簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 賴書平
Lai, Shu-Ping
論文名稱: 雙性戀當事人接受諮商經驗之質性研究
Qualitative Research of Bisexual Clients’ Counseling Experiences
指導教授: 蕭淑惠
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 教育心理與輔導學系
Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling
論文出版年: 2017
畢業學年度: 105
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 254
中文關鍵詞: 雙性戀當事人諮商經驗
英文關鍵詞: bisexual, client, counseling experience
DOI URL: https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202201986
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:166下載:41
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 本研究旨在從雙性戀當事人的角度,瞭解其在接受諮商時的經驗、感受與想法;並透過發聲的過程,讓相關實務工作者有機會理解,對於雙性戀族群來說,哪些因素能夠使他們感覺到幫助,又有哪些部分仍有改進的空間,進而對諮商實務工作有更深的反思與修正。因此本研究問題聚焦在:一、雙性戀當事人接受諮商的經驗為何?二、雙性戀當事人對心理師及諮商專業的建議或期待為何?
      本研究以立意抽樣及滾雪球抽樣的方式,招募六位曾有過諮商經驗的雙性戀當事人,以半結構式訪談的方式收集資料,並以質性研究取向中的主題分析法進行整理與分析。研究結果共以三個部份呈現:
    一、呈現雙性戀當事人進入諮商的考量與因應:包括(一)與諮商相遇的契機:當事人踏進諮商的動機各有不同,重要議題包含性傾向認同、雙性戀污名與內化恐雙、感情議題、出櫃議題。(二)對於諮商的想像與擔心:部份當事人對諮商抱持正面想像,但大多擔憂心理師的態度、知能、保密,諮商運作效果及自己能否順利表達。(三)因應擔心的方式:當事人發展多項策略與關鍵因素,來評估是否繼續與心理師工作,有時也會主動運用出櫃與教育的方式協助心理師更瞭解自己。
    二、呈現雙性戀當事人在諮商中的互動經驗:包括(一)在諮商中出櫃的經驗:當事人傾向從多方面考量決定現身的時機與程度,心理師的不同反應亦帶來不同後續影響。(二)諮商中知覺正向的經驗:心理師的態度正向(認可、友善、重視、開放)、具備雙性戀議題知能的有效處遇(具備相關知識、性別意識與敏感度、妥善建立諮商架構、積極專注的非語言行為)、一般性的有效處遇(議題的討論與整理、情緒支持)為三大影響因素,上述正向經驗也會對當事人在其雙性戀身份、內在狀態、諮商與生活帶來不同程度的影響。(三)諮商中知覺負向的經驗:心理師的態度負向(不友善、不重視、互動時需要顧慮心理師)與處遇方式缺乏雙性戀議題知能(缺乏相關知識、性別意識與敏感度、諮商架構與流程建立未臻完善、令人不舒服的非語言行為)為兩大影響因素,當事人對負向經驗的應對方式各異,也對諮商帶來不同的影響。(四)對於互動經驗的理解與詮釋:從諮商關係的樣貌、阻礙諮商順利互動的因素、理解負向互動經驗的方式、對於諮商當時選擇的困惑四個層面,呈現當事人對於其互動經驗的整體理解。
    三、呈現雙性戀當事人對於心理師與諮商專業的期待:包括(一)對於心理師的期待:當事人期待心理師在性別意識及敏感度、態度、雙性戀相關知能、社會結構文化觀點、諮商架構等層面有所作為,也期待能夠與雙性戀心理師晤談。(二)對於諮商專業領域的建議:增加對於雙性戀議題及多元性別與文化的學習。
    文末,研究者針對此研究結果進行綜合討論,並提出對於未來研究、心理師實務工作以及諮商專業領域的相關建議。

    In the present study, bisexuals were interviewed to describe their experiences, feelings, and perspectives regarding counseling. This study contributed to the understanding of how counseling services help bisexual clients and where these services can be improved. This study was aimed to elucidate (a) bisexual clients’ counseling experiences and (b) their suggestions or expectations for psychologists and counseling professionals.
    Both purposive and snowball sampling were used to recruit 6 bisexuals who had undergone counseling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and summarized and examined through thematic analysis. The findings are as follows:
    I. Concerns and coping of entering counseling
    (a) Motives: Different subjects reported different motives for receiving counseling, particularly sexual orientation, bisexual stigma, internalized biphobia, relationship issues, and self-disclosure of sexual orientation.
    (b) Perceptions and concerns about counseling: Some subjects viewed counseling positively, whereas most reported concerns about their difficulty expressing themselves and their psychologists’ attitudes, capabilities, confidentiality practices, and manner and effectiveness of counseling.
    (c) Approaches to addressing concerns about counseling: The subjects determined, on the basis of different strategies and factors, whether they should continue to work with their psychologists. In some cases, they self-disclosed sexual orientation and provided knowledge about bisexuality to help their psychologists understand them better.
    II. Experiences of interaction with psychologists
    (a) Self-disclosing sexual orientation: The subjects tended to consider different factors when determining the timing and extent of coming out. Moreover, the reaction of psychologists to the subjects’ disclosure of their sexual orientation influenced the specialists’ interventions.
    (b) Perceiving positive experiences: Psychologists exhibited positive attitudes (e.g., being supportive, friendly, attentive, or open-minded), provided effective interventions with bisexual knowledge (e.g. being knowledgeable about bisexuals, having gender awareness and sensitivity, establishing rigorous counseling frameworks, and demonstrating positive attentive nonverbal behaviors), and providing general effective interventions (e.g. discussing and summarizing issues of bisexuality, providing emotional support). Such positive experiences exerted influence of varying degrees on subjects’ bisexual identity, inner state, counseling experiences, and living.
    (c) Perceiving negative experiences: Psychologists exhibited negative attitudes (e.g., being unfriendly, inattentive, narrow-minded, or ill-informed about bisexuality) and provided ineffective interventions (because of their inadequate knowledge of bisexuality, limited gender awareness and sensitivity, poorly developed counseling frameworks and procedures, or repulsive nonverbal behaviors).
    (d) Understanding and interpretation of the interaction: The subjects demonstrated a sufficient knowledge of their interaction with psychologists or counselors by describing their counseling relationships, identifying factors inhibiting their counseling processes, reporting their approaches to comprehending their negative interaction experiences, and expressed uncertainty over the counseling services they had selected.
    III. Expectations
    (a) For psychologists: should be equipped with gender awareness and sensitivity, positive attitudes toward bisexuals, and knowledge of bisexuality, and sociocultural consciousness. The subjects also expected to be counseled by psychologists with bisexual orientation.
    (b) For counseling professionals: should be conversant with bisexuality-related issues, sexual diversity, and different cultures.
    The results of this study were discussed. Directions for future research and suggestions for psychologists and counseling professionals were also proposed.

    誌謝詞 i 中文摘要 iii 英文摘要 v 目次 vii 表次 ix 圖次 xi 第一章 緒論 1   第一節 研究動機 1   第二節 研究目的與問題 8   第三節 名詞解釋 9 第二章 文獻探討 11   第一節 雙性戀的內涵與現況 11   第二節 雙性戀當事人接受諮商的經驗 21   第三節 提供雙性戀當事人諮商服務之內涵 28 第三章 研究方法 43   第一節 研究取向與方法 43   第二節 研究參與者 44   第三節 研究工具 46   第四節 資料處理與分析 48   第五節 研究資料檢核 53   第六節 研究倫理 56   第七節 研究實施程序 58 第四章 研究結果 59   第一節 雙性戀當事人進入諮商的考量與因應 59   第二節 雙性戀當事人在諮商中的互動經驗 94   第三節 雙性戀當事人對心理師與諮商專業領域的期待與建議 179 第五章 綜合討論 199   第一節 雙性戀當事人的諮商經驗與社會處境的相互呼應 199   第二節 雙性戀當事人在諮商中的出櫃經驗 205   第三節 影響雙性戀當事人評價諮商經驗的重要因素 208   第四節 創造更理想的雙性戀諮商經驗 218   第五節 小結 225 第六章 研究結論、限制與建議 227   第一節 研究結論 227   第二節 研究限制 229   第三節 研究建議 230 第七章 研究反思 235 參考文獻 237 中文部分 237 英文部分 240 附錄 247 附錄一 研究邀請函 247 附錄二 訪談暨研究參與同意書 249 附錄三 訪談大綱 250 附錄四 逐字稿謄寫保密同意書 252 附錄五 受訪者分析結果檢核邀請函 253

    一、中文部份
    王渝津(2013)。同志當事人在諮商中的現身因素及其歷程(未出版之碩士論 文)。國立東華大學,花蓮市。
    冉毅浚(2003)。雙性戀者之個案研究(未出版之碩士論文)。樹德科技大學,高 雄市。
    台灣青少年性別文教會(2012)。同志諮商專業人員網。取自 http://tasdata.blogspot/tw/2014/02/blog-post_9865.html
    台灣輔導與諮商學會(2012)。對同志、同志父母及同志家庭的社會正義之實踐。 取自http://www.guidance.org.tw/gender/article-1.pdf
    台灣輔導與諮商學會(2002)。諮商專業倫理守則。取自 http://www.guidance.org.tw/ethic_001.html
    何沛熙(2010)。一個沒有位置的位置-雙性戀愛情經驗及其自我定位的發展歷程 (未出版之碩士論文)。中國文化大學,台北市。
    李淑敬(2004)。女男都愛的女性之伴侶抉擇(未出版之碩士論文)。國立彰化師 範大學,彰化市。
    林宜靜(2009)。愛的羈絆:女雙性戀認同與向家人出櫃/不出櫃的衡量(未出版 之碩士論文)。國立高雄師範大學,高雄市。
    林怡君(2012)。出櫃雙性戀者伴侶關係之探究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立高雄 師範大學,高雄市。
    社團法人中華民國諮商心理師公會全國聯合會(2012)。諮商心理師專業倫理守則。 取自 http://www.tcpu.org.tw/front/bin/ptdetail.phtml?Part=law006&Category=411913
    社團法人中華民國諮商心理師公會全國聯合會(2013)。針對近來多元成家法案爭 議所引發之恐同言論本會的公開聲明。取自 http://www.twtcpa.org.tw/eweb/uploadfile/20131205171052431.pdf
    邱珍琬(2000)。同/雙性戀青少年現身過程與輔導。教育實習輔導,6(1),29-34。
    邱淳孝(2014)。「我」就在這裡 ─ 以敘說研究解構諮商專業中的異性戀霸權(未 出版之碩士論文)。國立台北教育大學,台北市。
    紗娃‧吉娃司(2008)。走過婚姻來時路~已婚女雙性戀伴侶關係之探究(未出版 之碩士論文)。國立高雄師範大學,高雄市。
    高智龍(2009)。男同志當事人諮商經驗的主體敘說(未出版之碩士論文)。中國 文化大學,台北市。
    張雅惠(2016)。女雙性戀對伴侶出櫃與否之決定歷程探究(未出版之碩士論文)。 國立台南大學,台南市。
    陳向明(2002)。社會科學質的研究。台北市: 五南。
    陳佑齊(2014)。心理師性傾向諮商勝任能力之調查研究(未出版之碩士論文)。 國立暨南國際大學,南投市。
    陳宜燕(2008)。同志當事人之諮商經驗探究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立彰化師 範大學,彰化市。
    陳洛葳(2011)。我愛她也愛他:18位雙性戀者的生命故事。 台北: 心靈工坊。
    陳葦玲(2013)。「雙性戀者」情慾流動與展演之敘說研究(未出版之碩士論文)。 國立彰化師範大學,彰化市。
    陳詩婷(2013)。在愛裡悠遊-雙性戀者伴侶互動經驗與婚姻態度之敘說(未出版 之碩士論文)。國立嘉義大學,嘉義市。
    曾渼津(2008)。以「雙」之名:一個雙性戀社群的興起與運作(未出版之碩士論 文)。國立高雄師範大學,高雄市。
    曾渼津、游美惠(2008)。試論台灣雙性戀者的身分認同、社會處境與情慾實踐。 研究台灣,5,73-105。
    楊佩秦(2002)。有志「異」同:雙性戀的身份認同(未出版之碩士論文)。東吳 大學,台北市。
    認識同志手冊編輯小組 (2005)。認識同志手冊。取自 http://hotline-ttha.myweb.hinet.net/
    劉安真(2002)。從多元文化觀點談同志肯定諮商。輔導季刊,38(4),6-15。
    劉安真、程小蘋、劉淑慧(2002)。「我是雙性戀,但選擇做女同志!」~兩位非 異性戀女性的性認同形成歷程。中華輔導學報,12,153-183。
    劉安真、趙淑珠(2006)。看見!?校園同志輔導工作推展之現況與輔導教師對同 志諮商之訓練需求調查。中華輔導學報,20,201-230。
    蔡沛彣(2013)。女雙性戀認同、實踐與處境之探究(未出版之碩士論文)。高雄 醫學大學,高雄市。
    蔡依庭(2014)。當諮商遇到性別—從雙性戀者視角覺察社會架構。諮商與輔導, 347,21-24。
    蔡孟潔(2015)。與同志進行諮商工作的倫理議題與因應之道。諮商與輔導,354, 46-49。
    蔡秉忻(2017)。雙性戀者如何在諮商中被看見?—反思臺灣多元性別諮商專業現 況。諮商與輔導,377,10-13。
    謝宜純(2002)。跨越女男的愛情界線--從女同志生命敘說看到雙性戀女同志(未 出版之碩士論文)。國立花蓮師範學院,花蓮市。
    蘇准霆(2015)。同志肯定諮商的內涵與實踐之探討。諮商與輔導,359,48-51。
    王麗斐、杜淑芬、吳麗琴、王玉珍、吳育沛、簡華妏、喬虹、王敬元譯(2010)。 研究論文寫作-撰寫與投稿的武功秘笈。台北:洪葉。Heppner, P. P. & Heppner, M. J. (2004). Writing and Publishing Your Thesis, Dissertation & Research: A Guide for Students in the Helping Professions. Singapore: Cengage Learning.
    吳芝儀、李奉儒譯(1995)。質的評鑑與研究。台北:桂冠。Patton, M. Q (1990). Qualitative evaluation and research methods (2nd ed.). CA: Sage.

    二、西文部份
    American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Position Statement on Issues Related to Homosexuality. From: http://www.psychiatry.org/File/Library/Learn/Archives/ Position-2013-Homosexuality.pdf
    APA. (2008). Answers to Your Questions: For a Better Understanding of Sexual Orientation and Homosexuality. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
    APA. (2011). Practice Guidelines for LGB Clients. From:http://www.apa.org/pi/lgbt /resources/guidelines.aspx
    Bradford, M. (2004). The Bisexual Experience - Living in a Dichotomous Culture. Journal of Bisexuality, 4(1-2), 7-23.
    Bradford, M. (2006). Affirmative Psychotherapy with Bisexual Women. Journal of Bisexuality, 6(1-2), 13-25.
    Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 77-101.
    Brewster, M. E., Moradi, B., Deblaere, C., & Velez, B. L. (2013). Navigating the borderlands: the roles of minority stressors, bicultural self-efficacy, and cognitive flexibility in the mental health of bisexual individuals. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 60(4), 543-556.
    Brooks, L. M., Inman, A. G., Klinger, R. S., Malouf, M. A., & Kaduvettoor, A. (2010). In Her Own Words: Ethnic-Minority Bisexual Women's Self-Reported Counseling Needs. Journal of Bisexuality, 10(3), 253-267.
    Diamond, L. M. (2008). Female bisexuality from adolescence to adulthood: results from a 10-year longitudinal study. Development Psychology, 44(1), 5-14.
    Dobinson, C., MacDonnell, J., Hampson, E., Clipsham, J., & Chow, K. (2003). Improving the access and quality of public health services for bisexuals. Toronto, ON: Ontario Public Health Association (OPHA).
    Dodge, B., & Standfort, T. G. M. (2007). A review of mental health research on bisexual individuals when compared to homosexual and heterosexual individuals. In B. A. Firestein (Ed.), Becoming visible: counseling bisexuals aross the lifespan (pp. 28-51). New York: Columbia University Press.
    Eady, A., Dobinson, C., & Ross, L. E. (2011). Bisexual people's experiences with mental health services: a qualitative investigation. Community Mental Health Journal, 47(4), 378-389.
    Eliason, M. (2000). Binegativity: The Stigma Facing Bisexual Men. Journal of Bisexuality, 1(2-3), 137-154.
    Evans, M., & Barker, M. (2010). How do you see me? Coming out in counselling. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 38(4), 375-391.
    Falek, J. (2013).Compulsory Monosexuality and the Problematic Nature of Identity. Sprinkle: An Undergraduate Journal of Feminist and Queer Studies, 6, 34-42.
    Fassinger, R. E., & Arseneau, J. R. (2007). “I’d rather get wet than be under the umbrella”: Differentiating the experiences and identities of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people. In K. J. Bieschke, R. M. Perez & K. A. DeBord (Eds.), Handbook of counseling and psychotherapy with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender clients (2nd ed., pp. 19-49). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
    Firestein. (2007a). Cultrual and relational contexts of bisexual women: Implications for therapy. In K. J. Bieschke, R. M. Perez & K. A. DeBord (Eds.), Handbook of counseling and psychotherapy with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender clients (2nd ed., pp. 91-117). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
    Firestein. (2007b). Introduction: Becoming visible. In B. A. Firestein (Ed.), Becoming visible: counseling bisexuals across the lifespan (pp. xvii-xix). New York: Columbia University Press.
    Fox, R. C. (1996). Bisexuality in perspective: A review of theory & research. In B. A. Firestein (Ed.), Bisexuality: The psychology & politics of an invisible minority (pp. 3-52). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    Fox, R. C. (2004). Bisexuality - A Reader's Guide to the Social Science Literature. Journal of Bisexuality, 4(1-2), 161-255.
    Fox, R. C. (2006). Affirmative Psychotherapy with Bisexual Women and Bisexual Men. Journal of Bisexuality, 6(1-2), 1-11.
    Goetstouwers, L. (2006). Affirmative Psychotherapy with Bisexual Men. Journal of Bisexuality, 6(1-2), 27-49.
    Hayfield, N., Clarke, V., & Halliwell, E. (2014). Bisexual women's understandings of social marginalisation: 'The heterosexuals don't understand US but nor do the lesbians'. Feminism and Psychology, 24(3), 352-372.
    Heppner, P. P., & Heppner, M. J. (2004/2010). Writing and Publishing Your Thesis, Dissertation & Research: A Guide for Students in the Helping Professions. Singapore: Cengage Learning.
    Herek, G. M. (2002). Heterosexuals’ Attitudes Toward Bisexual Men and Women in the United States. The Journal of Sex Research, 39(4), 1-18.
    Hutchins, L., & Kaahumanu, L. (1991/2007). Bi Any Other Name: Bisexual People Speak Out. Boston: Alyson Publication.
    Israel, T., Gorcheva, R., Burnes, T. R. & Walther, W. A. (2008). Helpful and unhelpful therapy experiences of LGBT clients. Psychotherapy Research, 18(3), 294-305.
    Johnson, S. D. (2012). Gay affirmative psychotherapy with lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals: implications for contemporary psychotherapy research. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 82(4), 516-522.
    Jorm, A. F., Korten, A. E., Rodgers, B., Jacomb, P. A., & Christensen, H. (2002). Sexual orientation and mental health: results from a community survey of young and middle-aged adults. British Journal of Psychiatry, 180, 423-427.
    Klein, F. (1993/2007). The Bisexual Option (2nd ed.). New York: The Haworth Press.
    Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
    Meyer, I. H. (2003). Prejudice, Social Stress, and Mental Health in Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Populations- Conceptual Issues and Research Evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 129(5), 674-697.
    Page, E. (2007). Bisexual women's and men's experiences of psychotherapy. In B. A. Firestein (Ed.), Becoming visible: counseling bisexuals aross the lifespan (pp. 52-71). New York: Columbia University Press.
    Patton, M. Q. (1990/1995). Qualitative evaluation and research methods (2nd ed.). CA: Sage.
    Perez, R. M. (2007). The "Boring" State of research and psychotherapy with Lesbian, Gay, Bisxeual, and Transgender Clients. . In K. J. Bieschke, R. M. Perez & K. A. DeBord (Eds.), Handbook of counseling and psychotherapy with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender clients (2nd ed., pp. 399-418). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
    Quiñones, T. J., Woodward, E. N. & Pantalone, D. W. (2017). Sexual minority reflections on their psychotherapy experiences. Psychotherapy Research, 27(2), 189-200.
    Potoczniak, D. J. (2007). Development of bisexial men’s identities and relationship. In K. J. Bieschke, R. M. Perez & K. A. DeBord (Eds.), Handbook of counseling and psychotherapy with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender clients (2nd ed., pp. 119-145). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
    Savin-Williams, R. C. (2017). An exploratory study of exclusively heterosexual, primarily heterosexual, and mostly heterosexual young men. Sexualities, 0(0), 1-14.
    Scherrer, K. (2013). Culturally Competent Practice with Bisexual Individuals. Clinical Social Work Journal, 41(3), 238-248.
    Shelton, K., & Delgado-Romero, E. A. (2013). Sexual orientation microaggressions: The experience of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer clients in psychotherapy. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 1(S), 59-70.
    Tjepkema, M. (2008). Health care use among gay, lesbian and bisexual Canadians. Health Reports, 19(1), 53-64.

    下載圖示
    QR CODE