白花蝴蝶蘭複合群 (Phalaenopsis amabilis complex) 包含白花蝴蝶蘭 (P. aphrodite)、南洋白花蝴蝶蘭 (P. amabilis)、桑德蝴蝶蘭 (P. sanderiana) 及數個亞種。目前此複合群的分類觀點僅基於有限的形態特徵、地理分布及少量的分子標記，可能導致其物種界定和演化推論疑義。本研究在其分布範圍內採樣171個樣本，透過雙限制酶切位點標定法 (ddRADseq) 並結合形態學數據重建該複合群的親緣關係。本研究旨在闡明其物種界定並釐清演化歷史。綜合基因組資料和形態分析結果，P. amabilis中包含三個遺傳分群，分化過程中伴隨有限的基因交流，但形態上無法區分，顯示此類群尚處於分化早期。P. aphrodite中沒有明顯的遺傳分群，且P. aphrodite和P. sanderiana在遺傳和形態上皆無法區分別，分化過程中保持持續的基因交流。白花蝴蝶蘭複合群的演化歷史受到多次的播遷和隔離事件影響，其中，過去的氣候震盪導致的植被變化可能為P. amabilis遺傳分化的原因。基於綜合分類學，本研究結果不支持目前對於白花蝴蝶蘭複合群的分類觀點，建議將P. aphrodite和 P. sanderiana視為同一物種，且不再針對P. amabilis和P. aphrodite做進一步的種下位階劃分。

The Phalaenopsis amabilis complex comprises P. aphrodite, P. amabilis, P. sanderiana, and several subspecies. The taxonomy of this complex was based on limited morphological traits, geographical distribution, and few genetic markers, which may have led to misconceptions in species delineation and evolutionary inference. This study sampled 171 individuals across their distribution range, employing ddRADseq to reconstruct their phylogenetic relationships. The aim was to elucidate species delimitation further and clarify the evolutionary history by combining molecular data and morphological analysis. Based on genomic data and morphological analysis, P. amabilis group consists of three distinct genetic groups, with limited gene flow during the speciation process. However, they are morphologically indistinguishable, suggesting that P. amabilis group is in the early stages of speciation. In contrast, the P. aphrodite group does not show any distinct genetic group. P. aphrodite and P. sanderiana are genetically and morphologically indistinguishable, with continous gene flow during the speciation process. The evolutionary history of the complex has been shaped by dispersal and vicariance events. The genetic differentiation within P. amabilis group appears to be influenced by vegetation changes stemming from climatic oscillations.
Based on the integrative taxonomy, the current taxonomy of the Phalaenopsis amabilis complex is not corroborated. The results of this study do not support the current classification views regarding the Phalaenopsis aphrodite complex, suggesting that P. aphrodite and P. sanderiana should be considered the same species. Further infraspecific categorization between P. amabilis and P. aphrodite should no longer be pursued.

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