簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

回結果列表
研究生： 黃加孟
Chia Meng Huang
論文名稱： 以嵌入式系統晶片實現脈搏生理訊號監測系統
Implementing Pulse Physiology Signal Monitoring System Using Embedded System Chip
指導教授： 洪欽銘
Hong, Chin-Ming
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工業教育學系
Department of Industrial Education
論文出版年： 2007
畢業學年度： 95
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 65
中文關鍵詞： 居家照護 、積體電路 、嵌入式系統晶片 、作業系統 、應用程式 、相似度演算法
英文關鍵詞： Home healthcare, Integrated circuit, Embedded system chip, Operation System, Application program, Similarity algorithm
論文種類： 學術論文
相關次數： 點閱：180  下載：16 
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報

    • 摘要

    醫學技術的提升雖得以治療更多疾病使得社會平均壽命提升，但也產生一些由於年齡老化而衍生的疾病及問題。在過去，死亡原因主要為意外事故及傳染病，但目前已趨向於慢性疾病。由於慢性疾病平時不易觀察，在醫療的療程上也需花費較多的時間，因此為了減少醫療上的資源消耗及往返醫療院所所需花費時間，目前已有越來越多國內外學者投入在居家照護領域。
    在以往的居家照護設備其特色為體積龐大不易攜帶，但在積體電路製程技術的成熟下，這些龐大的照護設備所造成的不便已慢慢獲得解決。嵌入式系統晶片近幾年來發展相當迅速，由於其可內嵌作業系統之特性，使得以設計人性化之相關應用程式以方便使用者操作，同時在擴展上亦相當的便利。因此，本研究以嵌入式系統晶片作為本研究開發系統上之核心。
    資料探勘技術近年來發展迅速，應用資料探勘的技術，可從龐大的資料數據當中，找出可能有助於決策判斷之資訊，目前已應用於許多領域之中。研究指出，人體生理訊號會反映出人體生理概況，因此經由長期的收集人體生理訊號資料，並加以分析，相信可找出引起疾病之病徵，如：生理訊號之變化情形或者生理訊號間之互動關係，做為醫護人員醫療判斷參考更甚者預測用。
    本研究係發展一套可監測人體脈搏訊號之系統，並以資料探勘技術針對所量測到之訊號加以分析。系統整體包含脈搏生理訊號量測電路、嵌入式系統發展平台應用程式設計、脈搏生理訊號顯示頁面設計及脈搏生理訊號相似度演算法設計…等。本研究之研究成果為：經由量測電路所得到之脈搏訊號，透過無線網路傳輸至遠端伺服器之中，所量測之人體脈搏生理訊號圖形及心跳頻率，可動態即時更新顯示於網頁上，目的以使遠處的醫護端可經由網頁為量測者做即時的診斷。最後於遠端伺服器之中，開發一可處理連續資料之脈搏訊號相似度演算法，以比對具有疾病之脈搏與受測者脈搏訊號間之相似度，做為醫療判斷之參考。

    關鍵字：居家照護、積體電路、嵌入式系統晶片、作業系統、應用程式、相似度演算法

    Abstract

    With the promoting of medical technology, average age of humans is gradually extended due to better medical treatment for diseases. However, this promotion and the fast changes of social environment lead to more and more elderly who live alone. Therefore, the main factor of death has gradually changed as the chronic diseases. Troublesome diagnosis of chronic ailments leads to more time consuming in medical treatment. In order to reduce the medical resource consumption and journey to and fro hospital, there are more and more scholars devoted themselves to home healthcare field.
    Considering most of the home healthcare equipments were too big to carry along in the past, but the growth process of making integrated circuit technology had gradually solved the inconvenience. Lately, the embedded system chip developed very fast due to the promotion of IC manufacture techniques. Since the embedded system chip can embed a small scale operation system, it helpful to develop any applications on the system chip. Therefore the research is proposed the idea of implementing pulse biomedical signal monitoring system using embedded system chip.
    The development of data mining techniques had greatly advanced recently. By applying data mining techniques utilized various regions, it’s helpful to acquire useful information from enormous data while making decision. According to the research reports, the physiology signals convey some useful information about individual physiology states. Thus we believe that data mining techniques can analysis the data of physiology signals collected for a long time and we will obtain the symptoms of diseases such as the tendency of variation of physiology signals.
    The entire research includes the circuit of measuring pulse biomedical signal、designing application program based on embedded system development platform、web design for showing the pulse physiology signals and pulse physiology signal of similarity algorithm…etc. The results of research show the pulse physiology signals from measurement circuit transmit to remote server by the wireless devices. Moreover, for remote diagnosis the pulse physiology signals measured show in the webpage and update immediately. In the end, to compare the differences between tester and abnormal pulse for the references of medical judgment, we develop a similarity algorithm for conducting continuous data in the remote server.
    Keyword：Home healthcare、Integrated circuit、Embedded system chip、Operation System、Application program、Similarity algorithm

    目錄 中文摘要...................................................................................................................I 英文摘要.................................................................................................................III 目錄..........................................................................................................................V 表目錄..................................................................................................................VIII 圖目錄.....................................................................................................................IX 第一章 緒論.............................................................................................................1 1.1 研究背景與動機..................................................................................1 1.2 研究目的..............................................................................................4 1.3 研究步驟……………………………………………….…………….6 第二章 文獻探討.....................................................................................................8 2.1 脈搏訊號原理.....................................................................................8 2.2 儀表差動放大器...............................................................................10 2.3 高低通濾波器...................................................................................13 2.3.1 Sallen-Key 濾波器原理分析..................................................13 2.3.2 Sallen-Key 低通濾波器..........................................................17 2.3.3 Sallen-Key 高通濾波器..........................................................18 2.4 時間序列分析...................................................................................19 2.4.1 基本時間序列量測方法.........................................................20 2.4.2 最長相同子序列方法(Longest Commom Subsequence) ….21 2.4.3 Agrawal相似序列量測法........................................................21 2.4.4 動態時間變形(Dynamic Time Warping)相似序列量測法...22 2.5時間序列轉換....................................................................................22 2.5.1 Piecewise Aggregate Approximation (PAA) ........................22 2.5.2 Symbolic Aggregate approximation (SAX) ..............................23 2.5.3 傅利葉轉換(Discrete Fourier Transform) ...............................23 第三章 系統設計與實作…………………………….........................................24 3.1 系統整體架構...................................................................................24 3.2 系統開環環境及開發工具...............................................................26 3.2.1 嵌入式系統開發平台............................................................26 3.2.2 8051單晶片.............................................................................27 3.2.3 感測器…………………………………………....................28 3.2.4 Linux作業系統........................................................................29 3.3 硬體電路設計...................................................................................29 3.3.1 儀表差動放大電路................................................................30 3.3.2 高低通濾波器........................................................................30 3.3.3 電壓箝位電路........................................................................33 3.3.4 A/D轉換電路與8051單晶片實現串列傳輸..........................34 3.4 Linux串列傳輸設定..........................................................................35 3.5 脈搏訊號於網頁呈現......................................................................37 3.6 時間序列相似度比較......................................................................39 3.6.1資料維度縮減..........................................................................39 3.6.2餘弦相似度(Cosine Similarity Measure) and 漢明距離(Hamming Distance)相似度演算法.................................................41 第四章 系統實驗結果.............................................................................45 4.1 前端訊號處理電路實驗結果...........................................................46 4.2 嵌入式系統晶片串列傳輸實驗結果............................................. 47 4.3 後端網頁伺服器架設實驗結果.......................................................48 4.3.1 脈搏訊號圖形.......................................................................49 4.3.2 心跳頻率計算.......................................................................50 4.4 脈搏相似度分析實驗結果...............................................................52 第五章 結論……………………………………………………………………58 參考文獻.....................................................................................................61 表目錄 表2-1 脈波諧振波與人體內臟對應關係...............................................................8 表2-2 分析時間序列可能存在問題.....................................................................20 表3-1 MLT1010 Pulse Transducer規格.................................................................29 表3-2 c_cflag結構成員設定…………..….…………………………………….36 表3-3 c_iflag結構成員設定…………………………..…………………………37 表3-4 c_cc結構成員設定……………………………………………….……….37 表3-5 常態分佈之切點……………..……………………………….…….…….41 表4-1 圖4-19生理脈搏訊號轉為符號型態結果…………….………....…..….54 表4-2 圖4-19脈搏生理訊號間餘弦相似度計算結果…….…………..........….54 表4-3 圖4-19脈搏生理訊號間餘弦相似度加入漢明距離計算結果...........….54 表4-4 圖4-22生理脈搏訊號轉為符號型態結果…………….………....…..….57 表4-5 圖4-22脈搏生理訊號間餘弦相似度計算結果…….…………....…..….57 表4-6 圖4-22脈搏生理訊號間餘弦相似度加入漢明距離計算結果...........….57 圖目錄 圖1-1 研究流程圖...................................................................................................6 圖2-1 脈博波型模型...............................................................................................9 圖2-2 差動放大器.................................................................................................10 圖2-3 差動放大器.................................................................................................11 圖2-4 Sallen-Key-Filter..........................................................................................13 圖2-5 Sallen-Key-Filter..........................................................................................13 圖2-6 Sallen-Key Filter增益方塊圖.....................................................................15 圖2-7 Sallen-Key低通濾波器...............................................................................18 圖2-8 Sallen-Key高通濾波器...............................................................................19 圖2-9 未經PAA原始序列資料............................................................................22 圖2-10 經PAA後序列資料..................................................................................23 圖2-11 SAX示意圖...............................................................................................23 圖3-1 系統整體架構..............................................................................................26 圖3-2 XScale PXA255嵌入式系統開發平台........................................................27 圖3-3 8051單晶片外觀圖.......................................................................................28 圖3-4 8051單晶片內部功能方塊圖.......................................................................28 圖3-5 MLT1010 Pulse Transducer..........................................................................29 圖3-6 儀表差動放大器電路................................................................................30 圖3-7 Sallen-Ken低通濾波電路.............................................................................32 圖3-8 OrCAD Pspice 模擬Sallen-Key低通濾波器頻率響應圖..........................32 圖3-9 Sallen-Key高通濾波電路.............................................................................33 圖3-10 OrCAD Pspice模擬Sallen-Key高通濾波器頻率響應圖..........................33 圖3-11 電壓箝位電路............................................................................................34 圖3-12 A/D轉換電路與單晶片串列傳輸電路......................................................35 圖3-13 A/D轉換電路與單晶片串列傳輸電路接線圖..........................................35 圖3-14 心跳頻率計算流程圖................................................................................39 圖3-15 時間序列角度變化....................................................................................42 圖4-1 系統整體開發環境......................................................................................45 圖4-2 前端訊號處理電路、類比數位轉換、串列傳輸及嵌入式系統開發平台............................................................................................................................46 圖4-3 感測器之輸出訊號......................................................................................47 圖4-4 經儀表差動放大電路之輸出訊號..............................................................47 圖4-5 經低高通濾波器之輸出訊號.................................................................... .47 圖4-6 經電壓箝位電路之輸出訊號.................................................................... .47 圖4-7 Linux minicom調試工具觀察串列傳輸......................................................48 圖4-8 脈搏生理訊號頁面......................................................................................48 圖4-9 脈搏生理訊號圖形......................................................................................49 圖4-10 圖4-9後四秒之脈搏生理訊號圖形..........................................................49 圖4-11 原始數據圖形............................................................................................50 圖4-12 微分後之數據斜率圖形............................................................................50 圖4-13 斜率平方後之圖形....................................................................................50 圖4-14 經時間平均濾波器之圖形........................................................................50 圖4-15 保留基準點2/3以上之圖形.......................................................................51 圖4-16 斜率轉折點圖形........................................................................................51 圖4-17 演算法最後所呈現之圖形........................................................................51 圖4-18 脈搏生理訊號顯示頁面與示波器畫面....................................................52 圖4-19 單一個體在不同四個時間點脈搏生理訊號圖形................................53 圖4-20 圖4-19脈搏生理訊號取斜率後圖形....................................................53 圖4-21 圖4-20脈搏生理訊號斜率經正規化後處理之圖形............................54 圖4-22 五個體的一週期脈搏生理訊號圖形....................................................55 圖4-23 圖4-22脈搏生理訊號取斜率後圖形....................................................56 圖4-24 圖4-23脈搏生理訊號斜率經正規化後處理之圖形............................56

    英文部分
    [1] Emerg. Med., 「Minimum standards for transport of critically ill patients」, Australasian College for Emergency Medicine, vol. 15, pp. 202-204, 2003.
    [2] D. C, Lewis, 「Predicting the future of health care」, The Brown University Digest of Addiction Theory & Application, v 18, Iss. 4, p 12-16, 1999.
    [3] M. Stephen, William, K., 「The top 10 innovative products for 2006: Technology with a human touch」, The Futurist, v 30, Iss. 4, p. 16-20, 1996.
    [4] J. Schepps and A. Ronsen, 「Microwave Industry Outlook—Wireless Communication in Healthcare,」 IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 50, pp. 1044-1045, March 2002.
    [5] J. Millan, S.-E. Park, S. Kiefer, and J-U. Meyer, 「TOPCARE-Implementation of a Telematic Homecare Platform in Cooperative Health Care Provider Networks,」 Porc. Of the IEEE Second Joint EMBS/BMES Conf., pp. 1869-1870, Oct.2002.
    [6] K. Kong, C. Ng, and K. Ong, 「Web-Based Monitor of Real-Time ECG Data, 「 Porc. Of IEEE Computers in Cardiology, pp. 189-192, Oct. 2000.
    [7] Y. H. Nam, Z. Halm, Y. J. Chee, and K. S. Park, 「Development of Remote Diagnosis System Integrating Ditital Telemetery For Medicine, 「IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology, vol. 20, pp. 1170-1173, Nov. 1998.
    [8] Shinobu Tanaka, Masamichi Nogawa, and Ken-ichi Yamakoshi, 「Fully Automatic System for Monitoring Blood Pressure from aToilet-Seat Using the Volume-Oscillometric Method,」 Proceedings of the 27th Annual IEEE Conference on Engineering in Medicine and Biology, pp. 3939-3941, 2005.
    [9] G. Edward Barnes, M.S., and Steve Warren, 「A Wearable, Bluetooth-Enabled System for Home Health Care,」 IEEE Proc. Of the Joint EMES/EMBS Conf., pp. 23-26, Oct. 2002.
    [10] M. V. M. Figueredo1, J. S. Dias2, 「Mobile Telemedicine System for Home Care and Patient Monitoring,」 Proceedings of the 26th Annual IEEE Conference of the EMBS, pp. 3387-3390, 2004.
    [11] Shaosheng Dai, Yue Zhang, 「A Wireless Physiological Multi-parameter Monitoring System Based on Mobile Communication Networks,」 Computer-Based Medical Systems, 2006. CBMS 2006. 19th IEEE International Symposium on, pp.473-478, 2006.
    [12] M. Braecklein1, I. Tchoudovski1, C. Moor1, K. Egorouchkina1, L.P. Pang1, A. Bolz2, 「Wireless Telecardiological Monitoring System for the Homecare Area,」 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE on Engineering in Medicine and Biology 27th Annual Conference, 2005.
    [13] SoKwoo Rhee, Boo-Ho Yang, Kuowei Chang, 「The ring sensor: a new ambulatory wearable sensor for 24 hour patient monitoring」, The IEEE Engineering in Medical and Biology Society, 1998.
    [14] J. M. Choi, B. H. Choi, J. W. Seo, R. H. Sohn, M. S. Ryu, W. Yi, K. S. Park, 「A System for Ubiquitous Health Monitoring in the Bedroom via a Bluetooth Network and Wireless LAN,」 Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS, pp. 3362-3365, September 1-5, 2004.
    [15] Jianchu Yao , Ryan Schmitz and Steve Warren, 「A Wearable Point-of-Care System for Home Use That Incorporates Plug-and-Play and Wireless Standards,」 IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, vol. 9, no. 3, pp.363-371, Sep 2005.
    [16] Yan Yu, Jinping Ou, 「Design of Wireless Intelligent Sensor for Structural Health Monitoring,」 International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing, pp. 1-5, 14-17 Dec. 2004.
    [17] Hisanori Andoh, Kajiro Watanabe, Tetsuo Nakamura, Isamu Takasu, 「Network Health Monitoring System in the Sleep,」 SICE Annual Conference in Sapporo, pp. 1421-1424, August 4-6, 2004.
    [18] Arun Kumar, Fazlur Rahman, 「System for Wireless Health Monitoring,」 International Conference on Sensors for Industry, pp.207-210, New Orleans, Louisiana, 21-19 January 2004.
    [19] Dimitar H. Stefanov, Zeungnam Bien, Won-Chul Bang,, 「The Smart House for Older Persons and Persons With Physical Disabilities: Structure, Technology Arrangements, and Perspectives,」 IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 228-250, June 2004.
    [20] Roozbeh Jafari, Andre Encarnacao, Azad Zahoory, Foad Dabiri, Hyduke Noshadi, Majid Sarrafzadeh, 「Wireless Sensor Networks For Health Monitoring,」 Proceedings of the Second Annual International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems: Networking and Services, pp. 479-781, 17-21 July 2005.
    [21] Yuan-Hsiang Lin, I-Chien Jan, Patrick Chow-In Ko, Yen-Yu Chen, Jau-Min Wong, and Gwo-Jen Jan, 「A Wireless PDA-Based Physiological Monitoring System for Patient Transport,」 IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, vol. 8, no. 4, Dec. 2004.
    [22] P. R. Innocent and R. I. John, 「Computer aidedfuzzy medical diagnosis,」 Artif. Intell. Med., vol. 162, pp.81-104, 2004.
    [23] Varshney, U, 「Managing Wireless Health Monitoring for Patients with Disabilities,」 IEEE Computer Society, Vol. 8, Issue 6, pp. 12-16, Nov 2006.
    [24] Bill Moyer, 「Low-Power Design for Embedded Processors,」 proceedings of the IEEE, on page(s)：1576-1587, Nov. 2001.
    [25] Advanced RISE Machines Ltd., 「ARM Software Development Toolkit Version 2.50 User Guide」, Nov 1998.
    [26] Steve Furber, 「ARM System-on-chip Architecture,」 Harlow, England; New York：Addison-Wesley, 2000.
    [27] Vilem Srovnal, Marek Penhaker, 「Health Maintenance Embedded Systems in Home Care Applications,」 Second International Conference on Systems (ICONS), 2007.
    [28] Druzgalski, C.Wescon, 「Bioengineering and bioengineering and biotechnology system on chip integrated design」, 1998.
    [29] Nissila S., Sorvisto M., Sorvoja H., Vieri-Gashi E., Myllyla R., 「Non-invasive blood pressure measurement based on the electronic palpation method」, Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society of IEEE, 1998.
    [30] Jing Bai, Y.H.Zheng, Delin Shen, 「A Portable ECG and Bolld Pressure Telemonitoring System」,IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology, 1999.
    [31] Rantz, M.J., & Connolly, R.(2004). Measuring nursing care quality and using large data sets in non-acute care settings: State of the science. Nursing Outlook.52(1), 23-27.
    [32] Van der Werff, T.J., 『10 Emerging Technologies That Will Change the World』, 2001, http://www.globalfuture.com/mit-trends2001.htm.
    [33] R. Agrawal, K. I. Lin, H. S. Sawhney, and K. Shim, 「Fast Similarity Search in the Presence of Noise, Scaling, and Translation in Time-Series Databases,」In Proc. The 21st Intl Conf. on Very Large Data Bases, Zurich, Switzerland, pp. 490-501, Sept.1995.
    [34] E. Keoth, K. Charkrabarti, M. Pazzani and S. Mehrotra, 「Locally Adaptive Dimensionality Reduction for Indexing Large Time Series Databases,」 In proceeding of ACM SIGMOD Conference on Management of Data. Santa Barbara, CA, pp. 151-162, May 21-24 2001.
    [35] K.Chu and M.Wong,「Fast time-series searching with scaling and shifting,」 In Proceeding of ACM Principles on Database Systems, Philadelphia,PA, pp. 237-248, 1999.
    [36] E. Keogh, K. Chaakrabarti, M. Pazani, and S. Mehrotra, 「Dimensionality reduction for fast similarity search in large time series databases,」 Journal of Knowledge and Informatioin Systems, pp. 263-286, 2000.
    [37] L.Ji and K.L.Tan,」Identifying Time-Lagged Gene Clusters on Gene Expression Data,」 Bioinformatics, September 16 2004.
    [38] E.Keogh and M.J.Pazzani, 「Derivative Dynamic Time Warping,」 In First SIAM International Conference on Data Mining(SDM』) Chicago, Il, USA, pp. 5-7, April 2001.
    [39] E. Keogh, K. Chakrabarti, M. Pzzzani and S. Mehrotra, 「Locally Adaptive Dimensionality Reduction for Indexing Large Time Series Databases,」 In proceedings of ACM SIGMOD Conference on Management of Data. Santa Barbara, CA, PP. 151-162, May 21-24 2001.
    [40] J. Lin and E. Keogh, 「A Symbolic Representation of Time Series, with Implications for Streaming Algorithms, 「ACM SIGMOD Workshop on Research Issues in Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, San Diego, CA, June 13, 2003.
    [41] Jiapu Pan and Willis J. Tompkins, 「A Real-Time QRS Detection Algorithm,」 IEEE Transaction on Biomedical engineering, Vol. Bme-32, No. 3, march 1985.
    [42] Chao-Yu Liu, 「Personalized E-News Monitoring Agent System for Tracking User-interested Chinese News Events,」 National Chengchi University Department of Computer and Information Engineering, Master Thesis, 2006.
    [43] C. Faloutsos, M. Ranganathan and Y. Manolopoulos, 「Fast Subsequence Matching in Time-Series Databases, 「In proceeding of the ACM SIGMOD Int』l Conference on Management of Data, Minneapolis, MN, pp. 419-429, May 24-27 1994.

    .

    中文部份
    [44] 劉紘志，」台灣地區老人健康行為對身體功能之影響」，臺中健康暨管理學院健康管理研究所碩士論文，民國九十三年一月。
    [45] 行政院經濟建設委員會http://www.cepd.gov.tw/
    [46] 王唯工，」氣的樂章」，大塊文化出版社2002。
    [47] 張淵凱，」以ARM為基礎的脈搏訊號處理系統之研製」，義守大學電子工程研究所，碩士論文，2003。
    [48] 計算中心通訊，《深入報導》：從半導體到中醫科學實證之路—訪物理所王唯工，第13卷19期，出版日期：86年9月15日，http://www.sinica.edu.tw/cc/nl/86/1319/index.html.
    [49] 於凱群，」非侵入式脈搏量測系統之設計」，逢甲大學自動控制工程研究所，碩士論文，2000。
    [50] 張修誠，」以脈搏諧波頻譜分析探討中醫臟象學說與器官共振理論之相關性研究」，中國醫藥學院中國醫藥研究所，博士論文，2002。
    [51] 張凱雄，」嵌入式心電圖量測系統設計及其在遠距個人保健上之應用」，國立成功大學電機工程學系，碩士論文，2004。
    [52] 劉建傑，」基於符號表示法之高效能的時間子序列探勘方法」，國立成功大學資訊工程研究所，碩士論文，2005。

    QR CODE