研究生: |
吳雅慧 |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
碩士層級諮商新手於全職實習的諮商困境與因應 The Predicament and Coping of Master's Level Internship for Novice Counseling Psychologist |
指導教授: |
陳秉華
Chen, Ping-Wha |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
教育心理與輔導學系 Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling |
論文出版年: | 2006 |
畢業學年度: | 94 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 159 |
中文關鍵詞: | 諮商新手 、諮商全職實習 、諮商困境 、因應歷程 、紮根理論 |
英文關鍵詞: | novice counseling psychologist, counseling internship, counseling predicament, coping process, grounded theory |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:438 下載:233 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
本研究目的在瞭解碩士層級諮商新手於全職實習期間的接案過程中,知覺到的諮商困境、面對諮商困境的因應歷程,以及因應諮商困境的結果。受訪者為十位年齡界於27到31歲,就讀北中南地區諮商輔導相關研究所的女性實習學生,在碩三諮商全職實習後期,回顧實習過程所知覺的諮商困境與因應歷程。運用半結構式的深度個人訪談進行資料蒐集,以紮根理論質性研究法進行資料分析,研究發現:一、諮商新手知覺的諮商困境,包含諮商介入成效不彰、工作同盟不易建立、督導關係不良、諮商自我效能感低;二、諮商新手對諮商困境的情緒與認知反應,包含出現負面情緒、自我評價降低、失去面對困境的動力;三、諮商新手對諮商困境的因應行為,可分為困境的立即因應行為及困境因應歷程中形成新的因應方式,前者包括隱藏真實自我、增強專業能力、面對與紓解負面情緒;後者包括增強對專業與自我的覺察、轉化負向認知為正面認知、調整困境因應的作法、提升個人自我成長;四、督導在諮商新手困境因應歷程中佔有重要角色;五、諮商新手因應諮商困境的結果,可分為因應的立即性結果及困境突破的結果,前者包括諮商困境仍然沒有突破、加重生活壓力、心理的滋養、增加諮商困境理解的視框、獲得個案正面回應;後者包括專業工作的學習與成長及個人的學習與成長。最後研究者討論本研究發現與限制,並且依據研究發現,從諮商研究、諮商實務、及諮商訓練的角度提出建議。
The objective of this research is to understand the counseling predicament of novice counseling psychologist, their coping process of the predicament, and the result of the coping during their internship. The subjects are ten female graduate student interns from the department of guidance and counseling psychology in different universities spreading from the northern to the southern part of Taiwan. The age range of these subjects is from 27 to 31. They are asked to give retrospect on their counseling predicament and coping process which happened during their internship. The data was collected through semi-structural in-depth interviews and analyzed with grounded theory, the qualitative method. The five findings of this study are as followed. First, the predicaments perceived by novice counseling psychologists included ineffective counseling intervention, not well established working alliance, troubled supervision relationship, and low counseling self-efficacy. Second, the emotional and cognitive responses of novice counseling psychologists are negative emotions, reduced self value, and motive loss in facing predicaments. Third, the coping behavior of novice counseling psychologists to predicament can be divided into the immediate coping behavior and the shaping of new coping behavior in the coping process. The former are to conceal the real self, to strengthen professional ability, and to face and put aside the negative emotion. The latter are to strengthen profession and self awareness, to convert the negative cognition to positive cognition, to revise counseling intervention, and to enhance personal growth. Fourth, the role of supervisor during the coping process of novice counseling psychologists to predicament is important. Fifth, the result of novice counseling psychologists coping with predicaments can be divided into the immediate result and predicament breakthrough. The former included the stagnation of predicaments, the aggravation of living stress, the nourishment of the mind, the growth of understanding the predicament, and the acquirement of the positive response from clients. The latter included professional and personal learning and advancement. Finally, the researcher discusses the findings and limits of this research. Furthermore, based on the results of this research, suggestions are proposed from counseling research, counseling practice, and counseling training.
中文文獻
牛格正(1994)。諮商員的訓練、角色、與功能。輔導季刊,30(3),17-27。
王文秀(1998)。諮商師被督導經驗對其諮商挫折之因應及其專業成長之影響研究。中華輔導學報,6,1-34。
王文秀(1999)。諮商督導者之發展歷程與受督導者「最佳及最差被督導經驗」之整理與詮釋。(國科會專題研究計畫成果報告編號:NSC-88-2413-H-134-003)。台北:中華民國行政院國家科學委員會。
王文秀(2000)。國小準輔導工作者「諮商實習」課程與被督導經驗調查研究。中華輔導學報,9,25-55。
中國輔導學會(2002年7月16日)。諮商心理實習課程辦法。2004年5月17日,取自:http://www.guidance.org.tw/ldlwu.htm
考選部(2003年4月29日)。專門職業及技術人員高等考試心理師考試規則。2004月8月15日。取自:http://wwwc.moex.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=212&ctNode=1949
李花環(1992)。準諮商員心理需求之調查研究。國立彰化師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文,未出版,彰化市。
李佳儒(2005)。小樹之歌~諮商學習者在專業實習中心路歷程之敘說研究。國立台北師範學院教育心理與輔導學研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
李華璋(2001)。諮商人員專業認同歷程分析研究。國立彰化師範大學輔導研究所博士論文,未出版,彰化市。
何紀瑩(1999)。由「發展性督導模式」看督導員的發展歷程。諮商與輔導,164,7-10。
林家興、王麗文(2000)。心理治療實務。臺北:心理出版社。
林素玉(2000)。大四實習諮商員在個別諮商實習期間的諮商能力發展之研究。國
立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
林素玉、陳秉華(2000)。大四實習諮商員在個別諮商實習期間的諮商能力發展之研究。中華輔導學報,9,131-167。
邱珍琬(2000)。做個諮商人。臺北:心理出版社。
吳秀碧、梁翠梅(1995)。學士級準輔導員諮商實習經驗之探討。中華輔導學報,3,41-57。
吳翠鳯(2000)。個人諮商理論的建構。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
卓紋君、黃進南(2003)。諮商實習生接受個別督導經驗調查:以高雄師範大學輔導研究所為例。應用心理研究,18,179-206。
洪莉竹(2000)。臺灣諮商輔導人員在學習諮商過程中文化議題的衝擊與統整。國
立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所博士論文,未出版,台北市。
徐燕如(2004)。全職實習前的準備—應徵面試的準備。輔導季刊,40(4),59-63。
許韶玲(2001)。受督導者於督導過程中的焦慮來源及對焦慮的因應策略之探討。諮商與輔導,192,6-10。
許韶玲(2003)。督導者知覺受督導者影響諮商督導過程之因素。應用心理研究,18,113-143。
許韶玲(2005)。諮商新手在督導過程隱藏未揭露的訊息。輔導季刊,41(3),31-38。
許雅惠(2002)。諮商學習者人際經驗與諮商學習困境之分析研究。國立高雄師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文,未出版,高雄市。
陳向明(2002)。社會科學質的研究。臺北:五南圖書出版公司。
陳金燕(1996)。諮商員養成教育中「自我覺察」訓練之基本原則。諮商與輔導,125,14-16。
陳金燕(1998)。諮商學習者在「自我覺察」課程之學習歷程與追蹤效果研究。中華輔導學報,6,116-153。
連廷嘉、徐西森(2003)。諮商督導者與實習諮商員督導經驗之分析。應用心理研究,18,89-111。
黃宜敏(1997)。治療關係中的僵局。諮商與輔導,139,10-14。
黃政昌(1997)。準諮商員性別、督導性別及支持程度對準諮商員知覺督導滿意度、接受督導意願及自我效能之影響研究。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
黃琡惠(1996)。一個諮商研究生的學習故事。輔仁大學應用心理研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北縣。
黃碧慧(2002)。大學生依附風格、愛情關係中之壓力事件困擾與因應策略之關係研究。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
黃囇莉(1996)。中國人的人際和諧與衝突:理論建構及實徵研究。國立台灣大學心理研究所博士論文,未出版,台北市。
曾淑芳(1998)。準諮商員諮商輔導學習經驗之分析研究~以彰化師大為例。國立彰化師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文,未出版,彰化市。
張靜怡(1997)。專業實習課程對準諮商員諮商能力發展之分析研究~以彰化師大為例。國立彰化師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文,未出版,彰化市。
楊瑞珠(1997)。諮商員教育與再教育倫理議題問與答。學生輔導,53,36-41。
廖本富(2001)。在焦點解決督導中催化受督導者「從新得力」。輔導季刊,37(1),20-29。
蔡秀玲(1999)。督導關係。諮商與輔導,164,17-22。
蔡素琴(2005)。督導關係中的挑戰~談受督者的抗拒與督導的因應策略。輔導季刊,41(3),18-22。
鄭家雯(2004)。走出心靈迷霧:諮商師調適與因應接案無力感經驗之研究。國立屏東師範學院教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文,未出版,屏東市。
劉淑慧(1997)。「個別諮商能力評量表」在個別諮商實習上的應用。諮商與輔導,136,16-19。
賴念華(2003)。心理師法對大學輔導中心的影響。學生輔導,85,34-45。
韓玉芬(2004)。初任教師工作壓力因應歷程之質的研究。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文,未出版,台北市。
羅家玲(1996)。學士級準國中輔導教師校外集中實習期間的諮商實習經驗調查研究。國立彰化師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文,未出版,彰化市。
英文文獻
Berry, G.L., & Andreassen, E.D.(1976). The counseling internship revisited: A counselor preparation model. Counselor Education and Supervision, 15, 232-237.
Boylan, J.C., Malley, P.B., & Scott, J.(1995). Practicum and internship: Textbook for counseling and psychotherapy. Washington, D.C.: Taylor & Francis.
Cole, M.A., Kolko, D.J., & Craddick, R.A.(1981). The quality and process of the internship experience. Professional Psychology, 12, 570-577.
Corey, M.S., & Corey, G.(1998). Becoming a helper. (3rd ed.). CA:Brooks & Cole.
Corey, G., Corey, M.S., & Callanan, P.(1997). 諮商倫理(楊瑞珠編譯)。臺北:心理。(原作1993年出版)
Costa, L.(1994). Reducing anxiety in live supervision. Counselor Education and Supervision, 34, 30-40.
Coster, J.S., & Schwebel, M.(1997). Well-functioning in professional psychologists. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 28, 5-13.
Cottle, W.C.(1973). Beginning counseling practicum. NY: Grune & Stratton.
Creswell, J.W.(1998). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing among Five Traditions. California: Sage.
Deutsh, C.J.(1984). Self-reported sources of stress among psychotherapists. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 15, 833-845.
Dodge, J.(1982). Reducing supervisee anxiety: A cognitive-behavioral approach. Counselor Education and Supervision, 22, 55-60.
Faiver, C., Eisengart, S., & Colonna, R.(2000). The counselor intern’s handbook(2nd ed). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Folkman, S.(1984). Personal control and stress and coping processes: A theoretical analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 839-852.
Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R.S.(1988). Coping as a mediator of emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 466-475.
Guinee, J.P.(1998). Erikson’s life span theory: A metaphor for conceptualizing the internship year. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 29, 615-620.
Guy, J.D.(1987). The Personal Life of The Psychotherapist. NY: John Wiley & Sons.
Hawkins, P., & Shohet, R.(2003). 助人專業督導(王文秀、李沁芬、謝淑敏、彭一芳譯)。臺北:學富文化。(原作2000年出版)
Hill, C.E., Charles, D., & Reed, K.G.(1981). A longitudinal analysis of changes in counseling skills during doctoral training in counseling psychology. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 28, 428-436.
Hogan, R.A.(1964). Issues and approaches in supervision. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 1, 139-141.
Holloway, E.L.(1999). 臨床督導工作的理論與實務(王文秀、施香如、沙大荒譯)。台北:張老師文化。(原作1995年出版)
Kaslow, N.J., & Rice, D.G.(1985). Developmental stresses of psychology internship training: What training staff can do to help. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 16, 253-261.
Kottler, J.A., & Blau, D.S.(1989). The imperfect therapist: Learning from failure in therapeutic practice. San Francisco, California: Jossey-Bass.
Ladany, N., Hill, C.E., Corbett, M.M., & Nutt, E.A.(1996). Nature, extent, and importance of what psychotherapy trainees do not disclose to their supervisors. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 43, 10-24.
Lauver & Harvey(1997). The practical counselor: Elements of effective helping. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Lazarus, R.S., & Folkman, S.(1984a). Stress, appraisal, and coping. NY: Springer Publishing company.
Lazarus, R.S., & Folkman, S.(1984b). Coping and adaptation. In W.D. Gentry(Ed.), Handbook of Behavioral Medicine(pp. 282-325). New York: Guilford.
Liddle, B.J.(1986). Resistance in Supervision: A response to perceived threat. Counselor Education and Supervision, 26, 117-127.
Lipovsky, J.A.(1988). Internship year in clinical psychology training as a professional adolescence. Professonal Psychology: Research and Practice, 19, 606-608.
Loganbill, C., Hardy, E., & Delworth, U.(1982). Supervision: A conceptual model. The Counseling Psychologist, 10(1),3-42.
Maxwell, J.A.(2001). 質化研究設計:一種互動取向的方法(高熏芳、林盈助、王向葵譯)。臺北:心理。(原作1996年出版)
Morrissette, P.J.(1996). Recurring critical issues of student counsellors. Canadian Journal of Counselling, 30, 31-41.
Moursund, J.(1993). The process of counseling and therapy(3rd ed). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Nutt-Williams, E., & Hill, C.E.(1996). The relationship between self-talk and therapy process variables for novice therapists. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 43, 170-177.
Nutt-Williams, E., Judge, A.B., Hill, C.E., & Hoffman, M.A.(1997). Experiences of novice therapists in prepracticum: Trainees’, clients’, and supervisors’ perceptions of therapsts’ personal reactions and management strategies. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 44, 390-399.
Packwood, W.T.(1973). Counseling internship: A specific goal-setting model. Counselor Education and Supervision, 13, 154-155.
Ronnestad, M.H., & Skovholt, T.M.(1993). Supervision of beginning and advanced graduate students of counseling and psychotherapy. Journal of Counseling and Development, 71, 396-405.
Sawatzky, D.D., Jevne, R.F., & Clark, G.T.(1994). Becoming empowered: A study of counsellor development. Canadian Journal of Counselling, 28, 177-192.
Skovholt, T.M., & McCarthy, P.R.(1988). Critical incidents: Catalysts for counselor development. Journal of Counseling and Development, 67, 69-72.
Skovholt, T.M., & Ronnestad, M.H.(1992a). The evolving professional self: Stages and themes in therapist and counselor development. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
Skovholt, T.M., & Ronnestad, M.H.(1992b). Themes in therapist and counselor development. Journal of Counseling and Development, 70, 505-515.
Solway, K.S.(1985). Transition from graduate school to internship: A potential crisis. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 16, 50-54.
Spruill, D.A., & Benshoff, J.M.(1996). The future is now: Promoting professionalism among counselors-in-training. Journal of Counseling and Development, 74, 468-471.
Stedman, J.M.(1997). What we know about predoctoral internship training: A review. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 28, 475-485.
Stoltenberg, C.D., & Delworth, U.(1987). Supervisiing counselors and therapists: A developmental approach. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J.(1997). 質性研究概論(徐宗國譯)。臺北:巨流。(原作1990年出版)
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J.(2001). 紮根理論研究方法(吳芝儀、廖梅花譯)。嘉義:濤石文化。(原作1998年出版)
Wise, P.S., Lowery, S., & Silverglade, L.(1989). Personal counseling for counselors in training: Guidelines for supervisors. Counselor Education and Supervision, 28, 326-336.
Worthington, E.L., Jr., & Roehlke, H.J.(1979). Effective supervision as perceived by beginning counselors-in-training. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 26, 64-73.
Zaro, J.S., Barach, R., Nedelman, D.J., & Dreiblatt, I.S.(1993). 諮商工作實務(陳金定編譯)。臺北:心理出版社。(原作1977年出版)