摘 要
氣喘是一種常見的呼吸道氣流阻塞疾病，其盛行率在許多國家包括台灣地區都有明顯攀升的趨勢。本研究主要目的在探討6週的游泳運動介入對氣喘兒童各項肺功能檢查及氣喘嚴重度的影響，肺功能檢查包括：肺活量（FVC）、第1秒最大呼氣量（FEV1）、FEV1/FVC百分比（%）和尖峰呼氣流速（PEFR）。本研究以台灣屏東基督教醫院胸腔內科門診之氣喘兒童30名為研究對象（男20人、女10人），平均年齡為9.9±1.6歲，平均身高為138.4±10.3公分，平均體重為38.5±12.3公斤。隨機配對分為實驗組及對照組各15人，受試者除接受一般的氣喘門診治療外，實驗組另外接受6週每週3次每次50分鐘的游泳運動。結果發現實驗組經過6週的游泳運動介入後，在FEV1及PEFR的表現上達顯著差異（p＜.05），而控制組在FVC、FEV1及PEFR均無顯著改變。實驗組和控制組之間在FEV1/FVC百分比（%）也沒有差異。實驗組氣喘嚴重度改善的人數顯著的多於控制組（p＜.05）。
結論：本研究證明游泳運動能改善氣喘兒童之肺功能及氣喘發作的症狀，建議氣喘兒童可多從事游泳運動。
關鍵詞：游泳、氣喘、兒童、肺功能檢查

ABSTRACT
Asthma is a common obstructive airway disease and the prevalence rate has increased in many countries, including Taiwan. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a 6-week swimming intervention for children with asthma on pulmonary function testing and the severity of asthma. Pulmonary function testing included: forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), percentage of FEV1/FVC(%) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Thirty children (20 male and 10 female) served as subjects in this study. Subjects were patients from the Chest Medicine Section at Ping-Tung Christian Hospital, Taiwan. The mean age was 9.9±1.6 years, the mean height 138.4±10.3 cm, and the mean body weight 38.5±12.3 kg. The subjects were paired and randomly assigned into the experimental or the control group, with 15 subjects in each group. Besides regular treatment for their asthma, the experimental group received a 6-week swimming training (3 sessions a week with 50 minutes per session). Results showed that there was a significant improvement in FEV1 and PEFR for the experimental group after the 6-week swimming intervention（p＜.05）. There was no significant improvement in FVC, FEV1 and PEFR in the control group. There were no differences between the experimental and control groups in the percentage of FEV1/FVC(%). The severity of the asthma was significantly reduced in the experimental group(p＜.05). Conclusion: These data suggest that a swimming program can improve pulmonary function parameters and reduce the severity of the asthma attack for asthmatic children.
Key words: swimming, asthma, children, pulmonary function testing

引用文獻
一、中文部分
行政院主計處。（2002）。中華民國統計月報 ,444，22。
台灣地區氣喘病診斷及治療指引。（1995）。中華民國微生物及免疫學雜誌 , 28(4)，抽印本。
李靈芝譯。（1994）。家有氣喘兒。台北市：創意力文化公司。
林貴福。（1995）。運動性氣喘的管理。臺灣師大體育研究 ,1，139-155。
吳家興。（1996）。台灣北部地區國中學生氣喘的研究與空氣污染的影響。未出版的碩士論文，國立臺灣大學公共衛生研究所，台北市，臺灣。
陳清榮。（1992）。如何面對氣喘兒。台北市：頂淵文化公司。
陳濘宏、謝孟哲、徐麗娟合譯。（1999）。氣喘病的預防與治療。台北市：允晨文化公司。
陳淑如、張文英、鄭綺。（2001）。氣喘兒童的運動指導。長庚護理 , 12(3)，234-238。
蔣立琦。（1999）。氣喘兒童父母自我處理行為及其相關因素之研究。未出版的碩士論文，國立臺灣師範大學衛生教育研究所，台北市，臺灣。
蔣立琦、黃璟隆、呂昌明。（1999）。學齡氣喘兒童氣喘素質因素與自我處理行為之調查及夏令營對其之影響。護理研究 , 7(4)，307-320。
謝貴雄、吳維峰、楊文理、陳啟章、陳志鑫、劉桂娟。（1988）。台北市國中國小學生氣喘病盛行率之調查。市政建設專輯研究報告 ,179，台北市政府研究發展考核委員會。
二、英文部分
American College of Sports Medicine.（1995）. ACSM’S guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. Waverly : Williams ＆ Wilkins.
Bar-Or, O.,＆ Inbar, O.（1992）. Swimming and asthma benefits and deleterious effects. Sports Medicine, 14(6), 397-405.
Bundgaard, A., Schmidt, A., Ingemann-Hansen, T., Halkjaer-Kristensen, J. ＆ Bloch, I.（1982）. Exercise-induced asthma after swimming and bicycle exercise. European Journal of Respiratory Disease, 63, 245-248.
Clark, T. J. H.（1981）. Clinical investigation of respiratory disease. London： Chapman ＆ Hall.
Fitch, K. D., Morton, A. R., ＆ Blanksby, B. A.（1976）. Effects of swimming training on children with asthma. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 51, 190-194.
Hall, L. K., Meyer, G. C.,＆ Hellerstein, H. K.（1984）. Cardiac rehabilitation ： Exercise testing and prescription. New York：Human Kinetics Books.
Holgate, S. T.（1993）. Mediator and cytokine mechanisms in asthma. Thorax, 48, 103-109.
Huang, S. W., Veiga, R., Sila, U., Reed, E., ＆ Hines, S.（1989）. The effect of swimming in asthmatic children－participants in a swimming program in the city of Baltimore. Journal of Asthma, 26(2), 117-121.
Matsumoto, I., Araki, H., Tsuda, K., Odajima, H., Nishima, S., Higaki, Y., Tanaka, H., Tanaka, M., ＆ Shindo M.（1999）. Effects of swimming training on aerobic capacity and exercise induced bronchoconstriction in children with bronchial asthma. Thorax, 54, 196-201.
Powers, S. K., ＆ Howley, E. T.（2001）. Exercise physiology : Theory and application to fitness and performance (4th ed). New York：McGraw-Hill.
Sarnaik, A. P., Vohra, M. P., Sturman, S. W., ＆ Belenky, W. M.（1986）. Medical problems of the swimmer. Clinics in Sports Medicine, 5(1), 47-64.
Taylor, S. E.（1999）. Health psychology (4th ed). New York：McGraw-Hill.
Wardell, C. P., ＆ Isbister, C.（2000）. Swimming program for children with asthma. Medical Journal Australia, 173(4), 647-649.