(譯)(1994)。進軍國際(原作者：吉原英樹)。台北：錦繡出版。(原著出版年：1984)
    6. 吳思華(1999)。策略九說。臺北市：臉譜出版。
    7. 吳惠林、鄭凱方、杜英儀(2006)。中小企業出口貢獻變化之探討。中小企業發展季刊，1。
    8. 張非冰、蔡海燕、陸玉峰、葉淼苗(譯)(2013)。隱形冠軍：21世紀最被低估的競爭優勢(原作者：Hermann Simon)。台北市：天下雜誌。(原著出版年：2009)。
    9. 陳信宏、余佩儒(2014)。韓國打造隱形冠軍的做法、個案與對台意涵。經濟前瞻，152，70 - 76。
    10. 陳盈如(譯)(2013)。好策略 壞策略(原作者：Richard Rumelt。台北：天下。(原著出版年：2011)
    11. 黃俊英(2011)。行銷管理：策略性的觀點。台北：華泰文化。
    12. 俞慧芸(譯)(2007)。組織的外部控制-資源依賴觀點(原作者：Pfeffer Jeffrey & Salancik, Gerald R.)。台北：聯經。(原著出版年：2003)
    13. 經濟部中小企業處(2004)。中小企業白皮書。
    14. 經濟部中小企業處(2011)。中小企業白皮書。
    15. 經濟部中小企業處(2012)。中小企業白皮書。
    16. 經濟部中小企業處(2013)。中小企業白皮書。
    17. 經建會綜計處(2014)。我國產業群聚發展具國際競爭力。
    18. 楊仁壽、卓秀足、俞慧芸(2009)。組織理論與管理：個案、衡量與產業應用。台北市：雙葉書廊。
    19. 蘇毓琇(2012)。探討隱形冠軍企業的永續經營策略─以啟光社工業為例。國立政治大學企業管理研究所。

    日文文獻
    1. The Economist(2013)。日本の中堅企業-その競争力と成長の条件。
    2. 清水さゆり(2010)。中堅企業の企業成長・存続と経営的特性。早稲田大学産業経営研究所『産業経営』，46・47，35-51。

    英文文獻
    1. Afuah, A. (2001). Dynamic Boundaries of the Firm: Are Firms Better Off Being Vertically Integrated in the Face of a Technological Change? Academy of Management Journal, 44, 1121-1228
    2. Aldrich, H. E. (1979). Organization and Environment. NJ: Prentice-Hall.
    3. Ansoff, I. (1957). Strategies for Diversification, Harvard Business Review, 35(5), 113-124.
    4. Barney, J.B. (1986). Strategic Factor Markets: Expectations, Luck, and Business Strategy. Management Science, 42, 1231-1241.
    5. Barney, J B (1991). Company resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17, 99-120.
    6. Barney, J. B. (1997). Gaining and Sustaining Competitive Advantage. Addision Wesley Publishing Company.
    7. Baum, J. A. C. (1999). Organizational Ecology. In S. R. Clegg, & C. Hardy (Eds.), Studying Organization: 71-108. London: Sage Publications.
    8. Bernado, A. E., & Bhagwan C. (2002). Resources, Real Options, and Corporate Strategy. Journal of Financial Economics, 63, 211-234.
    9. Bernstein, J. I. (1989). The Structure of Canadian Inter-industry R&D Spillovers, and the Rate of Return to R&D. Journal of Industrial Economics, 37(3), 315-325.
    10. Bolton, J.E. (1971). Small firms: report of the committee of inquiry on small firms. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
    11. Burt, R. S. (1980). Cooptive corporate actor networks: A reconsideration of interlocking directorates involving American manufacturing. Administrative Science Quarterly, 25(4), 557-581.
    12. Carbonell, P., & Rodriguez, A. I. (2006). The impact of market characteristics and innovation speed on perceptions of positional advantage and new product performance. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 23, 1-12.
    13. Carroll, G. R., & Wade, J. B. (1991). Density Dependence in the Evolution of the American Brewing Industry Across Different Levels of Analysis. Social Science Research, 20, 271-302.
    14. Carroll, G. R. (1985). Concentration and Specialization: Dynamics of Niche Width in Populations of Organizations. American journal of Sociology, 90, 1262-1283.
    15. Contracor, F. J., Kundu, S.K. and Hsu, C.C. (2003). A Three-Stage Theory of International Expansion: The Link between Multinationality and Performance in the Service Sector. Journal of International Business Studies. 34(1), 5-18.
    16. Contractor, F. J. (2007). Is international business good for company? The evolutionary or multi-stage theory of internationalization vs. the transaction cost perspective. Management International Review. Wiesbaden, 47(3), 453-457.
    17. Dasamd, T.K., & Teng, B.S. (2000). A resource based theory of strategic alliances. Journal of Management, 26(1), 31-61.
    18. Derfus, P. J., Maggitti, G., Grimm, M., Smith, G. (2008). The red queen effect: Competitive actions and firm performance. Academy of Management Journal, 51(1), 61-80.
    19. Dyer, Jeffrey, H., & Singh, H. (1998). The relational view: Cooperative strategy and source of interorganizational competitive advantage. Academy of Management Review, 23(4), 660-679.
    20. Fryges, H. (2006). Hidden Champions –How Young and Small Technology-Oriented Firms Can Attain High Export-Sales Ratios. ZEW - Centre for European Economic Research Discussion Paper, 6, 45.
    21. Gardner, M. (2000). The Annotated Alice. W. W. Norton & Company.
    22. Gleason, K.C., Mathur, L.K., & Mathur, I. (2000). The Interrelationship between Culture, Capital Structure, and Performance: Evidence from European Retailers. Journal of Business Research, 50, 185-91.
    23. Gomes, L.K., & Ramaswamy, K. (1999). An Empirical Examination of the Form of the Relationship between Multinationality and Performance. Journal of International Business Studies. 30(1), 173-188.
    24. Grant, R.M. (1987). Multinationality and performance among British
    manufacturing companies. Journal of International Business Studies, 18 (3): 79-89.
    25. Grant, R.M. (1991). The Resource-Based Theory of competitive Advantage: Implications for Strategy Formulation. California Management Review, 33(3), 114-135.
    26. Grant, R.M., Jammine, A.P., & Thomas, H., D. (1988). Diversification and Profitability among British Manufacturing Companies. Academy of Management, 31, 771-801
    27. Grant, R.M. (2013). Contemporary strategy analysis. Hoboken, N.J. Wiley.
    28. Gulati, R. (1995). Does familiarity breed trust? The implications of repeated ties for contractual choice in alliances. Academy of Management Journal, 38(1), 85-112.
    29. Guan, J. C., Yam, R. C. M., Mok, C. K., & Ma, N. (2006). A study of the relationship between competitiveness and technological innovation capability based on DEA models. European Journal of Operational Research, 170, 971-986.
    30. Hadlock, C.J., & James, C.M. (2002). Do Banks Provide Financial Slack? The Journal of Finance, 57, 1383-420.
    31. Han, J. K., Kim, N., & Srivastava, R. K. (1998). Market orientation and organizational performance: Is innovation a missing link? Journal of Marketing, 62 (4), 30-45.
    32. Hannan, M. T., & Freeman. (1977a). The Population Ecology of Organizations. American Journal of Sociology, 82(5), 929-964.
    33. Hannan, M. T., & Freeman, J. H. (1977b). Structural inertia and organizational change, American Sociology Review, 49, 149-164.
    34. Hannan, M. T., & Freeman, J. H. (1989). Organizational ecology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
    35. Hannan, M. T. & Carroll, G. R. (1992). Dynamics of organizational populations: Density, Legitimation, and competition. New York: Oxford University Press.
    36. Harrigan, K. R.(1984). Formulating Vertical Integration Strategies, Academy of Management of Review, 9, 639-652.
    37. Hill, C. W. L. & Jones, G. R. (2007). Strategic management : an integrated approach, Boston : Houghton Mifflin.
    38. Hitt, M. A., Robert E. H., & Hicheon K. (1997). International Diversification: Effects on Innovation and Firm Performance in Product-Diversified Firms. Academy of Management Journal, 40(4), 767-98.
    39. Hoetker, G. (2005). How much you know versus how well I know you: selecting a supplier for a technically innovative component. Strategic Management Journal, 26(1), 75-96.
    40. Iansiti, M,. & Levien, R. (2004). Strategy as Ecology. Harvard Business Review, 82(3), 68-78.
    41. Jane, W. L., & Paul W. B. (2006). SME internationalization and performance: Growth vs. profitability. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 4(1), 27-48.
    42. Johanson, J., & Weidersheim, Paul, F. (1975) The Internationalization of the Firm Four Swedish Cases. Journal of Management Studies, 12(3), 305-322.
    43. Johanson, J. & Vahlne, J.E.(1977). The Internationalization process of the firm: A Model of Knowledge Development and Increasing foreign Market Commitment. Journal of International Business Studies. 8(1), 22-32.
    44. John, K., & Ofek, E. (1995). Asset Sales and Increase in Focus. Journal of Financial Economics, 37, 105-126.
    45. Jones, G. R. (2004). Organizational Theory, Design, and Change: Text and Cases(Fourth Edition). Upper Saddle River, N.J. Prentice Hall.
    46. Jung, Y. (1991). Multinationality and Profitability. Journal of Business Research,
    l (23), 179–187.
    47. Kang, M. P., Mahoney, J. T., & Tan, D. (2009). Why firms make unilateral investments specific to other firms: the case of OEM suppliers. Strategic Management Journal, 30, 117-135.
    48. Kogut, B. (1989). The Stability of Joint Ventures: Reciprocity and Competitive Rivalry. Journal of Industrial Economics, 38(2), 183-198.
    49. Kim, W. C., & Mauborgne, R. A. (1997). Value innovation: the strategic logic of
    high growth. Harvard Business Review, 75(1), 102-113
    50. Krzeminska, A., Hoetker, G., & Mellewigt, T. (2013). Reconceptualizing the plural sourcing. Strategic Management Journal. 34(13), 1614-1627.
    51. Kumar, M. S.(1984). Comparative Analysis of UK Domestic and International Firms. Journal of Economic Studies, 11(3), 26-42.
    52. Lecerf, M. A. (2012). Internationalization and innovation: The effects of a strategy mix on the economic performance of French SMEs. International Business Research, 5(6), 2-13.
    53. Levitt, T. (1960). Marketing Myopia. Harvard Business Review, 38, 45-56.
    54. Lu, J.W., & Beamish, P.W.(2001). The Internationalization and Performance of SMEs. Strategic Management Journal. 22, 565-575.
    55. Lu, J.W., & Beamish, P.W. (2004). International diversification and firm performance: The S-curve hypothesis. Academy of Management Journal, 47(4), 598-609.
    56. Mahoney, J. T., & Pandian, J. R. (1992). The Resource-Based View Within the Conversation of Strategic Management. Strategic Management Journal, 13(5), 363-380.
    57. Merrilees, B., Blackburn, J., Tiessen, J., & Lindman, M. (2001). Hidden (SME) Champions : The Role of Innovation and Strategy. Proceedings of the Australian and New Zealand Marketing Academy Conference. Auckland: College of Business, Massey University.
    58. Meyer-Stamer, J,. & Wältring, F. (2000). Behind the Myth of the Mittelstand Economy. The Institutional Environment Supporting Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Germany. INEF Report, 46, 1-58.
    59. Mol, M. J. (2005). Does being R&D intensive still discourage outsourcing? Evidence from Dutch manufacturing. Research Policy, 34(4), 571-582.
    60. Montgomery, C. A.(1996). Resource-based and evolutionary theories of the firm: towards a synthesis, 10-13. USA: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
    61. Park S.H., & Ungson, G.R. (1997). The effect of national culture organizational complementarity and economic motivation on joint venture dissolution. Academy of Management Journal, 40(2), 279-307.
    62. Parmigiani, A. (2007). Why do firms both make and buy? An investigation of concurrent sourcing. Strategic Management Journal, 28(3), 285-311.
    63. Peteraf, Margaret A. (1993). The Cornerstones of Competitive Advantage : A Resource-Based View. Strategic Management Journal, 14(3), 179-191.
    64. Pichet, E. & Lang, G. (2012). The German Mittelstand and its Fiscal Competitiveness: Lessons for France. La Revue de droit fiscal, 14, 46-55.
    65. Porter, M. E. (1980). Competitive Strategy, New York: Free Press.
    66. Porter, M. E. (1998). Clusters and the new economics of competition. Harvard Business Review,76(6), 77-90.
    67. Prahalad, C. K. & Hamel, G. (1990). The core competence of the corporation. Harvard Business Review, 68(3), 79-91
    68. Puranam P., Gulati, R., & Bhattacharya, S. (2013). How much to make and how much to buy? An analysis of optimal plural sourcing strategies. Strategic Management Journal, 34(10), 1145–1264
    69. Richard, P. J., Devinney, T. M., Yip, G. S., & Johnson, G. (2009). Measuring Organizational Performance: Towards Methodological Best Practice. Journal of Management, 35(3), 718-804.
    70. Ruigrok, W., Amann, W., & Wagner, H.(2007). The Internationalization-Performance Relationship at Swiss Firms: A Test of the S-Shape and Extreme Degree of Internationalization. Management International Review. Wiesbaden. 47(3), pp349-368
    71. Sambharya, R. B. (1995). The Combined of International Diversification and Product Diversification Strategies on the Performance of U.S.-based Multinational Corporations. Management International Review. 35(3), 197-218
    72. Simon, H. (1992). Lessons from Germany's Midsize Giants. Harvard Business Review, 70(2), 115-123.
    73. Simon, H. (1996). You Don’t Have to be German to be a Hidden Champion. Business Strategy Review, 7(2), 1-13.
    74. Singh, D. A., Gaur, A. S., & Schmid, F. P. (2008). Corporate diversification, TMT experience, and performance evidence from German SMEs. Management International Review, 50(1), 35-56.
    75. Sullivan, D., & Bauerschmidt, A.(1989). Common Factors Underlying Barriers to Export: A Comparative Study in the European and Us Paper Industry. Management International Review. 29, 17-32.
    76. Tseng, C. H., Tansuhaj, P., Hallagan, W., & McCullough, J. (2007). Effects of firm resources on growth in multinationality. Journal of International Business Studies, 38 (6), 961-974.
    77. Venohr, B., & Meyer, K. E. (2007). The German Miracle Keeps Running: How Germany’s Hidden Champions Stay Ahead in the Global Economy. Business & Management Section, 30, Berlin: Berlin School of Economics.
    78. Vernon, R. (1966). International Investment and International Trade in the Product Cycle. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 80(2), 190-207.
    79. Vernon, R.(1971). Sovereignty at Bay: The Multinational Spread of U.S. Enterprises. New York. Basic Books.
    80. Voudouris,I. , Lioukas, S. & Spanos, Y.(2000), Greek Hidden Champion: Lessons from Small, Little-known Firms in Greece, European Management Journal, 18(6), 663-674.
    81. Wernerfelt, B. (1984) .A Resource-Based View of the Firm. Strategic Management Journal, 5, 171-180.
    82. Zastempowski, M. (2012). The Innovative Potential of the Hidden Champions of the Polish Economy. Contemperary Management Quarterly.

    網頁與網站
    1. 中華徵信所http://www.credit.com.tw/creditonline/
    2. 公開資訊觀測站http://newmops.tse.com.tw/
    3. 台灣國際貿易局http://www.trade.gov.tw/
    4. 世界經濟論壇http://www.weforum.org/issues/global-competitiveness
    5. 行政院主計總處http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/
    6. 財星500大http://fortune.com/global500/
    7. 資策會產業情報所http://mic.iii.org.tw/index.asp
    8. 曾仁凱(2013年12月28日)。2014科技十趨勢 敲「紅色警鐘」。經濟日報。取自http://udn.com/NEWS/mainpage.shtml
    9. 曾仁凱、謝艾莉(2013年05月31日)。陸韓崛起 我PC產業敲警鐘。經濟日報。取自http://udn.com/NEWS/mainpage.shtml
    10. 德國聯邦統計局https://www.destatis.de/DE/Startseite.html

    下載圖示
    QR CODE