本研究之主要目的在以生手(novice)與精手(expert)的不同表現進行比較，透過工作分析(task analysis)、觀察、晤談、及解題過程的有聲思考(thinking aloud)，去探討物件式編輯環境中，學習者解題活動的認知與思維歷程，概念發展情形，以及其在程式設計解題歷程中扮演的角色。研究結果在量的分析方面發現1)精手與生手在解題時間上有明顯的差異存在2) 精手與生手在解題成就上的差異是要視問題而定3)就執行程式的次數而言，精手與生手的差異要視問題而定4) 精手與生手在單位時間的解題成就（生產力）有明顯的差異存在。在質的分析則發現生手的主要錯誤概念包括1)對物件功能不熟悉2)邏輯思維不完整3)對整個解題過程缺乏後設的統整能力，這些錯誤對解題歷程有負面影響，而精手的解題策略則主要受到先前的學習活動與解題經驗所影響。本研究將質化的觀察對照量化的結果，得到了一些更細緻的發現，並印證歸納了"物件思考"名詞定義與內涵。本研究也從編輯系統之人因介面使用性，對程式教學與軟體環境提出一些建議。

The purpose of this study is to investigate the different performance of novice and expert Authorware programming learners. We use task analysis, observation, interview, and thinking aloud methods to collect data of problem solving (PS) processes. This study found quantitatively, 1) Expert and novice has significant difference in PS time, 2) Expert and novice have significant difference in PS outcome only in some questions, 3) Expert and novice have significant difference in the times of Run only in some questions, and 4) Expert and novice have significant difference in outcome of unit time, productivity, and qualitatively that novice has error concepts including 1) unfamiliar to object function, 2) has incomplete logical thinking, and 3) lack of meta ability in the PS process. These errors have negative effect on PS process. Expert's PS strategy is mainly inherited from prior learning activity or PS experience. This study compared quantitative and qualitative findings to get more detailed information. In addition to the definition and content of "object thinking". This study also investigated human factors design of authoring system, then suggested to programming instruction and authoring system design.

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