康戈爾德(Erich Wolfgang Korngold, 1897- 1957)為猶太血統的奧地利作曲家，1943年入籍美國，自幼就被稱為是「最後的神童」，因為有別於其他早期的神童作曲家，康戈爾德從小就展現了高超的作曲技巧，作品複雜與前衛。1906年，康戈爾德彈奏他創作的第一部作品《黃金》(Gold, 1906)清唱劇給馬勒(Gustav Mahler, 1860-1911)聽，他的才華因此受到馬勒的賞識，除了受到馬勒的讚賞之外，漢斯利克(Eduard Hanslick , 1825-1904)也曾稱他為「小莫札特」，理查·史特勞斯(Richard Strauss, 1864-1949)更說：「他是個早熟的天才。」普契尼(Giacomo Puccini, 1858-1924)認為「他是德國音樂的最大希望。」然而，1933年，希特勒掌權，納粹主義的影響擴及各領域，致使許多歐洲音樂家紛紛逃至美國，康戈爾德便是其中一員。1934年，康戈爾德前往好萊塢發展，開啟了他長達十年的電影配樂寫作之路，爾後回到先前創作的學院派音樂，《D大調小提琴協奏曲》(Violin Concerto in D Major, Op. 35, 1945)便是他的代表作，也是當今音樂會中常見的曲目。如此重要的音樂家卻很少人知道，對於他的相關文獻也相當稀少，因此，此篇論文主要是藉由了解康戈爾德的創作歷程，以及各重要音樂家與樂評家對他的評論，搭配上《D大調小提琴協奏曲》的分析，進而探討他在音樂歷史上的定位。

Erich Wolfgang Korngold was an Austria-Jewish composer, naturalized in the U.S.A in 1943. At his young age, he was called “the last prodigy”, and different from the other prodigy composers. Korngold showed his brilliant composition skills. His works were complex and avant-grade. In 1906, Korngold played Gold, a cantata for solo voices, chorus, and piano for Gustav Mahler, who upon hearing promptly declared the boy a genius. Besides Mahler, Eduard Hanslick called him “the little Mozart”, Richard Strauss considered him “the precocious genius”, and Giacomo Puccini remarked “ He is the greatest hope of German music.” However, Adolf Hitler governed Germany in 1933. The effects of Nazism spread everywhere widely, which caused lots of musicians in Europe to escape to America. Korngold was one of those composers. In 1934, he had worked in Hollywood as an film music composer for ten years, and then returned to absolute music. Violin Concerto in D Major, Op. 35 is a representative, and usually shows in today's concert repertoire. Such a vital musician is he that we pay little attention to him. The documents related to Korngold are also in small amount. Therefore, this dissertation mainly aims at realizing Korngold’s growth process, the comments many important composers and critics made on him, armed with the analysis of Violin Concerto in D Major, Op. 35 in order to discuss his state in the western music history.

一、書籍
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黄芳吟。《二十世紀美國鋼琴音樂：柯維爾，蓋希文，芬尼，凱基，戴羅喬約，克倫姆
鋼琴作品風格與彈奏技巧解析》。台北：五南出版社，2002。

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蔡良玉。《美國專業音樂發展簡史》。北京：人民音樂出版社，2004。

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Schonberg, Harold C.。《現代樂派》(The Lives of the Great Composers)。陳琳琳 譯。台北：
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Zwieg, Stepan.《昨日世界：一個歐洲人的回憶》(Die Welt von Gestern: Erinnerungen eines
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Burkholder, J. Peter, Grout, Donald Jay, and Palisca, Claude V. A History of Western
Music.New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 2019.

Busoni, Fernuccio. The Essence of Music and Other Papers, translated from German by
Rosamond Ley. New York: Dover Publication Inc., 1957.

Carroll, Brendan G. The Last Prodigy: A Biography of Erich Wolfgang Korngold. Portland
Oregon: Amadeus Press, 1997.

Cooke, Mervyn. A History of Film Music. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008.

Copland, Aaron. A Reader-Selected Writings, 1923-1972. New York: Routledge, 2004.

Goldmark, Daniel and Karnes, Kevin C. Korngold and His World. Princeton: Princeton
UniversityPress, 2019

London, Kurt. Film Music: A Summary of the Characteristic features of its History,
Aesthetics, Technique; and possible Developments. New York: Arno Press & The New
York Times, 1970.

Larson, Randall D. Musique Fantastique: A Survey of Film Music in the Fantastic Cinema.
Metuchen, NJ & London: The Scarecrow Press, 1985.

Roeder, Michael Thomas. A History of the Concerto. Cambridge: Amadeus Press, 1994.

Scherer, Barrymore Laurence. A History of American Classical Music. UK: Naxos books,
2007.

Struble, John Warthen. The History of American Classical Music: Macdowell Through
Minimalism. New York: Checkmark Books, 1995.

Thomas, Michael Tilson. Leonard Bernstein: Young People's Concerts. Amadeus Press, 2005.

Thomas, Tony. Max Steiner: Vienna, London, New York, and Finally Hollywood . Utah:
Brigham Young University, 1996.

Torgovnick, Marianna. Gone primitive: Savage intellects, Modern lives. Chicago: University
of Chicago Press, 1991.

二、期刊雜誌
呂紹嘉。〈馬勒研究的精彩入門書：評《西方音樂巨人──馬勒》〉。《Musik雜誌》Vol.48
(十一月號，2010)。

孤槍俠。〈越陳越香－康果爾特的電影配樂經典〉。《新台灣新聞週刊》，352期(2002)。

陳國修。〈壯志未酬的後浪漫天才Erich Wolfgang Korngold〉。《音樂月刊》，第175期(4
月，1997)：106-109。

Chase, Gilbert.〈美國音樂發展史〉(America's Music: From the Pilgrims to the Present)。羅
美貞 譯。《全音音樂文摘》，第13卷第4期(1989)，73。

Bechert, Paul. Korngold, Strauss, and Others 'Subjective' Criticism. The Musical Times, Vol.
63, No. 954 (Aug. 1, 1922), p. 547-549.

Giger, Andreas. “A Matter of Principle: The Consequences for Korngold's Career. ” The
Journal of Musicology, Vol. 16, No. 4 (Autumn, 1998): 545-564.

Green, Edward. “Steiner, Korngold and the Musical Expression of Physical Space. ”
International Review of the Aesthetics and Sociology of Music, Vol. 42, No. 1 (JUNE,
2011): 59-78.

Karlin, Fred. Listening to Movies. Lodon: Macmillan , 1994.

Swithinbank, Mick and Robbert van der Lek. “Concert Music as Reused Film Music: E.-W.
Korngold's Self-Arrangements. ” Acta Musicologica, Vol. 66, Fasc. 2 (Jul. - Dec, 1994):
78-112.

Wilde, Oscar. The Complete Works of Oscar Wilde: Stories, Plays, Poems & Essays. Harper
Perennial Modern Classics, 2008.

三、學位論文
李珞廷。〈柯恩哥德《C大調大提琴協奏曲》 之樂曲分析與詮釋〉。輔仁大學碩士論文，
2015。

伍怡亭。《以柯普蘭的電影音樂作品TheHeiress論電影音樂的敘事功能》。國立臺灣師範
大學碩士論文，2010。

林瑩。《「阿拉貝斯克」與德布西的鋼琴音樂創作》。東吳大學碩士論文，2006。

徐心怡。〈菲利普．葛拉斯的電影音樂研究：以《機械生活》、《正義難伸》、《達賴的一
生》、《時時刻刻》、《魔幻至尊》五部電影為例〉。國立臺灣師範大學碩士論文，2012。

許文儒。《德布西音樂中的象徵主義精神》。國立臺北藝術大學碩士論文，2009。

張偉明。《外在形式的創新與音樂內容的思考──布魯赫的三首小提琴協奏曲》。國立臺
灣師範大學碩士論文，2014。

黃予祈。《美國新音樂的播種者：亨利‧柯威爾的理念與實踐》。國立臺灣師範大學碩士
論文，2008。

黃婉婷。〈舒曼的《a小調鋼琴協奏曲》：交響協奏曲的典範〉。國立臺灣師範大學碩士論
文，2012。

劉怡君。〈柯恩哥德以莎士比亞詩作譜寫之歌曲《小丑之歌Op.29》與《四首歌曲Op.31》
之樂曲分析與詮釋〉。國立臺北教育大學碩士論文，2011。

戴旖旎。〈艾瑞希˙沃夫岡˙柯恩哥德《三首歌曲，作品二十二》之分析與詮釋〉。臺北市
立大學碩士論文，2015。

歐牧佳。〈從艾瑞希．沃夫岡．科恩哥德的小提琴與鋼琴組曲《無事生非，作品十一》
探討音樂與戲劇的關聯〉。國立中山大學碩士論文，2017。

Goldberg, Miles. “The Piano Chamber Music of Erich Wolfgang Korngold.” PhD diss,.
Boston University, 2005.

Kubus, Daniel Jacob. “A Profile Of Viennese Society: An Interpretative Guide to Erich
W. Korngold's Second Piano Sonata and Artur Schnabel's Sonata for Piano. ” PhD diss,.
The University of Iowa, 2011.

四、樂譜
Korngold, Erich Wolfgang. Korngold Concerto in D Major for Violin and Orchestra, Op. 35.
London: Ernst Eulenburg Ltd.

Korngold, Erich Wolfgang. Korngold Concerto in D Major for Violin and Orchestra, Op. 35.
London: Schott.

五、網路資源
Buja, Maureen. “From Screen to Stage Erich Korngold : Violin Concerto in D Major, Op.
35. ” https://interlude.hk/from-screen-to-stageerich-korngold-violin-concerto-in-d-major
-op-35/ (accessed Sep 30, 2019).

Haas, Michael. “The false myths and true genius of Erich Wolfgang Korngold.” Forbidden
music. https://forbiddenmusic.org/2015/07/18/the-false-myths-and-true-genius-of-erich-
wolfgang-korngold/ (accessed Sep 30, 2019).

Kingston, Robert. “Erich Wolfgang Korngold.” The orelfoundation. http://orelfoundation.org/
composers/article/erich_wolfgang_korngold (accessed Sep 30, 2019).

Naxos Classic Music. “Album Reviews.” https://www.naxos.com/reviews/reviewslist.
asp?catalogueid=8.572027&languageid=EN (accessed Sep 15, 2019).

Poole, Marian. “Placing Korngold: Aesthetic Trends in Art Music during the
Twentieth-Century.” Marianpoole. http://marianpoole.co.nz/papers.html (accessed Oct 2,
2019).

___________. “Korngold and Schoenberg and The Neues Wiener Tagblatt Poll, Vienna,
1930.” Marianpoole. http://marianpoole.co.nz/papers.html (accessed Oct 2, 2019).

Thomas, Tony. “Korngold: Vienna to Hollywood.” Erich Wolfgang Korngold.
https://www.korngold-society.org/research.html (accessed Sep 15, 2019).

Troy O, Dixon.“Three Violinists: A Look at Korngold’s Violin Concerto.” Erich Wolfgang
Korngold. https://www.korngold-society.org/research.html (accessed Sep 15, 2019).

____________. “America’s Introduction to Erich Wolfgang Korngold.” Erich Wolfgang
Korngold. https://www.korngold-society.org/research.html (accessed Sep 15, 2019).