台灣產月桃屬植物之系統分類處理歷來未能獲得一致認同的結果，推測頻繁的天然雜交及島田氏月桃複合群內特徵多變異是主要的難點，故本論文針對此二方向進行探討。
台灣月桃屬網狀雜交關係假說的提出根據形態特徵、花粉孕性偏低及地理分布等特性。本研究透過分子方法證實此假說；除了雜交個體及其親本種的鑑別，單向或雙向的雜交配對模式也獲得確認。共鑑別出9種來自不同物種配對組合的雜交，佔所有15種可能組合的60%。透過比較這些雜交配對特性之異同點，推論生態地理屏障(ecogeographic barriers)、傳粉者精確度(pollinator fidelity)以及雜交不親和(cross-incompatibility)是月桃屬植物關鍵的生殖屏障；依序在其生活史中發生作用以達到物種維持。然而，在不同配對物種間，每一生殖屏障的貢獻度有所差異。
島田氏月桃複合群為台灣特有，其分化的歷程深受台灣地質歷史之影響。本研究全島採樣226個體，結合兩段葉綠體非轉錄區序列進行分析，結果顯示中央山脈兩側的遺傳組成有顯著的差異；檢視形態特徵「小苞片有無」獲得與地理親緣相符的歸群結果，此複合群應區分為普萊氏月桃及島田氏月桃兩支系。普萊氏月桃不論在單型及核苷酸的變異度上均高於島田氏月桃，代表其較長的族群歷史以及較複雜的變動歷程。這一群植物的共同祖先約在更新世抵達台灣，中央山脈的阻隔與多次的冰河進退可能對這群亞熱帶森林性植物的種化、遷移及生存扮演關鍵的角色；台灣東南端山區及阿里山山脈分別被推論為普萊氏月桃及島田氏月桃的潛在避難所。
綜合以上結果，台灣產月桃屬之關係已得釐清，包含6個具有明確種別特徵的種類。由於不同配對種間生殖屏障的破壞，產生各式樣的雜交後代，造成野外族群形態及遺傳組成上的許多變異。

Systematics of Alpinia in Taiwan has been progressively studied, but without consense result. Interspecific natural hybridizations and the polymorphic characters in A. shimadai species complex were presumely the major problems, and are the two principal targets in this dissertation.
Reticulate hybridization in Taiwanese Alpinia has been suggested based on morphological, pollen fertility, and geographic features. In the study, we discerned the identities of hybrids and their parental species. Both unidirectional and reciprocal hybridizations were observed. In total, nine of fifteen possible species pairings (60%) have been recognized. Based on comparative studies from different categories of hybrid structure, ecogeographic barriers, pollinator fidelity, and cross-incompatibility were inferred as three sequential critical reproductive barriers for species maintenance. However, the contribution of each barrier varied among species pairings.
As an endemic taxon, differentiation of Alpinia shimadai complex was thought to concertedly coincide with the geological history of Taiwan. Chloroplast sequences of two non-coding regions from 226 samples were analyzed. A significant structure with haplotype composition between west and east side of the Central Mountain Ridge (CMR) was identified, a result consistent with the differentiation at morphological trait of bracteole. Accordingly, two lineages of A. pricei and A. shimadai, within A. shimadai complex were evidently distinguished. Higher genetic diversity detected in A. pricei suggested a longer demographic history and/or more complicated evolution process. The colonization of the recent common ancestor in Taiwan was estimated during Pleistocene. Standing of the CMR and iterative advance and retreat of glacial cycles facilitated speciation, migration, and survival of these plants resided in subtropical forests. Mountainous regions in southeastern Taiwan and the Alishan Mountain Ridge were inferred as potential refugia for A. pricei and A. shimadai, respectively.
Combining results from the above, systematics of Taiwanese Alpinia has been well framed. Six indigenous species with defined diagnostic characters were identified. Moreover, the breakdown of reproductive barriers among different species pairings contributed the diverse hybridization and thus resulted in great morphological and genetic variations found in field.

References
Archibald JK, Wolfe AD, Johnson SD (2004) Hybridization and gene flow between a day-and night-flowering species of Zaluzianskya (Scrophulariaceae SS, tribe Manuleeae). Am J Bot 91:1333-1344
Aguilar JF, Rossello JA, Feliner GN (1999) Nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) concerted evolution in natural and artificial hybrids of Armeria (Plumbaginaceae). Mol Ecol 8:1341-1346
Arnold ML (1992) Natural hybridization as an evolutionary process. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 23:237-261
Arnold ML (1993) Iris nelsonii (Iridaceae) - Origin and genetic composition of a homoploid hybrid species. Am J Bot 80:577-583
Arnold ML (1997) Natural hybridization and evolution. Oxford University Press, New York
Arnold ML, Hodges SA (1995) Are natural hybrids fit or unfit relative to their parents. Trends Ecol Evol 10:67-71
Ayres DR, Grotkopp E, Zaremba K, Sloop CM, Blum MJ, Bailey JP, Anttila CK, Strong DR (2008) Hybridization between invasive Spartina densiflora (Poaceae) and native S. foliosa in San Francisco Bay, California, USA. Am J Bot 95: 713-719
Baack EJ, Whitney KD, Rieseberg LH (2005) Hybridization and genome size evolution: timing and magnitude of nuclear DNA content increases in Helianthus homoploid hybrid species. New Phytol 167:623-630
Barber JC, Finch CC, Francisco-Ortega J, Santos-Guerra A, Jansen RK (2007) Hybridization in Macaronesian Sideritis (Lamiaceae): evidence from incongruence of multiple independent nuclear and chloroplast sequence datasets. Taxon 56:74-88
Barrier M, Baldwin BG, Robichaux RH, Purugganan MD (1999) Interspecific hybrid ancestry of a plant adaptive radiation: Allopolyploidy of the Hawaiian silversword alliance (Asteraceae) inferred from floral homeotic gene duplications. Mol Biol Evol 16:1105-1113
Beck JB, Schmuths H, Schaal BA (2008) Native range genetic variation in Arabidopsis thaliana is strongly geographically structured and reflects Pleistocene glacial dynamics. Mol Ecol 17:902-915
Bleeker W, Hurka H (2001) Introgressive hybridization in Rorippa (Brassicaceae): gene flow and its consequences in natural and anthropogenic habitats. Mol Ecol 10:2013-2022
Buerkle CA, Morris RJ, Asmussen MA, Rieseberg LH (2000) The likelihood of homoploid hybrid speciation. Heredity 84:441-451
Burgess KS, Husband BC (2004) Maternal and paternal contributions to the fitness of hybrids between red and white mulberry (Morus, Moraceae). Am J Bot 91:1802-1808
Cano-Maqueda J, Talavera S, Arista M, Catalan P (2008) Speciation and biogeographical history of the Campanula lusitanica complex (Campanulaceae) in the Western Mediterranean region. Taxon 57:1252-1266
Carine MA, Robba L, Little R, Russell S, Guerra AS (2007) Molecular and morphological evidence for hybridization between endemic Canary Island Convolvulus. Bot J Linn Soc 154:187-204
Carstens BC, Stevenson AL, Degenhardt JD, Sullivan J (2004) Testing nested phylogenetic and phylogeographic hypotheses in the Plethodon vandykei species group. Syst Biol 53:781-792
Chen ZY, Huang XX (1996) Cytotaxonomy of the tribe Alpineae. In: Wu TL, Wu QG, Chen ZY (eds) Proceedings of the second symposium on the family Zingiberaceae. Zhongshan University Press, Guangzhou, China, pp 112-121
Cheng YP, Hwang SY, Chiou WL, Lin TP (2006) Allozyme variation of populations of Castanopsis carlesii (Fagaceae) revealing the diversity centres and areas of the greatest divergence in Taiwan. Ann Bot-London 98:601-608
Cheng YP, Hwang SY, Lin TP (2005) Potential refugia in Taiwan revealed by the phylogeographical study of Castanopsis carlesii Hayata (Fagaceae). Mol Ecol 14:2075-2085
Chiang TY, Hong KH, Peng CI (2001) Experimental hybridization reveals biased inheritance of the internal transcribed spacer of the nuclear ribosomal DNA in Begonia x taipeiensis. J Plant Res 114:343-351
Chiang TY, Hung KH, Hsu TW, Wu WL (2004) Lineage sorting and phylogeography in Lithocarpus formosanus and L. dodonaeifolius (Fagaceae) from Taiwan. Ann Mo Bot Gard 91:207-222
Chung JD, Lin TP, Chen YL, Cheng YP, Hwang SY (2007) Phylogeographic study reveals the origin and evolutionary history of a Rhododendron species complex in Taiwan. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 42:14-24
Comes HP, Kadereit JW (1998) The effect of Quaternary climatic changes on plant distribution and evolution. Trends Plant Sci 3:432-438
Devey DS, Chase MW, Clarkson JJ (2009) A stuttering start to plant DNA barcoding: microsatellites present a previously overlooked problem in non-coding plastid regions. Taxon 58:7-15
Dobes CH, Mitchell-Olds T, Koch MA (2004) Extensive chloroplast haplotype variation indicates Pleistocene hybridization and radiation of North American Arabis drummondii, A. x divaricarpa, and A. holboellii (Brassicaceae). Mol Ecol 13:349-370
Drummond AJ, Rambaut A (2007) BEAST: Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees. BMC Evol Biol 7:214
Endress PK (1994) Diversity and Evolutionary Biology of Tropical Flowers. Cambridge university press, UK
Excoffier L, Laval G, Schneider S (2005) Arlequin ver. 3.0:An integrated software package for population genetics data analysis. Evolutionary Bioinformatics Online 1:47-50
Ferguson D, Sang T (2001) Speciation through homoploid hybridization between allotetraploids in peonies (Paeonia). P Natl Acad Sci USA 98:3915-3919
Grant V (1981) Plant speciation. Columbia university press, New York
Guo YP, Vogl C, Van Loo M, Ehrendorfer F (2006) Hybrid origin and differentiation of two tetraploid Achillea species in East Asia: molecular, morphological and ecogeographical evidence. Mol Ecol 15:133-144
Hamzeh M, Perinet P, Dayanandan S (2006) Genetic relationships among species of Populus (Salicaceae) based on nuclear genomic data. J Torrey Bot Soc 133:519-527
Hayata B (1915) Scitamineae. Icones Plantarum Formosanarum 5:215-228
Hewitt GM (1996) Some genetic consequences of ice ages, and their role in divergence and speciation. Biol J Linn Soc 58:247-276
Howarth DG, Baum DA (2005) Genealogical evidence of homoploid hybrid speciation in an adaptive radiation of Scaevola (goodeniaceae) in the Hawaiian Islands. Evolution 59:948-961
Huang SSF, Hwang SY, Lin TP (2002) Spatial pattern of chloroplast DNA variation of Cyclobalanopsis glauca in Taiwan and east Asia. Mol Ecol 11:2349-2358
Jiggins CD, Mallet J (2000) Bimodal hybrid zones and speciation. Trends Ecol Evol 15:250-255
Joly S, Starr JR, Lewis WH, Bruneau A (2006) Polyploid and hybrid evolution in roses east of the Rocky Mountains. Am J Bot 93:412-425
Karrenberg S, Lexer C, Rieseberg LH (2007) Reconstructing the history of selection during homoploid hybrid speciation. Am Nat 169:725-737
Kay KM (2006) Reproductive isolation between two closely related hummingbird-pollinated neotropical gingers. Evolution 60:538-552
Kovarik A, Matyasek R, Lim KY, Skalicka K, Koukalova B, Knapp S, Chase M, Leitch AR (2004) Concerted evolution of 18-5.8-26S rDNA repeats in Nicotiana allotetraploids. Biol J Linn Soc 82:615-625
Kress WJ, Prince LM, Williams KJ (2002) The phylogeny and a new classification of the gingers (Zingiberaceae): Evidence from molecular data. Am J Bot 89:1682-1696
Kress WJ, Liu AZ, Newman M, Li QJ (2005) The molecular phylogeny of Alpinia (Zingiberaceae): A complex and polyphyletic genus of gingers. Am J Bot 92:167-178
Kress WJ, Newman MF, Poulsen AD, Specht C (2007) An analysis of generic circumscriptions in tribe Alpinieae (Alpiniodeae: Zingiberiaceae). Gard Bull Singapore 59:113-128
Kuo YW (2006) Taxonomy of the genus Alpinia (Zingiberaceae) in Taiwan and the analyses of their rootstock essential oils. Master thesis. National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan, 127 pp
Kuo YW, Lu FY, Duh MH, Deng SL (2008) A new species, Alpinia nantoensis (Zingiberaceae) from Taiwan. Taiwan J For Sci 23: 93-97.
Larsen K (1996) The Zingiberaceae of the Malesian region. In: Wu, TL et al. (eds) Proceedings of the second symposium on the family Zingiberacece. Zhongshan University Press, Guangzhou, China, pp 10-14
Larsen K, Lock JM, Maas H, Maas PJM (1998) Zingiberaceae. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany
Lee YJ, Hwang SY, Ho KC, Lin TP (2006) Source populations of Quercus glauca in the last glacial age in taiwan revealed by nuclear microsatellite markers. J Hered 97:261-269
Li QJ, Xu ZF, Kress WJ, Xia YM, Zhang L, Deng XB, Gao JY, Bai ZL (2001a) Flexible style that encourages outcrossing. Nature 410: 432-432 (erratum vol 411: 260-260)
Li QJ, Xu ZF, Xia YM, Zhang L, Deng XB, Gao JY (2001b) Study on the flexistyly pollination mechanism in Alpinia plants (Zingiberaceae). Acta Bot Sinica 43:364-369
Li QJ, Kress WJ, Xu ZF, Mia YM, Zhang L, Deng XB, Gao JY (2002) Mating system and stigmatic behaviour during flowering of Alpinia kwangsiensis (Zingiberaceae). Plant Syst Evol 232:123-132
Liew PM (1991) Pleistocene cool stages and geological changes of western Taiwan based on palynological study. Acta Geologica Taiwanica 29:21-32
Linder CR, Rieseberg LH (2004) Reconstructing patterns of reticulate evolution in plants. Am J Bot 91:1700-1708
Liu SC, Lu CT, Wang JC (2009) Reticulate hybridization of Alpinia (Zingiberaceae) in Taiwan. J. Plant Res. 122(3): 305-316.
Liu SC, Wang JC (2009) New natural hybrid, Alpinia x ilanensis (Zingiberaceae) in Taiwan. Taiwania 54(2):134-139
Manos PS, Steele KP (1997) Phylogenetic analyses of ''higher'' Hamamelididae based on plastid sequence data. Am J Bot 84:1407-1419
McCracken KG, Sorenson MD (2005) Is homoplasy or lineage sorting the source of incongruent mtDNA and nuclear gene trees in the stiff-tailed ducks (Nomonyx-oxyura)? Syst Biol 54:35-55
Milne RI, Abbott RJ, Wolff K, Charberlain DF (1999) Hybridization among sympatric species of Rhododendron (Ericaceae) in Turkey: Morphological and molecular evidence. Am J Bot 86:1776-1785
Moller M, Cronk QCB (1997) Origin and relationships of Saintpaulia (Gesneriaceae) based on ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. Am J Bot 84:956-965
Moo CT (1973) Taxonomic studies on Zingiberaceae plants of Taiwan. Master thesis. National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, 183 pp
Moyle LC, Olson MS, Tiffin P (2004) Patterns of reproductive isolation in three angiosperm genera. Evolution 58:1195-1208
Muir G, Schlotterer C (2005) Evidence for shared ancestral polymorphism rather than recurrent gene flow at microsatellite loci differentiating two hybridizing oaks (Quercus spp.). Mol Ecol 14:549-561
Nagamitsu T, Kawahara T, Kanazashi A (2006) Endemic dwarf birch Betula apoiensis (Betulaceae) is a hybrid that originated from Betula ermanii and Betula ovalifolia. Plant Spec Biol 21:19-29
Nielsen R, Beaumont MA (2009) Statistical inferences in phylogeography. Mol Ecol 18:1034-1047
Noyes RD (2006) Intraspecific nuclear ribosomal DNA divergence and reticulation in sexual diploid Erigeron strigosus (Asteraceae). Am J Bot 93:470-479
Pan J, Zhang DM, Sang T (2007) Molecular phylogenetic evidence for the origin of a diploid hybrid of Paeonia (Paeoniaceae). Am J Bot 94:400-408
Peng CI, Chiang TY (2000) Molecular confirmation of unidirectional hybridization in Begonia x taipeiensis Peng (Begoniaceae) from Taiwan. Ann Mo Bot Gard 87:273-285
Petit RJ, Aguinagalde I, de Beaulieu JL, Bittkau C, Brewer S, Cheddadi R, Ennos R, Fineschi S, Grivet D, Lascoux M, Mohanty A, Muller-Starck GM, Demesure-Musch B, Palme A, Martin JP, Rendell S, Vendramin GG (2003) Glacial refugia: Hotspots but not melting pots of genetic diversity. Science 300:1563-1565
Phillips SJ, Anderson RP, Schapire RE (2006) Maximum entropy modeling of species geographic distributions. Ecological Modelling 190:231-259
Pillon Y, Munzinger J, Amir H, Hopkins HCF, Chase MW (2009) Reticulate evolution on a mosaic of soils: diversification of the New Caledonian endemic genus Codia (Cunoniaceae). Mol Ecol 18:2263-2275
Rambaut A, Drummond AJ (2007) Tracer v1.4, available from http://beastbioedacuk/Tracer
Ramsey J, Bradshaw HD, Schemske DW (2003) Components of reproductive isolation between the monkeyflowers Mimulus lewisii and M. cardinalis (Phrymaceae). Evolution 57:1520-1534
Rangsiruji A, Newman MF, Cronk QCB (2000a) Origin and relationships of Alpinia galanga (Zingiberaceae) based on molecular data. Ediburgh J Bot 57:9-37
Rangsiruji A, Newman MF, Cronk QCB (2000b) A study of the infrageneric classification of Alpinia (Zingiberaceae) based on the ITS region of nuclear rDNA and the trnL-F spacer of chloroplast DNA In: Wilson KL, Morrison DA (eds) Monocots: systematics and evolution. CSIRO, Melbourne, pp 695-709
Rieseberg LH (1991) Homoploid reticulate evolution in Helianthus (Asteraceae) - evidence from ribosomal genes. Am J Bot 78:1218-1237
Rieseberg LH (1995) The role of hybridization in evolution - old wine in new skins. Am J Bot 82:944-953
Rieseberg LH (1997) Hybrid origins of plant species. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 28:359-389
Rieseberg LH (2006) Hybrid speciation in wild sunflowers. Ann Mo Bot Gard 93:34-48
Rosenthal DM, Rieseberg LH, Donovan LA (2005) Re-creating ancient hybrid species' complex phenotypes from early-generation synthetic hybrids: three examples using wild sunflowers. Am Nat 166:26-41
Rozas J, Sanchez-DelBarrio JC, Messeguer X, Rozas R (2003) DnaSP, DNA polymorphism analyses by the coalescent and other methods. Bioinformatics 19:2496-2497
Sang T, Crawford DJ, Stuessy TF (1997) Chloroplast DNA phylogeny, reticulate evolution, and biogeography of Paeonia (Paeoniaceae). Am J Bot 84:1120-1136
Schemske DW (2000) Understanding the origin of species. Evolution 54: 1069-1073.
Schuman K (1904) Alpinia L. In: Engler A (ed) Das Pflanzenreich 6. Engelmann, Leipzig, pp 308-371
Shaw J, Lickey EB, Schilling EE, Small RL (2007) Comparison of whole chloroplast genome sequences to choose noncoding regions for phylogenetic studies in angiosperms: The tortoise and the hare III. Am J Bot 94:275-288
Shen CF (1997) The biogeography of Taiwan: 2. Some preliminary thoughts and studies. Annual report of Taiwan Museum 40:361-450
Shih HT, Hung HC, Schubart CD, Chen CA, Chang HW (2006) Intraspecific genetic diversity of the endemic freshwater crab Candidiopotamon rathbunae (Decapoda, Brachyura, Potami¬dae) reflects five million years of the geological history of Taiwan. J Biogeogr 33: 980–989
Simmons MP, Ochoterena H (2000) Gaps as characters in sequence-based phylogenetic analyses. Syst Biol 49:369-381
Small RL, Ryburn JA, Cronn RC, Seelanan T, Wendel JF (1998) The tortoise and the hare: choosing between noncoding plastome and nuclear Adh sequences for phylogeny reconstruction in a recently diverged plant group. Am J Bot 85:1301-1315
Smith RM (1990) Alpinia (Zingiberaceae): a proposal new infrageneric classification. Ediburgh J Bot 47:1-75
Smith SA, Donoghue MJ (2008) Rates of molecular evolution are linked to life history in flowering plants. Science 322:86-89
Stecconi M, Marchelli P, Puntieri J, Picca P, Gallo L (2004) Natural hybridization between a deciduous (Nothofagus antarctica, Nothofagaceae) and an evergreen (N. dombeyi) forest tree species: evidence from morphological and isoenzymatic traits. Ann Bot-London 94:775-786
Steele KP, Vilgalys R (1994) Phylogenetic analyses of Polemoniaceae using nucleotide sequences of the plastid gene matK. Syst Bot 19:126–142
Sun S, Gao JY, Liao WJ, Li QJ, Zhang DY (2007) Adaptive significance of flexistyly in Alpinia blepharocalyx (Zingiberaceae): a hand-pollination experiment. Ann Bot-London 99:661-666
Swofford DL (2002) PAUP*. Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods). Version 4. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts
Tagane S, Hiramatsu M, Okubo H (2008) Hybridization and asymmetric introgression between Rhododendron eriocarpum and R. indicum on Yakushima Island, southwest Japan. J Plant Res 121:387-395
Tamura K, Dudley J, Nei M, Kumar S (2007) MEGA4: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol Biol Evol 24:1596-1599
Tawada S (1987) A new hybrid of Alpinia from Okinawa Island, Ryukyu, Japan. J Phytogeogr Taxon 35:83-84
Taberlet P, Gielly L, Pautou G, Bouvet J (1991) Universai primers for ampication of 3 noncoding regions of chloroplast DNA. Plant Mol Bio 17(5):1105-1109
Teng LS (1990) Geotectonic evolution of late Cenozoic arc-continent collision in Taiwan. Tectonophysics 125:17-37.
Tiffin P, Olson MS, Moyle LC (2001) Asymmetrical crossing barriers in angiosperms. P Roy Soc Lond B Bio 268:861-867
Tseng YH, Hsieh CF, Hu JM (2008) Incidences and ecological correlates of dioecious angiosperms in Taiwan and its outlying Orchid Island. Bot Stud 49:261-276
Turelli M, Moyle LC (2007) Asymmetric postmating isolation: Darwin's corollary to Haldane's rule. Genetics 176:1059-1088
Walker EH (1976) Flora of Okinawa and the Southern Rhukyu Islands. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D C
Weeks A, Simpson BB (2004) Molecular genetic evidence for interspecific hybridization among endemic Hispaniolan Bursera (Burseraceae). Am J Bot 91:976-984
Wendel JF, Schnabel A, Seelanan T (1995) Bidirectional Interlocus concerted evolution following allopolyploid speciation in cotton (Gossypium). P Natl Acad Sci USA 92:280-284
Widmer A, Lexer C, Cozzolino S (2009) Evolution of reproductive isolation in plants. Heredity 102:31-38
Wu TL, Larsen K (2000) Family Zingiberaceae. In: Wu ZG and Raven PH (eds) Flora of China, 24: 322-377. Science Press, Beijing, China, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
Yamaji H, Fukuda T, Yokoyama J, Pak JH, Zhou CZ, Yang CS, Kondo K, Morota T, Takeda S, Sasaki H, Maki M (2007) Reticulate evolution and phylogeography in Asarum sect. Asiasarum (Aristolochiaceae) documented in internal transcribed spacer sequences (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Mol Phyl Evol 44:863-884
Yamane K, Yano K, Kawahara T (2006) Pattern and rate of indel evolution inferred from whole chloroplast intergenic regions in sugarcane, maize and rice. DNA Res 13:197-204
Yang JJ (1993) A taxonomic study of Alpinia Roxb. (Zingiberaceae) of Taiwan. Master thesis. National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan, 118 pp
Yang JJ, Wang JC (1998) The systematic study of Taiwanese Alpinia (Zingiberaceae). In: Chiu ST, Peng CI (eds) Proceedings of the cross-strait symposium on floristic diversity and conservation. National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, Taiwan, pp 183-197
Yang JJ, Wang JC (2000) Alpinia Roxb. In: Huang TC et al. (eds) Flora of Taiwan 2nd ed 5:707-717. Editorial Committee of the Flora of Taiwan Taipei, Taiwan
Zha HG, Milne RI, Sun H (2008) Morphological and molecular evidence of natural hybridization between two distantly related Rhododendron species from the Sino-Himalaya. Bot J Linn Soc 156:119-129
Zhang JL, Zhang CQ, Gao LM, Yang JB, Li HT (2007) Natural hybridization origin of Rhododendron agastum (Ericaceae) in Yunnan, China: inferred from morphological and molecular evidence. J Plant Res 120:457-463
Zhang L, Li QJ, Deng XB, Ren PY, Gao JY (2003) Reproductive biology of Alpinia blepharocalyx (Zingiberaceae): another example of flexistyly. Plant Syst Evol 241:67-76
Zheng Z (2000) Vegetation and climate since the late Pleistocene in southern China. J Geosci China 2:7-20
Zhou RC, Gong X, Boufford D, Wu CI, Shi SH (2008) Testing a hypothesis of unidirectional hybridization in plants: Observations on Sonneratia, Bruguiera and Ligularia. BMC Evol Biol 8:149-157