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研究生: 李垂裕
論文名稱: 游泳抓台式與起跑式出發之水面上與水面下運動學分析
Kinematics Analysis of the Swimming Grab and Track Start above and under Water
指導教授: 黃長福
Huang, Chen-Fu
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 體育學系
Department of Physical Education
論文出版年: 2006
畢業學年度: 94
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 59
中文關鍵詞: 游泳運動學抓台式出發起跑式出發
英文關鍵詞: swimming, kinematics, grab start, track start
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:309下載:35
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  • 本研究目的為比較游泳抓台式出發與起跑式出發在水面上與水面下運動學之差異。受試者為國內優秀男子游泳選手12名,平均年齡22 ± 1.5歲,抓台式出發組身高為174 ± 3.5公分,體重為75.5 ± 4.2公斤,50公尺捷泳最佳成績為25.1 ± 0.5秒;起跑式出發組身高為177 ± 4.9公分,體重為73 ± 3公斤,50公尺捷泳最佳成績24.6 ± 0.4秒。研究中使用三部數位攝影機(60Hz)拍攝受試者水面上與水面下的動作,以Kwon3D動作分析軟體來進行資料數位化分析。研究結果中抓台式出發的出發時間為1.2秒,起跑式出發為1.1 ± 0.1秒;抓台式出發的水中滑行平均速度為2.16 ± 0.14 m/s,起跑式出發為2.23 ± 0.18 m/s;抓台式出發的海豚式振腰時間為入水後0.79 ± 0.2秒,起跑式出發為0.73 ± 0.2秒;抓台式出發與起跑式出發到12公尺所花時間為5.53 ± 0.19秒與5.45 ± 0.17秒。本研究結論為抓台式出發與起跑式出發在預備時重心位置、反應時間、動作時間及出發時間到達顯著差異,而在空中動作、進入水中動作及起身游到12m中,此兩種出發方式之間沒有差異性存在。建議游泳運動員進入水中瞬間時可透過入水前後角度的改變,與在身體重心到達最低位置前開始使用海豚式振腰踢腳動作,並根據水中動作分析後來建議選手是否適合在水中有較長的潛水時間與潛水距離。

    The purpose of this study was to kinematics analyze the swimmers performing the grab and track start above and under water. Twelve male elite competitive swimmers were participated in this study. The grab start subjects data were: age 23 ± 1.9 yrs, heights 174 ± 3.5 cm, weights 75 ± 4 kg and 50m freestyle 25.1 ± 0.6 s; the track start subjects data were: age 21 ± 1.3 yrs, heights 177 ± 4.9 cm, weights 73 ± 3 kg and 50m freestyle 24.6 ± 0.4 s. Data were collected from three video recordings (60Hz) above and under water. The video data were digitized and calculated with Kwon3D Motion Analysis System. The results of the grab start showed that: start time were 1.2s, glide velocity were 2.16 ± 0.14 m/s, dolphin kick opportunity under water were 0.79 ± 0.2 s, time to 12m were 5.53 ± 0.19 s. The results of the track start showed that: start time were 1.1 ± 0.1 s, glide velocity were 2.23 ± 0.18 m/s, dolphin kick opportunity under water were 0.73 ± 0.2 s, time to 12m were 5.45 ± 0.17 s. The conclusions of this study were: significant differences between the two techniques were the center of mass at the set position, reaction time, movement time, and start time; no significant differences between dive groups were flight time and distance, takeoff and entry velocity, entry angle above and under water, glide time and distance, and time to 12m. It was suggested that athletes should consider including changed entry angle above and under water, used dolphin kick before the center of mass at the lowest position under water, decided the glide time and distance according to underwater motion analysis.

    中文摘要----------------------------- I 英文摘要----------------------------- II 謝誌-------------------------------- III 目次-------------------------------- IV 表次--------------------------------- VI 圖次--------------------------------- VII 第一章 緒論 第一節 前言------------------- 1 第二節 問題背景------------------ 2 第三節 研究目的-------------------- 3 第四節 名詞操作性定義-------------- 3 第五節 研究範圍-------------------------- 10 第六節 研究限制---------------- 10 第七節 研究的重要性---------------- 11 第二章 文獻探討 第一節 出發台上動作與時間之文獻---------- 12 第二節 離台時重心角度與速度之文獻--------- 15 第三節 離台時空中動作與時間之文獻------ 16 第四節 入水時動作與時間之文獻--------- 18 第五節 水面下動作與時間之文獻---------- 19 第六節 整體時間之文獻---------------------- 19 第七節 文獻結語---------------------- 21 第三章 研究方法與步驟 第一節 研究對象--------------------- 22 第二節 研究設備與器材--------------- 22 第三節 研究時間與地點------------- 23 第四節 場地佈置------------------------- 23 第五節 研究方法與程序---------------- 27 第六節 資料處理與分析------------- 29 第四章 結果與討論 第一節 水面上運動學參數分析---------- 31 第二節 水面下運動學參數分析--------- 42 第三節 潛泳起身後之運動學參數分析---- 52 第五章 結論與建議 第一節 結論-------------------------- 55 第二節 建議--------------------- 55 參考文獻---------------------- 56 附錄一 受試者需知與同意書---------------- 58 附錄二 受試者詳細基本資料---------------- 59

    一、中文部份
    陳舒婷 (2006)。競速游泳抓台式與起跑式出發跳水之效率差異。未出版碩士論文,國立體育學院,桃園縣。
    黃智勇 (2002)。游泳選手抓台式與起跑式出發動作之運動學分析。未出版碩士論文,國立台灣師範大學,台北市。
    江永泰 (2002)。優秀女子短距離游泳運動員兩種出發動作分析。未出版碩士論文,國立台灣師範大學,台北市。

    二、英文部分
    Blanksby, B.,Nicholson, L.,& Elliott, B. (2002). Biomechanical analysis of the grab, track and handles swimming start: an intervention study. Sports Biomechanics, 1(1),11-24.
    Breed, R. V. P., & McElroy, G. K. (2000). A biomechanical comparison of the grab, swing and track starts in swimming. Journal of Human Movement Studies, 39, 277-293.
    Blitvich, J. D., McLean, G. K., Blanksby, B. A., Clothier, P. J., & Pearson, C. T. (2000). Dive depth and water depth in competitive swim starts. Journal of Swimming Research, 14, 33-39.
    Dempster, W. T. (1955). Space Requirements of the Seated Operator. WADC Technical Report (TR-55-159). Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH.
    Hobbie, P. (1980). Analysis of the flat vs. the hole entry. Swimming Technique, 16(4), 112-117.
    LaRue, R. J. (1985). Future start. Swimming Technique, 21(4), 30-32.
    Maglischo, E. W. (1993). Swimming Faster: A Comprehensive Guide to the Science of Swimming. Mayfield Publishing Company.
    Pearson, C. T., McElroy, G. K., Blitvich, J. D., Subic, A., & Blanksby, B. A. (1998). A comparison of the swimming start using traditional and modified starting blocks. Journal of Human Movement Studies, 34, 49-66.
    Zatsiorsky, V. M., Bulgakova, N. Z., & Chaplinsky, N. M. (1979). Biomechanical analysis of starting technique in swimming. In J. Terauds and E. W. Bedingfield (Eds.), Swimming Ⅲ (pp. 199-206). Baltimore: University Park Press.

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