研究生: |
王佩芬 Wang, Pei-Fen |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
探究國中補校英文科教學策略 ― 應用折衷式教學法於課堂之行動研究 An Exploration of English Teaching Strategy at Supplementary Junior High School: Action Research on Applying the Eclectic Method to English Classes |
指導教授: |
唐淑華
Tang, Shu-Hua |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
教育學系 Department of Education |
論文出版年: | 2019 |
畢業學年度: | 107 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 183 |
中文關鍵詞: | 國中補校 、折衷式教學法 、學習經驗 、學習動機 |
英文關鍵詞: | Supplementary Junior High School, Eclectic Method, Learning Experience, Learning Motivation |
DOI URL: | http://doi.org/10.6345/THE.NTNU.ED.017.2019.F02 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:255 下載:39 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
在邁入少子化與高齡化社會的同時,意味著終身學習時代的來臨,加上科技的快速發展,英語成為與世界接軌的溝通橋樑,學英文可謂全民運動,許多高齡退休者選擇回歸校園、就學鄰近補校,面對高齡學習者懸殊的學經歷背景、以及逐漸退化的生理機能,如何提升其英語學習成效,成就其自我成長的終身學習,需要擬定適切的教學策略、跳脫傳統講述的上課方式,以符應高齡者的學習特質與需求。本研究旨在探討國中補校的英語教學策略,應用折衷式教學法,即綜合四種語言教學法GTM、ALM、TPR與CLT於課堂,評估其實施的教學歷程、學生的學習經驗、學習動機、及教學者的省思成長;採用行動研究法,透過規劃、行動、觀察、反省與再規劃施行步驟,並蒐集質性、量化資料分析;研究時程為三個月,以台北市某國中補校一年級14名高齡學習者為研究對象,分兩階段教學行動,研究結果可歸納為下列六個結論:
壹、折衷式教學法是融合非組合四種教學法、需要依不同學習階段而調整
貳、折衷式教學法有助於高齡者英文學習-符合高齡學習特質及教學模式
參、折衷式教學法實施之外,亦要顧及課堂執行的相關策略
一、敏於覺察高齡者身心狀況,隨時給予關心問候可增強其學習動力
二、掌握補校高齡者需求,不同情意和技能教學的協助可提升其學習動機
三、差異化強弱異質分組,對高齡者有陪伴學習之效、亦提升其學習動機
四、多元簡易活動設計,提供高齡者放鬆學習、及參與學習的樂趣
五、動靜態評量讓高齡者投入學習活動,教師亦能對其學習作多面向評估
肆、折衷式教學法在國中補校英文課堂實施後,對高齡者具正向學習經驗
伍、折衷式教學法在國中補校英文課堂實施後,可提升高齡者的學習動機
陸、折衷式教學法在國中補校英文課堂實施讓教學者獲得多元省思與成長
The era of lifelong learning is coming while Taiwan is facing an increasingly ageing population and lower birth rate. In addition, with the rapid development of technology, English has become a bridge to communicate with the world. Learning English is a country-wide activity, many retired seniors choose to return to schools in their neighborhood. Teaching the elderly English, we face huge disparities in their education and experience backgrounds and their weaker physiological function. To improve their learning result and fulfill their personal development in their lifelong learning, it is necessary to formulate appropriate strategies instead of using a didactic traditional method in English teaching, especially elderly learners' characteristics and needs are unique. This study aimed to explore the English teaching strategies at supplementary junior high school and apply the eclectic teaching method, integrated four language methods of GTM, ALM, TPR and CLT, to English class and to evaluate the implementation results as well as the elderly's learning motivation, experience, and thoughts through adopting action research approach by the steps, planning, acting, observing, reflecting and re-planning, collecting qualitative and quantitative data and analyzing those data. The duration of the research was three months, and the participants of this study were fourteen first-grade elderly learners at a supplementary junior high school in Taipei. The study was implemented by two stages of teaching actions, and the results from this study are listed below:
1.The eclectic method is a fusion of non-combined some teaching methods and is adjusted to fulfill the needs in different learning stages;
2.The eclectic method helps elderly English learners – suitable for the elderly’s learning traits;
3.In addition to the implementation of the eclectic method, it is also necessary to take into account the relevant teaching strategies:
(1)Keeping eyes on the elderly learners’ physical and mental conditions with care and expressing greetings could make them be passionate in learning English;
(2)Truly understanding the needs of elderly learners and apply it on teaching through different affections and teaching skills could enhance their learning motivation;
(3)Differentiation in heterogeneous grouping, weak-and-strong pair, has a good effect on learning motivation;
(4)Multiple-and-simple designed activities make elderly learners relax and encourage them participate more while enjoying the fun;
(5)Multi-assessment allows elderly learners to participate in learning activities and enables teachers to evaluate their learning result in different angles;
4.The eclectic method implemented in English teaching has positive impact on the elderly’s learning experiences;
5.The eclectic method implemented in English teaching improves elderly learners’ motivation;
6.The eclectic method implemented in English teaching enables teachers to gain multiple reflections and self-growth.
壹、中文部分
王文科(1994)。課程與教學論。臺北市:五南。
內政部(2017)。106年第38週內政統計通報【行政公告】。取自https://www.moi.gov.tw/stat/news_detail.aspx?sn=12770
內政部(2017)。106年第43週內政統計通報【行政公告】。取自https://www.moi.gov.tw/stat/news_detail.aspx?sn=12943
內政部(2018)。我國少子女化對策計畫(107-111年)報告。取自https://www.ey.gov.tw/File/250617C9E61F6407?A=C
何青蓉(1996)。終生學習與個人發展。載於中華民國成人教育學會(主編),終生學習與教育改革(頁269-289)。台北:師大書苑。
李熌吟、陳李綢(2000)。教學策略Instructional Strategies。國家教育研究院雙語詞彙。取自http://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/1309998/
李雅慧、葉俊廷(2014)。高齡學習者持續學習與學習的動機之歷程。人文暨社會科學期刊,10(2),51-63。
宋曜廷、潘佩妤(2010)。混合研究應用於教育。教育科學研究期刊,55(4),97-130
林淑媛(2010)新生入學基本指導‐問卷與簡易測驗。取自http://www.chere.idv.tw/teach/worksheet/01Questionnaire.pdf
林進材(1999):教學研究與發展。臺北市:五南。
林進材(2018)。教學設計與教學方法之應用。T&D 飛訊,243,1-36。
林顯輝(2016)。教學方法與策略。取自http://academic.csu.edu.tw/wSite/public/Data/f1461121739101.pdf
法務部(2019)。老人福利法(民104年12月9日)。全國法規資料庫。取自https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=D0050037
林秉毅、劉田修、邱政峰(2007)。教學策略定義與意義。屏東教大體育,11,49-55。
林麗惠(2016)。高齡學習理論。樂齡教育專業人才進階培訓教材,單元一。
教育部,取自
https://moe.senioredu.moe.gov.tw/UploadFiles/20160401090027023.pdf
吳明清(1996)。教學方法的選用。載於黃政傑主編,教材教法的問題與趨勢。臺北市:師大書苑
吳清山(2012年4月15日)。差異化教學與學生學習。國家教育研究院電子報,38。取自https://epaper.naer.edu.tw/epaper.php?edm_no=38
吳君平、詹明峰、劉遠城、劉家禎(譯)(1997)。Richards, J. D. & Rodgers, T. S.著。語言教學法。臺北市:五南。
姜磊(2002年1月31日)。英語是個“帝國”(文化縱橫):專家呼籲保護“語言生態”平衡。環球時報,第十四版。取自http://www.people.com.cn/GB/paper68/5391/559758.html
胡夢鯨(2010年12月7日)。〈台北都會〉學者︰補校課程、教材應調整。
自由時報電子報。取自http://news.ltn.com.tw/news/local/paper/450131
胡夢鯨(2016)。高齡教學模式。樂齡教育專業人才進階培訓教材,單元四。
教育部,取自https://moe.senioredu.moe.gov.tw/UploadFiles/20160401090027023.pdf
高廣孚(1988)。教學原理。臺北市:五南。
唐淑華(2013)。帶著希望的羽翼飛翔—談補救教學在十二年國教的定位與
方向。教育人力與專業發展,30(1),1-11。
唐淑華(2014)。差異化教學,是「新」的教學思維嗎?!教師天地,190,3-9。
徐慧珊(2017)。客製化行動學習融入兒童華語文教學之個案研究(碩士論文)。取自臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統
許芳菊(2013年11月26日)。12年國教,教學不改,很難成功。天下雜誌,536。取自https://www.cw.com.tw/article/article.action?id=5054128
黃政傑(2002)。教學原理。臺北市:五南。
黃富順(1997)。終生學習理念的意義與發展。成人教育雙月刊,35,6-15。
黃富順(2004)。高齡學習。臺北市:五南。
黃久秦、陳永德、許碧珊、洪玉珠、陳英琦、吳麗玉、張宏祺、鄧明宇、
胡小玫、蕭文高(2017)。新編老人學概論。臺中市:華格納。
陳啓明、邱政鋒(2009)。成人參與高等回流教育學習動機之量表建構與現況之研究。國立虎尾科技大學學報,28(3),93-109。
陳美娟(2015)。我國國民補習學校課程綱要總綱研擬團隊的展化學習歷程研究(博士論文)。取自臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。
行動研究(無日期)。教育部教育Wiki。取自 https://pedia.cloud.edu.tw/Entry/Detail/?title=%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6
教育部(2008)。我國屆齡退休及高齡者參與學習需求意向調查研究報告。教育部樂齡學習網,取自https://moe.senioredu.moe.gov.tw/UploadFiles/20160328100729182.pdf
教育部(2015)。我國教育制度簡介。取自stats.moe.gov.tw/files/ebook/Education_Statistics/104/104edu_app1.pdf
教育部(2018a)。107年版‐教育統計指標之國際比較。取自http://stats.moe.gov.tw/files/ebook/International_Comparison/2018/i2018.pdf
教育部(2018b)。十二年國民基本教育課程綱要‐國民中小學暨普通型高級中等學校:語文領域-英語文。新課綱推動相關法令規定,取自https://www.k12ea.gov.tw/ap/class_schema.aspx
張春興(2000)。教育心理學:三化取向的理論與實踐。臺北市:東華。
張添洲(2000)。教材教法―發展與革新。臺北市:五南。
張鐸嚴(2007)。談高齡者終身學習的重要性及機制建構原則。台北市終身學習網通訊,38,17-22。
張德永、陳柏霖(2013)。高齡學習者學習行為觀察與評估。T&D 飛訊,163,1-19。
舒兆民(無日期)。語言教學法的理論與實施【社群學習站】。取自eplus.asia.edu.tw/assets/zips/632/original/external/1-5/1.../1-5-1-2_download.pdf
廖錦文(2013)。教學方法。取自web.nchu.edu.tw/pweb/users/tcwliao/lesson/1307.ppt
臺北市政府教育局(2016)。臺北市終身學習資源手冊。取自https://www.lct.tp.edu.tw/files/13-1001-350.php
蔡清田(2013)。教育行動研究。臺北市:五南。
蔡清田(2015)。行動研究的功能限制與關鍵條件。T&D 飛訊,209,1-19。
國家教育研究院(2014)。中華民國教育年報電子書102年版,第八章終身教育。取自https://www.naer.edu.tw/ezfiles/0/1000/attach/80/pta_5591_4968992_96660.pdf
總生育率(無日期)。國家發展委員會經濟小辭典。取自https://www.ndc.gov.tw/News_Content.aspx?n=01B17A05A9374683&sms=32ADE0CD4006BBE5&s=2D7C191B0671B176
魏惠娟、胡夢鯨、李藹慈、黃錦山、蔡佳旂、林秉毅(2008)。高齡學習方案企畫師訓練手冊—入門篇。台北市:教育部。
貳、英文部分
Adlam, R. (1997). Action Research as a Process of Illumination: Coming to a New Awareness in the Practice of Management Education. Educational Action Research, 5(2), 211-229.
Alberta Learning (2002). Health and Life Skills Guide to Implementation (K–9) Instructional Strategies, p67. Retrieved from https://education.alberta.ca/media/1477143/healthgi.pdf
Anthony, E.M. (1963). Approach, Method, and technique. English Language Teaching, 17(2), 63-67. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
Asher, J. (1977). Learning Another Language Through Actions: The Complete Teacher’s Guide Book. Los Gatos, CA: Sky Oaks Productions. (2nd ed. 1982.)
Borich, G. D. (2007). Effective teaching method: Research-based practice (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education Ltd.
Brooks, N. (1964). Language and Language Learning: Theory and Practice (2nd ed.). New York: Harcourt Brace.
Brown, H. D. (1994). Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall Regents.
Canale, M. & Swain, M. (1980). Theoretical Bases of Communicative Approaches to Second Language Teaching and Testing. Applied Linguistics 1(1), 1-47.
Chomsky, N. (1966). Linguistic theory. Reprinted in J. P. B. Allen and P. Van Buren (eds.), Chomsky: Secected Readings, pp. 152-9. London: Oxford University Press.
Frazee, B. M. & Rudniski, R. A. (1995). Intregrated teaching methods: Theory, classroom applications, and field-based connections. Albany, NY: Delmar Publishers.
Freiberg, H. J. & Driscoll, A. (1992). Universal teaching strategies. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Harmer, J. (2001). The practice of English Language Teaching. Harlow, England: Pearson Education Limited.
Howatt, A. P. R. (1984). A History of English Language Teaching. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Hymes, D. (1972). On Communicative Competence. In J. B. Pride and J. Holmes (eds.). Sociolinguistics, pp. 269-93. Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin.
Johnson, K. (1982). Communicative Syllabus Design and Methodology. Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press.
Littlewood, W. (1981). Communicative Language Teaching. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Longworth, N. (1999). Making Lifelong Learning Work: Learning Cities for a Learning Century. London, UK: Kogan Page.
Maslow, A. H. (1943). A Theory of Human Motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370-396.
Nelson, D. (2017). Participatory Action Research: A Literature Review. Retrieved November 29, 2018 from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321398218_Participatory_Action_Research_A_Literature_Review
Nunan, D. (1991). Communicative Tasks and the Language Curriculum. TESOL Quarterly, 25(2), 279-295.
Oliva, P. F. (1992). Developing the Curriculum (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Harper Collins.
Richards, J. C. & Rodgers, T. S. (1982). Methods: Approach, Design, and Procedure. TESOL Quarterly 16(2), 153-168
Richards, J. C. & Rodgers, T. S. (1986). Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press
Richards, J. C. (2017). Principles of the Eclectic Approach. Retrieved November 5, 2018 from https://www.professorjackrichards.com/principles-of-the-eclectic-approach/
Steneck, N. H. (2007). ORI Introduction to the Responsible Conduct of Research. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Retrieved from https://ori.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/rcrintro.pdf
Stipek, D. (1995). Effects of different instructional approaches on young children’s achievement and motivation. Child Development, 66 (1), 209-223.
Wilkins, D. A. (1972). The linguistic and situational content of the common core in a unit/credit system. Ms. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.