簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 盧居煒
Chu-Wei, Lu
論文名稱: 探究羅東自然教育中心住宿型環境教育方案學童之學習過程─以「小腳ㄚ走濕地」營隊活動為例
Exploring residential outdoor environmental education program participants’ learning process in Luodong nature center - a case study in “wetland discovery” children's summer camp
指導教授: 周儒
Chou, Ju
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 環境教育研究所
Graduate Institute of Environmental Education
論文出版年: 2015
畢業學年度: 103
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 158
中文關鍵詞: 住宿型環境教育方案學習經驗學習過程
英文關鍵詞: residential outdoor environmental education programs, learning experiences, learning process
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:88下載:33
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 本研究主要是透過羅東自然教育中心所辦理的小腳ㄚ走濕地營隊活動來探討學員經過營隊活動之後,其在營隊的學習過程中所獲得的學習經驗是什麼?學員如何學習?如何促進學習?藉由探討學員在真實且自然的環境下所獲得的第一手學習經驗,探究學童在其中的學習過程,以及對這些學習經驗的回饋。本研究採用質性研究方法,透過蒐集16名參與營隊學員的訪談資料、參與觀察紀錄、文件檔案等資料,瞭解學員們在營隊過程中的學習經驗,並分析結果以瞭解營隊課程如何促進學員的學習,期能提供未來環境教育相關營隊活動規劃與修正之參考與依據。

    研究結果可分成三部分:一、學童在營隊中的學習經驗與學習過程部分,研究發現營隊提供學員豐富的學習經驗,並且幫助學員實地去認識與感受河川的環境,且這些學習經驗能促進學員的環境覺知發展與社會互動、影響學員對生物的同理心及情感,而研究中所使用的Griffin參與在學習過程中指標則有助於了解學員的學習過程;二、促進在環境中學習的因素部分,結合真實經驗的遊戲學習、引導者的教學經驗與技巧、合作學習,這三項研究發現對於學員在環境中的學習扮演著重要的角色;三、其他的研究發現部分,研究發現營隊的設計符合以經驗為基礎的五項教學方法原則,但學員在對學習經驗的反思是不足的,研究也發現自由時間的探索,能創造學員體驗不一樣學習經驗的機會。

    This study is focused on exploring summer camp student’s learning experiences in Luodong nature center. It is focused on how they to gain the learning experiences? Students how to learn? How to promote learning in the learning process? The researcher investigate student’s learning process and in response to the learning experiences by discussing the first-hand learning experience of Students in the real river environment.

    This study uses qualitative research methods to collect interviews data, participant’s observation records and documents data by collecting 16 students which participate in summer camp. This data let researcher understand student’s learning experiences, analyze these datas to discover student’s learning and provide the basis of program modification in future.

    The results can be divided into three parts: First, about the student’s learning experience and learning process in the summer camp, the researcher found that the summer camp offer students rich learning experience to help students recognize and feel the river environment, and to promote environmental awareness and the development of social interaction, and to affect students' feelings and emotional empathy for the creature. The researcher also found that the Griffin’s learning process indicators can help researcher to understand the students how to learn. Second, the researcher found that combination of real-life experiences of the game, the guide’s teaching experience and skills and cooperative learning are playing an important role to promoting the learning in the environment. Third, the camp’s design meet the five principles of teaching methods based on the experience, the reflection of the learning experience is inadequate, and the exploration of free time are the other findings of the study.

    謝 誌 I 中文摘要 III 英文摘要 V 目 錄 VII 圖 目 錄 IX 表 目 錄 IX 第一章 緒 論 1 第一節 研究背景與研究動機 1 第二節 研究目的 4 第三節 研究問題 4 第四節 名詞界定 5 第五節 研究限制 6 第二章 文獻探討 9 第一節 環境教育、戶外教育與自然中心 9 第二節 在環境中學習的重要 16 第三節 在環境中學習的好處及影響 25 第四節 探索學習過程的相關研究 33   第三章 研究方法 41 第一節 研究設計 41 第二節 研究場域與對象 45 第三節 資料蒐集方法 48 第四節 資料處理與分析 55 第四章 小腳ㄚ走溼地營隊活動之內容與歷程 61 第五章 資料分析與討論 77 第一節 學習者的學習經驗 77 第二節 學習者的學習過程 90 第三節 如何促進學習 99 第四節 綜合討論 108 第六章 結論與建議 119 第一節 研究結論 119 第二節 研究建議 123 參考文獻 129 附 錄 137 附錄一 每日一問問題彙整 137 附錄二 魚塭問問題紀錄 141 附錄三 小組環境觀察記錄 145 附錄四 研究訪談同意書【範本】 151 附錄五 研究者參與觀察紀錄表 155

    中文部分:
    王文科、王智弘(2013)。教育研究法─增訂第十五版。台北市:五南。
    王靖惠(2005)。Peter Jarvis經驗學習之探討。社教雙月刊,128,29-37。
    王鑫(1995)。戶外教學發展史及思想之研究。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫成果報告(編號:NSC-84-2511-S-002-002-Z),未出版。
    吳芝儀、李奉儒(譯)(1995)。質的評鑑與研究(原作者:Patton, M. Q.)。台北縣:桂冠(原著出版年:1990)
    李牧莼(2010)。科學家主導的環境教育方案成效分析─以棲蘭山長期生態研究樣區教師住宿型營隊為例(未出版之碩士論文)。國立東華大學,花蓮縣。
    李偉文(2014)。自然課可以這麼浪漫。新北市:野人。
    兒童福利聯盟文教基金會(2012年06月29日)。暑假如何過?台灣暑假營隊評比分析【電子報】。取自:http://www.children.org.tw/epaper/detail/243
    周儒(2000)。設置台北市新店溪畔河濱公園都市環境學習中心之規劃研究(市府建設專題研究報告第298輯)。台北市:台北市政府研究發展考核委員會。
    周儒(2011)。實踐環境教育─環境學習中心。台北市:五南。
    周儒、呂建政(譯)(1999)。戶外教學(原作者:Hammerman, D. R., Hammerman, W. M. & Hammerman, E. L.)。台北:五南。(原著出版年:1994)
    周儒、姜永浚(2013)。透過德懷術探討優質環境學習中心之特質。環境教育研究,9(2),1-32。
    周儒、張子超、黃淑芬(譯)(2003)。環境教育課程規劃(原作者:Engleson, D. C. & Yockers, D. H.)。台北市:五南。(原著出版年:1994)
    周儒、黃淑芬(譯)(1994)。戶外教育的精義(原作者:Rillo, T. J.)。環境教育季刊,20,52-63。
    林秋萍(1998)。台北市野鳥學會協助國小戶外教學之研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學,台北市。
    施良方(1996)。學習理論。高雄市:麗文文化。
    洪偉耀(2007)。水棲昆蟲生態教育對學童生態知識與環境態度之影響—以國小五年級學童為例(未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺北市立教育大學,台北市。
    徐宜鈴(2012)。劉其偉生態藝術探險營之學童學習成效評估(未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺中教育大學,台中市。
    郝冰、王西敏(譯)(2009)。失去山林的孩子(原作者:Louv, R.)。台北縣:野人。(原著出版年:2006)
    張尚哲(2010)。小鷿鷈計畫兒童濕地營隊活動之課程發展研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺北教育大學,台北市。
    張春興(1994)。教育心理學─三化取向的理論與實踐。台北市:東華。
    張淇惠(2011)。探討昆蟲營隊教學人員對昆蟲之價值觀與教學行為意向(未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學,台北市。
    許世璋(2003)。影響花蓮環保團體積極成員其環境行動養成之重要生命經驗研究。科學教育學刊,11(2),52-75。
    陳仕泓(2005)。關渡自然中心執行國小環境教育課程方案之評鑑(未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學,台北市。
    陳向明(2013)。社會科學質的研究。台北市:五南。
    陳怡蓉(2011)。遊戲式教學對增進國小六年級學童碳足跡概念與學習態度之研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立高雄師範大學:高雄市。
    陳繹如(2014)。環境學習中心地方本位課程發展與實踐之初探(未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學,台北市。
    曾鈺琪、鄭辰旋、謝顥音(2013)。宜蘭縣國中小學教師之戶外教學認知研究。環境教育研究,9(2),57-90。
    黃光雄、蔡清田(1999)。課程設計:理論與實際。台北市:五南。
    黃君儀(2007)。從學習心理學理論探索學生學習歷史的歷程。歷史教育,11,45-63。
    黃怡華(2012)。林務局池南自然教育中心環境教育遊戲方案對六年級生環境素養之成效評估(未出版之碩士論文)。國立東華大學,花蓮縣。
    楊冠政(1997)。環境教育。台北市:明文書局。
    潘淑滿(2003)。質性研究─理論與應用。台北市:心理出版社。

    潘淑蘭(2013)。關渡自然中心環境教育方案評估之研究:以國小五年級學童為例(未出版之博士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學,台北市。
    蔡居澤(1996)。戶外教育的涵義及其發展之探討。公民訓育學報,5,283-302。
    蔡幸紋(2009)。尋找那片綠草如茵─以學生為本的高關懷青少年自然體驗課程初探(未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學,台北市。
    鄭貝俞(2012)。金門島綠色消費營隊式課程設計研究:以高中階段為例(未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學,台北市。
    謝博光(2013)。能源教育推廣之探究─以國小營隊活動為例(未出版之碩士論文)。國立新竹教育大學,新竹市。
    藍天平(2010)。太魯閣國家公園西寶環境教育中心推動環境教育營隊發展歷程之個案研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立東華大學,花蓮縣。
    顏仁德(2008)。老幹新枝,創新價值─談林務局的轉型與契機。台灣林業,34(1),6-15。
    魏希聖(2010)。九十九年臺閩地區兒童及少年生活狀況調查報告─兒童報告書。台中市:內政部兒童局。
    蘇志祥(2009)。奧萬大自然教育中心推動環境教育營隊之發展歷程─以劉其偉生態.藝術.探險營為例(未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺中教育大學,台中市。
    熊湘屏(2002)。屏東縣國小教師實施戶外鄉土教學活動之調查研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立屏東師範學院,屏東縣。
    蔡孟芬(2006)。國小四年級生物多樣性教學活動設計與教學成效之探討─以基隆紅淡山為例(未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺北教育大學,台北市。
    英文部分:
    Ashbaugh, B. L. (1971). Nature center purposes and values. The journal of environmental education, 2(3), 4-5.
    Ausubel, D. (1963). The psychology of meaningful verbal learning. New York: Grune & Stratton.
    Ballantyne, R. & Packer, J. (2002). Nature-based excursions: School students’ perceptions of learning in natural environments. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 11(3), 218-236.
    Ballantyne, R. & Packer, J. (2009). Introducing a fifth pedagogy: Experience-based strategies for facilitating learning in natural environments. Environmental Education Research, 15(2),243-262.
    Ballantyne, R. & Uzzell, D. (1994). A checklist for the critical evaluation of informal environmental learning experience. International Journal of Environmental Education and Information, 13(2), 111-124.
    Ballantyne, R., Anderson, D. & Packer, J. (2010). Exploring the impact of integrated fieldwork, reflective and metacognitive experience on student environmental learning outcomes. Australian Journal of Environmental Education, 26, 47-64.
    Ballantyne, R., Packer, J. & Everett, M. (2005). Measuring environmental education program impacts and learning in the field: Using an action research cycle to develop a tool for use with young students. Australian Journal of Environmental Education, 21, 23-38.
    Ballantyne, R., Packer, J., Hughes, K. & Dierking, L. (2007). Conservation learning in wildlife tourism settings: Lessons from research in zoos and aquariums. Environmental Education Research, 13(3), 367-383.
    Blatt, E. N. (2014). An investigation of the goals for an environmental science course: Teacher and student perspectives. Environmental Education Research, 21(5), 710-733.
    Bogner, F. X. (1998). The influence of short-term outdoor ecology education on long-term variables of environmental perspective. The Journal of Environmental Education, 29(4), 17-29.
    Boud, D., Keogh, R. & Walker, D. (Eds.).(1985). Reflection: Turning experience into learning. London: Kogan Page.
    Brody, M. (2005). Learning in nature. Environmental Education Research, 11(5), 603-621.
    Carney, T. F. (1990). Collaborative inquiry methodology. Windsor, Ontario: University of Windsor, Division for Instructional Development.
    Chawla, L. (1999). Life paths into effective environmental action. Journal of Environmental Education, 31(1), 15-26.
    Cohen, M. (1984). Prejudice against nature. Freeport, ME: Cobblesmith.
    Dillon, J. (2003). On learners and learning in environmental education: Missing theories and ignored communities. Environmental Education Research, 9(2), 215-226.
    Dillon, J., Rickinson, M., Teamey, K., Morris, M.,Choi, M.-Y., Sanders, D., & Benefield, P. (2006). The value of outdoor learning: Evidence from research in the UK and elsewhere. School Science Review, 87(320), 107-111.
    Donaldson, G. W. & Donaldson, L. E. (1958). Outdoor education: A definition. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation, 17, 63.
    Duerden, M. D. & Witt, P. A. (2010). The impact of direct and indirect experiences on the development of environmental knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30(4), 379-392.
    Emmons, K. (1997). Perceptions of the environment while exploring the outdoors: A case study in belize. Environmental Education Research, 3(3), 327-341.
    Falk, J. H., & Dierking, L. D. (2000). Learning from museums: Visitor experiences and the making of meaning. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.
    Falk, J. H., & Dierking, L. D. (2002). Lessons without limit: How free choice learning is transforming education. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.
    Falk, J. H. (2005). Free-choice environmental learning: Framing the discussion. Environmental Education Research, 11(3), 265-280.
    Ford, P. M. (1981). Principles and practices of outdoor/ environmental education. New York: John Wiley and Sons Press.
    Ford, P. M. (1986). Outdoor education: Definition and philosophy. Washington DC: office of educational research and improvement(ED).
    Grace, M. M. & Ratcliffe, M. (2002). The science and values that young people draw upon to make decisions about biological conservation issues. International Journal of Science Education, 24(11), 1157-1169.
    Griffin, J. (1999a). An exploration of learning in informal settings. Paper presented at National Association for Research in Science Teaching Annual Conference, Boston.
    Griffin, J. (1999b). Finding evidence of learning in museum settings. In Scanlon, E., Whitelegg, E. & Yates, S. (Eds.), Communicating science: contexts and channels (pp. 110-119). London: Routledge with the Open University.
    Griffin, J. (2002). Museum visitor experiences and learning. Paper presented at the “Why Learning?” Seminar, Australian Museum/ University of Technology, Sydney.
    Heimlich, J. E. (2002). Environmental education: A resource handbook. Indiana: Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation.
    Heimlich, J. E. (2004). Programme, performance, and professionalism: improving the field by data. In Filho, W. L. (Eds.), Environmental Education, Communication and Sustainability: World Trends in Environmental Education (pp. 91-103). Frankfurt: Peter Lang GmbH.
    Hewitt, P. (1997). Games in instruction leading to environmentally responsible behavior. The Journal of Environmental Education, 28(3), 35-37.
    James, J. J. & Bixler, R. D. (2008). Children’s role in meaning making through their participation in an environmental education program. The Journal of Environmental Education, 39(4), 44-59.
    Kellert, S. R. (2002). Experiencing nature: Affective, cognitive, and evaluative development in children. In Kahn, P. H. & Kellert, S. R. (Eds.), Children and nature: psychological, sociocultural, and evolutionary invistigations (pp. 227-257). Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England: The MIT Press.
    Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
    Knapp, D. & Barrie, E. (2001). Content evaluation of an environmental science field trip. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 10, 351-357.
    Kruse, C. & Card, J. (2004). Effects of a conservation education camp program on campers’ self-reported knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. The Journal of Environmental Education, 35(4), 33-45.
    Lai, K. (1999). Freedom to learn: A study of the experiences of secondary school teachers and students in a geography field trip. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 8(3), 239-255.
    Liddicoat, K. R. & Krasny, M. E. (2014). Memories as useful outcomes of residential outdoor environmental education. The Journal of Environmental Education, 45(3), 78-193.
    Mann,K., Gordon, J. & MacLeod, A. (2009). Reflection and reflective practice in health professions education: A systematic review. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 14(4), 595-621.
    Milton, B., Cleveland, E. & Bennett-Gates, D. (1995). Changing perceptions of nature, self, and others: A report on a park/ school program. The Journal of Environmental Education, 26(3), 32-39.
    Moon, J. (1999). Reflection in learning and professional development: Theory and practice. London: Kogan Page.
    Myers, M. (2006). Environmental learning: Reflections on practice, research and theory. Environmental Education Research, 12(3-4),459-470.
    Mygind, E. (2009). A comparison of childrens’ statements about social relations and teaching in the classroom and in the outdoor environment. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 9(2), 151-169.

    Nicole, M. A., Kelly, B. & Kathleen, O. (2015) Evaluation in residential environmental education: An applied literature review of intermediary outcomes. Applied Environmental Education & Communication, 14(1), 43-56.
    Novak, J. (1977). A theory of education. New York, NY: Cornell University.
    Nundy, S. (2001). Raising achievement through the environment: The case for fieldwork and field centres. Doncaster: National Association of Field Studies Officers.
    Office of the Los Angeles County Superintendent of Schools (1975). Guide for self-appraisal and certification of resident outdoor environmental education programs. CA.
    Orion, N. & Hofstein, A. (1994). Factors that influence learning during a scientific field trip in a natural environment. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 31(10), 1097-1119.
    Orly, M. & Tali, T. (2012). Assessing learning in the outdoors with the field trip in natural environments (FiNE) framework. International Journal of Science Education, 34(5), 745-777.
    Plamer, J. A. (1998). Environmental education in the 21st century: Theory, practice, progress and promise. London: Routledge.
    Palmer, J. A. (1999). Research matters: A call for the application of empirical evidence to the task of improving the quality and impact of environmental education. Cambridge Journal of Education, 29(3), 379-395.
    Ramsden, P. (1992). Learning to teach in higher education. London: Routledge.
    Rickinson, M. (2006). Researching and understanding environmental learning: Hopes for the next ten years. Environmental Education Research, 12(3-4),445-458.
    Rickinson, M., Dillon, J., Teamey, K., Morris, M.,Choi, M.-Y., Sanders, D. & Benefield, P. (2004). A review of research on outdoor learning. Shrewsbury: Field Studies Council.
    Rickinson, M., Lundholm, C. & Hopwood, N. (2009). Environmental learning: Insights from research into the student experience. London: Springer.
    Roger Tory Peterson Institute of Natural History[RTPI](1991). Bridging early childhood and nature education: Special report. New York: RTPI.
    Scott, W. & Gough, S. (2003). Sustainable development and learning: Framing the issue. London: Routledge.
    Storksdieck, M. (2006). Field trips in environmental education. Berlin: Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag.
    Shomon, J. J. (1969). Nature center: One approach to urban environmental education. Journal of Environmental Education, 1(2), 56-60.
    Smith-Sebasto, N. J., & Semrau, H. J. (2004). Evaluation of the environmental education program at the New Jersey school of conservation. The Journal of Environmental Education, 36(1), 3-19.
    Sterling, S. (2004). The learning of ecology, or the ecology of learning? In: Scott W., Gough S. (Eds.), Key issues in sustainable development and learning: a critical review. London: RoutledgeFalmer.
    Stern, M. J., Powell, R. B., & Ardoin, N. M. (2008). What difference does it make? Assessing outcomes from participation in a residential environmental education program. The Journal of Environmental Education, 39(4), 31-43.
    Storksdieck, M. (2006). Field trips in environmental education. Berlin: Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag.
    The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization [UNESCO] (1975). The international workshop on environmental education final report. Belgrade: Yugoslavia.
    The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization [UNESCO] (1977). Intergovernmental conference on environmental education: Final Report.
    Torres, M. & Macedo, J. (2000). Learning sustainable development with a new simulation game. Simulation & Gaming, 31(1), 119-126.
    UW-Extension. (2010). Program action-logica model: The program development and evaluation. University of Wisconsin-Extension. Retrieved at July 05, 2015 from http://www.uwex.edu/ces/pdande/evaluation/evallogicmodel.html.
    Voorhis, K. & Haley, R. (2008). Director’s guide to best practices-Program. Logan: Association of Nature Center Administrators.
    Vosniadou, S. (2001). How children learn. Brussels: International Academy of Education.
    Ward, M. (1976). A study of the effects of resident outdoor education experience had on adults who attended a program in Rockford as students in 1963 and 1966. (ERIC Document eproduction Service No. ED 136998).
    Wilson, R. A.(1994). Environmental education at the early childhood level. Washington DC: North American Association For Environmental Education[NAAEE].

    下載圖示
    QR CODE