近年為了因應全球經濟與金融科技的發展迅速，台灣的政府機關除了不斷推動金融業各項數位轉型的政策，亦鼓勵業者加強各項基礎建設與提升各項創新的金融服務與專利。新穎的想法固然可以創造出一個新的局勢讓銀行立於不敗之地，但創新是否一定能在競爭力或營運績效上獲得加分效果？

　　本研究將臺灣各家銀行2013年至2020年的財務與金融專利資料依資產規模與淨收益以K-means分群法分成領先、追趕及落後三個分群，再分別以PR檢定法分析市場競爭度與運用資料包絡法分析不同分群裡銀行的經營績效。

　　研究結果可得知規模領先者分群裡的市場競爭度是最為激烈的，其中泛公股銀行對於營收的效率比較低下，反之民營銀行營收效率都比較亮眼。追趕者分群是經營效率變化最為明顯的一群，但市場區隔性亦相對最不明顯，所以追趕者分群裡的銀行若要迎頭趕上領先者分群最需要做中長期營運目標與計劃。規模落後者分群的銀行在數據上顯示需要強化營收的相對效率，而且金融創新在該競爭市場分群裡應該要個別化的操作，若能夠在健全發展的金融專利保護之下，尚有可能獲得短暫的壟斷性市場。長期而言仍無法和領先分群的銀行相抗衡。研究結果亦觀察到手續費收入在各分群裡皆屬於營收相對效率有缺口的部份，短期內將會是銀行業者的兵家必爭之地。

In response to the rapid development of the global economy and financial technology in recent years, in addition to continuously promoting policies for digital transformation of the financial industry, Taiwan's government agencies also encourage industry players to strengthen various infrastructures and upgrade various innovative financial services and patents. Fresh ideas can certainly create a new situation where banks can be invincible, but does innovation necessarily lead to extra points in competitiveness or operational performance?

In this study, the financial and financial patent data of various banks in Taiwan from 2013 to 2020 were divided into three groups: leading, chasing, and lagging by K-means grouping method according to asset size and income , and then using PR test method to analyze market competition and application data. The envelope method analyzes the operating performance of banks in different groups.

The research results show that the market competition among the scale leaders is the most intense. Among them, pan-public banks are relatively inefficient in terms of revenue, while private banks are more efficient in terms of revenue. The chaser group is the group with the most obvious changes in operating efficiency, but the market segmentation is also the least obvious. Therefore, if the banks in the chaser group want to catch up with the leader group, they most need to make medium and long-term business goals and plans. The data shows that the banks in the laggard group need to strengthen the relative efficiency of revenue, and financial innovation should be individualized in this competitive market group. A short-lived monopoly market. In the long run, it is still unable to compete with the leading group of banks. The research results also observed that the fee income in each group belongs to the part with a gap in the relative efficiency of revenue, which will be a battleground for the banking industry in the short term.

Aghion, P., Bloom, N., Blundell, R., Griffith, R., & Howitt, P. (2005). "Competition and innovation: An inverted-U relationship." The quarterly journal of economics 120(2): 701-728.

Aly, H. Y., Grabowski, R., Pasurka, C., & Rangan, N. (1990). "Technical, scale, and allocative efficiencies in US banking: An empirical investigation." The review of economics and statistics: 211-218.

Banker, R. D., Charnes, A., & Cooper, W. W. (1984). "Some models for estimating technical and scale inefficiencies in data envelopment analysis." Management science 30(9): 1078-1092.

Bikker, J. A., Shaffer, S., & Spierdijk, L. (2012). "Assessing competition with the Panzar-Rosse model: The role of scale, costs, and equilibrium." Review of Economics and Statistics 94(4): 1025-1044.

Charnes, A., Cooper, W. W., & Rhodes, E. (1978). "Measuring the efficiency of decision making units." European journal of operational research 2(6): 429-444.

CHOU, Y. (2004). "Technological revolutions and financial innovations."

Frame, W. S., & White, L. J. (2004). "Empirical studies of financial innovation: lots of talk, little action?" Journal of economic literature 42(1): 116-144.

Giordana, G. A., & Schumacher, I. (2017). "An empirical study on the impact of Basel III standards on banks’ default risk: The case of Luxembourg." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 10(2): 8.

Hall, B. H. (2003). Business method patents, innovation, and policy.

Ho, T. S., & Saunders, A. (1981). "The determinants of bank interest margins: theory and empirical evidence." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 16(4): 581-600.

Kao, C., Hwang, S. N., & Sueyoshi, T. (2003). "Management performance evaluation: Data envelopment analysis." Hwatai Publishing Co.: Taipei 18.

Lee, H. B., & Macqueen, J. B. (1980). "A K-Means cluster analysis computer program with cross-tabulations and next-nearest-neighbor analysis." Educational and Psychological Measurement 40(1): 133-138.

Lerner, J. (2002). "Where does State Street lead? A first look at finance patents, 1971 to 2000." The Journal of Finance 57(2): 901-930.

Panzar, J. C., & Rosse, J. N. (1987). "Testing for" monopoly" equilibrium." The journal of industrial economics: 443-456.

Pareto, V. (1912). "Manuel d’économie politique." Bull. Amer. Math. Soc 18(462-474): 3.

Perez, C. (2010). "Technological revolutions and techno-economic paradigms." Cambridge journal of economics 34(1): 185-202.

Schumpeter, J. A. (1942). "Capitalism, socialism and democracy." New York.

Shaffer, S. (2004). "Patterns of competition in banking." Journal of Economics and Business 56(4): 287-313.

Stiroh, K. J., & Rumble, A. (2006). "The dark side of diversification: The case of US financial holding companies." Journal of banking & finance 30(8): 2131-2161.

Tufano, P. (1989). "Financial innovation and first-mover advantages." Journal of financial economics 25(2): 213-240.

何文榮、詹益郎與邱文鑑（2008). "非金控體系銀行業經營績效之探討－以DEA與MPI模型評估." 全球管理與經濟 4(2): 15-44.

呂佩珊 (2013). 台灣銀行服務產業市場集中、競爭和金融創新之關係. 服務與科技管理研究所, 國立臺北科技大學: 1-142.

姚國中 (2008). 臺灣銀行業科技服務創新與績效之研究. 經濟學研究所, 國立臺灣大學: 1-79.

陳達新、陳維寧與盧耀晟 (2005). "銀行民營化與金控公司成立對經營效率影響與併購企圖心之研究." 東海管理評論 7(1): 87-108.

曾昭玲與陳昭如 (2012). "我國上市上櫃銀行非傳統業務收入與表外交易業務規模之風險性研究." 台灣管理學刊 12(2): 139-157.

黃台心、江典霖與張雅凱(2015). "再探銀行產業的市場競爭度－東亞八國的實證分析." 管理評論 34(4): 59-76.

黃台心與江典霖 (2014). "我國銀行業市場競爭度與金融創新之關聯 " 中央銀行季刋: 第36卷，第32期.

劉順仁 (2011). "動態競爭與財報分析." 會計研究月刊(305): 56-62.