合成4-phenylbenzil(PBZ),4,4"-bibenzil(BIBZ),4-phenylbenzophenone(PBP)以及4,4"-bibenzophenone(BIBP) 等四個化合物，研究benzil(BZ)-及benzophenone(BP)-like在凝相裡的光物理性質，並探討其最低激發參態組態對其光物理及光化學的影響。
BZ-System有很大的Stokes shift(-5650 cm-1)，並且缺乏鏡面對稱，顯示其最可能的基態構型與激發態構型有顯著的不同，可藉曲低溫磷光光譜而加以證實。吸收光譜、光激螢磷光光譜、光量子產率以及生命期的測定，可確立BZ-System的組態以及能階。時間分離光譜的測定則更能確定在565nm的放射是來自於BZ-System3n, π*的磷光。 此外，由於BZ-System的激發區域落在"benzil"吸光體上，因此PBZ的pheny1-取代及BTR7的benzil-取代不管在常溫或低溫下，相對於BZ激發態能階影響不大，因而呈現出類似的光物理性質。
相似的光物理測量在BP-System，證實PBP及BIBP的最低激發單、參態分別S1(n,π*)、T1(π,π*)，因此一個分子內的能量轉移由羰基的n→π*轉移到聯苯的π*→π，激發區域則落在"biphenyl+carbonyl"上。螢光及磷光分析顯示有很高的系統間穿越速率，因此最低激發單態S1(n,π*)和次低激發參態T2(n,π*或π,π*)之間為決定其發光特性以及光化學反應性的重要角色。
不同的PBP和BP參態組態一3(π,π*)及3(n,π)在光引發聚合反應的活性亦予以探討。初步的結果，可對照BP焠熄實驗，當添加triethylamine(TEA)時，PBP可得到較良好的引發效率，這可能是因為在激發參態的PBP與基態的TEA形成較穩定的激發複合體。因此，光引發聚合反應在三級胺的共引發下，電子轉移可能是較主要的反應機構。

Four benzil and benzophenone derivatives : 4-pheiiylbenzil (1, PBZ), 4,4"-bibenzil (2, BIBZ), 4-phenylbenzopheDone (3, PBP) and 4,4"-bibenzophenone (4, BIBP) were synthesized to study their photophysical properties in condensed phase. The configuration of low-lying excited triplet state of these compounds and influence in photophysics and photochemistry are also discussed by comparison with benzil (BZ) and benzophenone (BP).
The large Stokes shift (-5650 cm-1) of BZ-system between absorption and emission in solution permits an estimation of conformational differences between ground state and excited state, and is confirmed by scrutiny of low-temperature (77 K) phosphorescence spectra. From absorption spectra, emission spectra, quantum yield ,and lifetimes, the configurations and energy levels ofBZ-system at normal atmospheric temperature have been established. The 565 nm emission of BZ-system has been interpreted as 3n, π* phosphorescence due to its solvent effect and long lifetime by Nd-Yag laser time-resolved spectroscopic technique. It is argued that low-energy n,π* transitions in these BZ-system are heavily localized on the dicarbonyl moiety. The spectral similarity of BZ-system indicates that both the excited region is localized on "BZ" moiety and the excited state configurations don't change when extend to phenyl- and benzil-substituted.
Photophysics of BP-system has also been determined. It is confirmed that the low-lying excited singlet and triplet states of PBP is 1(n,π*), 3(π, π*) respectively. That of BIBP is the same as PBP. Thus, an intramolecular energy transfer has occurred from then n→π* of carbonyl to the π*→π of biphenyl, and excited region be localized on "biphenyl + carbonyl" moiety. The fluorescence and phosphorescence analysis reveals a high rate of intersystem crossing to the triplet state. The lowest excited singlet n,π* and second excited triplet n,π* / or π,π* state playing an important role in determine the luminescence behavior and subsequent photo-activity.
The difference of the molecular structure between Ti( n, it* ) of PBP and Ti( n, it*) of BP is also discussed in relation to their preliminary study on photopolymerization. These observation contrast with quenching reactions sensitized by Ti( n, TC* ) of BP, T]( it, it*) of PBP is more sensitive with triethylamine ( TEA ), suggesting a more complete transfer of charge in the transition state. It is probably due to the transfer of an electron between Ti( it, u* ) ofPBP and ground state of TEA to generate an exciplex species. The electron-transfer probably plays an important role in the photopolymerization process ofamine-coinitiator system.