研究生: |
陳志松 Chih-Sung Chen |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
地表兩公尺內之高解析度反射震測 High resolution seismic imaging within 2 m of the earth's surface |
指導教授: |
鄭懌
Jeng, Yih |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
地球科學系 Department of Earth Sciences |
論文出版年: | 2002 |
畢業學年度: | 90 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 70 |
中文關鍵詞: | 極淺層 、相參性 、非相參性 、切除 、同炸射集聚 |
英文關鍵詞: | ultra-shallow, coherent, incoherent, mute, common shot gathers, CMP |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:213 下載:2 |
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本研究為地表兩公尺內之反射震測探勘。由於一、二十年來淺層震測發展一直是以高解析度且縮小測深尺度為發展方向。近幾年已能利用傳統淺層反射的理論與技術,研究難以解決之極淺層(ultra-shallow)震測(1至5公尺)的問題。而在極淺層的震測探勘範圍,因反射信號受到相參性(coherent)或非相參性(incoherent)之雜波影響極為嚴重,所以如何分離出所要之信號與雜波是近年來眾所研究之趨向。
由於極淺層震測尺度範圍僅約傳統淺層震測的1/10左右,因此野外佈線及震源需另行設計。但須考慮儀器之使用極限而必須在解析度上取得妥協,本研究所布置之受波器間距以取5公分之極限,採樣間距為0.25毫秒,已是震測儀的最小採樣時距,而震源則採用約0.3公斤之小鐵鎚。
由於信號與雜波在頻帶上有重疊性,所以本文中之資料處理,首先利用FK速度濾波,將部分雜波(直達波、折射波、地滾波、空氣波等)濾除,以方便挑選反射信號進行雜波切除。至於影響信號品質的初達波,則將直接切除(mute),以凸顯反射信號之走時曲線;另外也可將低頻、低速與高振幅的地滾波切除,來增強震測剖面之信號雜波比值。最後,速度函數之決定是最關鍵性的步驟。若速度值錯誤,則前功盡棄,而導致錯誤的震測解釋。所以,可利用多種判別速度的方法來增強速度值的正確性,如:參考地層岩性速度、使用折射震測法求得參考速度、利用速度譜及速度疊加等,來求出地層速度。最後再將所有同炸射集聚(common shot gathers)做CMP疊加來得到震測剖面。
本文分別以實驗性炸射與野外測勘對比說明極淺層震測方法。在實驗區(師大分部)南北向與東西向測線所得到之結果,可清楚得知地下埋藏物之深度與埋藏物之尺寸(如:長、寬與高)及位置。而野外(霧峰北溝溪附近)測線其地下地質構造雖極複雜,但測得之結果仍可判斷出斷層位置與傾斜的砂層。
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