簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 邱之永
Chiou, Chih-Yung
論文名稱: 探索小學生雙語課程中英語與學科學習動機與其學習成就關係之個案研究
Exploring the Relationships of English and Content Learning Motivations to Elementary School Students' English and Content Learning Achievements in Bilingual Classes: A Case Study
指導教授: 王宏均
Wang, Hung-Chun
口試委員: 王宏均
Wang, Hung-Chun
劉宇廷
Liu, Yeu-Ting
駱藝瑄
Lo, Yi-Hsuan
口試日期: 2024/07/02
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 英語學系
Department of English
論文出版年: 2024
畢業學年度: 112
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 178
中文關鍵詞: 雙語教育內容與語言整合學習(CLIL)學習動機學習成就
英文關鍵詞: bilingual education, content and language integrated learning (CLIL), learning motivation, learning achievement
研究方法: 實驗設計法調查研究個案研究法主題分析
DOI URL: http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202400782
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:306下載:38
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 本研究旨在探討內容與語言整合學習(CLIL) 在台灣環境中,英語學習動機和學科學習動機對英語學習成就和學科學習成就的相關性。本研究在北台灣的一所公立雙語國小進行,此校以其雙語教學環境而聞名,在包括自然科在內的各個學科領域中採用了內容與語言整合學習方法。此研究涵蓋來自該校內容與語言整合學習課程五年級四個班級的四十一名參與者,在為期四週的課程後,學生填寫英語與自然成就測驗以及學習動機問卷以進行量化分析。研究者再根據自然成績分數,對自然成績最好和最差的學生們進行分組後進入半結構式訪談,深入探討影響他們學習成就的因素。
    研究結果顯示,降低英語焦慮和增強自信心對提高英語學業成就的重要性。雖然內在動機可能不會直接影響英語考試成績,但英語焦慮是預測英語成績低落的重要因素。另一方面,自然學習的自我效能感能針對自然學習成就有極強的預測性,從而掩蓋了自然科焦慮的影響。本研究也透過質性研究發現先前的學習經驗、家長的態度和學生的後設認知能力在塑造內容與語言整合學習之中英語和自然學習動機與自然學習成就中的相關性。
    本研究在實務教學的貢獻有二。首先,它強調了因材施教的教學方法得以滿足不同自然學習成績的學生的學習需求以提高學生的自我效能。其次, POEC 教學方法可以作為在雙語自然課程中評估學生知識和能力的工具。透過實施這些教學方法,雙語自然老師可以有效地提高學生的學習自我效能及融入內容與語言整合學習的過程。

    The research aims to explore the correlation between English and content learning motivation toward English and content learning achievements in the Taiwanese Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) setting. The research was conducted at a public elementary school in Taipei, Taiwan. The school is known for its bilingual learning environment that incorporates CLIL approaches across various subjects, including science. The study includes 41 participants from four fifth-grade classes in the CLIL program. After four weeks of CLIL science lessons, students completed English and science achievement tests and motivation questionnaires for quantitative analyses. Later, based on the students’ science achievement scores, several top and bottom science-achieving students underwent semi-structured interviews to investigate factors affecting their performance.
    The findings highlight the importance of addressing English anxiety and promoting self-efficacy to enhance English learning outcomes. While intrinsic motivation may not directly impact English test scores, English anxiety emerges as a significant predictor of lower performance. In contrast, self-efficacy in science strongly predicts academic success, overshadowing the impact of science anxiety. The study also emphasizes the role of prior learning experiences, parental attitudes, and students' metacognitive skills in shaping attitudes and performance in CLIL science.
    The pedagogical implications of this study include the following. First, it underscores the role of differentiated instruction in catering to the needs of high and low-science achievers to boost self-efficacy. Second, it introduces the POEC model as an assessment tool aligned with students' knowledge and abilities in CLIL science courses. By implementing these strategies, CLIL instructors can effectively enhance students' learning outcomes and engagement in CLIL science education.

    CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1 Background and Motivation 1 Research Purposes and Research Questions 6 Significance of the Study 9 Definition of Terms 10 Organization of the Thesis 11 CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 13 Bilingual Education and CLIL 13 Bilingual Education 13 Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) 17 CLIL Assessments 19 CLIL in Taiwan 25 CLIL in Taiwanese Elementary Schools 28 Motivations in Bilingual Education 30 Classification of Motivations 30 L2 Learning Motivation 31 Science Learning Motivation 33 Effects of Motivation on Learning Achievement 35 L2 Motivation in CLIL Contexts 35 Content Motivation in CLIL Contexts 36 Effects of L2 Motivation on L2 Learning Achievement 37 Effects of Content Motivation on Content Learning Achievement 38 CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY 41 Methodologies 41 Research Context and Participants 42 Instructional Methods and Content Materials 44 Research Instruments 46 English Learning Achievement Test 47 Science Learning Achievement Test 49 English Learning Motivation Questionnaire 52 Science Learning Motivation Questionnaire 53 Semi-Structured Interviews 53 Data Collection Procedure 55 Data Analysis 56 Quantitative Analysis 56 Qualitative Analysis 58 CHAPTER FOUR RESULTS 60 Students’ Learning Motivation and Achievements in English and Science 60 Descriptive Results of Students' Learning Motivation and Learning Achievements in English and Science 60 Correlation and Predictive Power of English Learning Motivation on English Learning Achievements 62 Correlation and Predictive Power of Science Learning Motivation on Science Learning Achievements 72 Correlation and Predictive Power of English Learning Motivation on Science Learning Achievements 88 Correlation and Predictive Power of Science Learning Motivation on English Learning Achievements 92 Qualitative Analysis of Motivational Factors toward Science Learning Achievements 96 High and Low Science Achievers and Classification Criteria 96 English Motivational Factors for High and Low-Science Achievers 97 Science Motivational Factors for High and Low-Science Achievers 107 Findings regarding English and Science Motivational Factors in High and Low Science Achievers 121 CHAPTER FIVE DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS 125 Summary and Discussion of Major Findings 125 English Learning Motivation toward English Learning Achievements 126 Science Learning Motivation toward Science Learning Achievements 128 English Learning Motivation toward Science Learning Achievements; Science Learning Motivation toward English Learning Achievements 132 Motivational Factors that lead to different Science Learning Achievements 134 Pedagogical Implications 138 Limitations and Suggestions 140 REFERENCES 142 Appendix A: Consent Form of Participation 153 Appendix B: English Learning Achievement Test 154 Appendix C: Science Learning Achievement Test 158 Appendix D: English Learning Motivation Questionnaire (Chinese Version) 162 Appendix E: English Learning Motivation Questionnaire 166 Appendix F: Science Learning Motivation Questionnaire (Chinese Version) 170 Appendix G: Science Learning Motivation Questionnaire 174 Appendix H: Semi-Structured Interview Questions 178

    Adams, W.C. (2015). Conducting semi-structured interviews. Newcomer, K. E., Hatry, H. P., & Wholey, J. S. (Eds.), Handbook of practical program evaluation (4th ed., pp. 492-505). John Wiley & Sons.
    Agustiani, H., Cahyad, S., & Musa, M. (2016). Self-efficacy and self-regulated learning as predictors of students’academic performance. The Open Psychology Journal, 9(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874350101609010001
    Alamer, A., & Almulhim, F. (2021). The interrelation between language anxiety and self-determined motivation; A mixed methods approach. Frontiers in Education, 6.618655. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.618655
    Amengual-Pizarro, M., & Prieto-Arranz, J. I. (2014). Exploring affective factors in L3 learning: CLIL vs. Non-CLIL. Juan-Garau, M., & Salazar-Noguera, J. (Eds.), Content-based language learning in multilingual educational environments (pp. 197-220). Springer.
    Angelidis, A., Solis, E., Lautenbach, F., Van Der Does, W., & Putman, P. (2019). I’m going to fail! Acute cognitive performance anxiety increases threat-interference and impairs WM performance. PloS One, 14(2), e0210824. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210824
    Arnándiz, O. M., Moliner, L., & Alegre, F. (2022). When CLIL is for all: Improving learner motivation through peer-tutoring in Mathematics. System, 106, 102773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2022.102773
    Bakar, R. (2018). The influence of professional teachers on Padang vocational school students' achievement. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 39, 67-72. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjss.2017.12.017
    Beaudin, C. (2021). A classroom-based evaluation on the implementation of CLIL for primary school education in Taiwan. English Teaching & Learning, 46(2), 133-156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42321-021-00093-3
    Broussard, S. C., & Garrison, M. E. B. (2004). The relationship between classroom motivation and academic achievement in elementary‐school‐aged children. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 33(2), 106-120. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077727x04269573
    Brown, H. D. & Lee, H. (2015). Teaching by principles: An interactive approach to language pedagogy (4th Ed.). Pearson.
    Bruton, A. (2013). CLIL: Some of the reasons why … and why not. System, 41(3), 587-597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2013.07.001
    Cameron, L. (2001). Teaching languages to young learners. Cambridge University Press.
    Cenoz, J., Genesee, F., & Gorter, D. (2013). Critical analysis of CLIL: Taking stock and looking forward. Applied Linguistics, 35(3), 243-262. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amt011
    Chen, F., Kao, S. M., & Tsou, W. (2020). Toward ELF-informed bilingual education in Taiwan: Addressing incongruity between policy and practice. English Teaching & Learning, 44(2), 175-191. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42321-020-00055-1
    Chiu, M. H. (邱美虹) (2005). Creative science experiment book (科學創意實驗書). Hung Yeh Publishing Co., Ltd. (洪葉文化事業有限公司).
    Chow, S.J., & Yong, B.C.S. (2013). Secondary school students’ motivation and achievement in combined science. US-China Education Review B, 3(4), 213-228.
    Coyle, D. (2018). The place of CLIL in (bilingual) education. Theory Into Practice, 57, 166-176. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405841.2018.1459096166
    Datu, J. a. D. (2021). Beyond passion and perseverance: Review and future research initiatives on the science of grit. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 545526. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.545526
    De Dios Martínez Agudo, J. (2020). To what extent do affective variables correlate with content learning achievement in CLIL programmes? Language and Education, 35(3), 226–240. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500782.2020.1833910
    Doiz, A., Lasagabaster D., & Sierra, J. M. (2014). CLIL and motivation: The effect of individual and contextual variables. The Language Learning Journal, 42(2), 209-224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09571736.2014.889508
    Dörnyei, Z. (1998). Motivation in second and foreign language learning. Language Teaching, 31(3), 117–135. https://doi.org/10.1017/s026144480001315x
    Dörnyei, Z., & Ushioda, E. (2009). Motivation, language identity and the L2 self. Multilingual Matters.
    Dörnyei, Z. (2009). The L2 Motivational Self System. Z. Dörnyei & E. Ushioda (Eds.), Motivation, language identity and the L2 self (pp. 9-42). Multilingual Matters.
    Feddermann, M., Möller, J., & Baumert, J. (2021). Effects of CLIL on second language learning: Disentangling selection, preparation, and CLIL-effects. Learning and Instruction, 74, 101459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2021.101459
    Gardner, R. C. (1985). Social psychology and second language learning: The role of attitudes and motivation. Edward Arnold.
    Glynn, S. M. & Koballa, T. R., Jr. (2006). Motivation to learn college science. In J.J. Mintzes & W.H. Leonard (Eds), Handbook of college science teaching (pp. 25-32). National Sciences Teachers Association Press.
    Glynn, S. M., Taasoobshirazi, G., & Brickman, P. (2008). Science Motivation Questionnaire: Construct validation with nonscience majors. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 46(2), 127–146. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.20267
    Graham, M.K., & Yeh, Y.F. (2023). Teacher’s implementation of bilingual education in Taiwan: challenges and arrangements. Asia Pacific Education Review, 24, 461-472. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-022-09791-4
    Griggs, M. S., Rimm-Kaufman, S. E., Merritt, E. G., & Patton, C. L. (2013). The Responsive Classroom approach and fifth grade students’math and science anxiety and self-efficacy. School Psychology Quarterly, 28(4), 360–373. https://doi.org/10.1037/spq0000026
    Hattie, J., & Timperley, H. (2007). The power of feedback. Review of Educational Research, 77(1), 81-112. https://doi.org/10.3102/003465430298487
    Huang, Y. C. (2020). The effects of elementary students’science learning in CLIL. English Language Teaching, 13(2), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v13n2p1
    Huang, Y.P., & Tsou, W.L. (2023). CLIL development in bilingual education in Taiwan: Past, present, and future. Curriculum and Instruction Quarterly Magazine, 26(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.6384/CIQ.202301_26(1).0001.
    Jawad, N. a. M. M. (2021). Bilingual education: Features & advantages. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 12(5), 735–740. https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1205.12
    Jian, Y.J. (2019, August 1). Cross-disciplinary 1+1>2: Taiwan Makers+CLIL program. Retrieved on June 20, 2024 from https://helloet.cet-taiwan.com/?p=8431
    Kálmán, C. & Eugenio, E.G. (2015). Successful language learning in a corporate setting: The role of attribution theory and its relation to intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 5(4), 583-608.
    Kao, Y. T., & Tsou, W. (2017). EMI course assessment: A survey study of the issues. Tsou, W., & Kao, SM. (Eds.), English as a medium of instruction in higher education (pp. 183-205). Springer.
    Keller, M. M., Neumann, K., & Fischer, H. E. (2016). The impact of physics teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge and motivation on students’ achievement and interest. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 54(5), 586–614. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.21378
    Kim, T. Y., & Kim, Youngmi. (2016). EFL learning demotivation in the Korean context: Similarities and differences across school levels. English Language & Literature Teaching, 22(1), 135-156.
    Lasagabaster, D. (2011). English achievement and student motivation in CLIL and EFL settings. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 5(1), 3-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/17501229.2010.519030
    Lázaro-Ibarrola, A., & Azpilicueta-Martínez, R. (2021). Motivation towards the foreign language (English) and regional language (Basque) in immersion schools: Does CLIL in the foreign language make a difference? Language Teaching Research, 136216882110317. https://doi.org/10.1177/13621688211031737
    Lee, M., & Bong, M. (2019). Relevance of goal theories to language learning research. System, 86, 102122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2019.102122
    Lee, Y.S. (李侑珊) (2023). Proposed abolition of bilingualism policy passed by a majority of supporters (廢雙語政策提案 附議人數過關). China Times (中時新聞網). Retrieved on July 5, 2024 from https://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20230416000300-260114?chdtv
    Leung, C. (2005). Language and content in bilingual education. Linguistics and Education, 16(2), 238-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.linged.2006.01.004
    Li, M., & Zhang, L. (2021). Tibetan CSL learners’ L2 Motivational Self System and L2 achievement. System, 97, 102436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2020.102436
    Lin, L. C., & Johnson, C. J. (2014). Mandarin-English bilingual vocabulary development in an English-immersion preschool: How does it compare with monolingual development? International Journal of Bilingualism, 20(2), 173–189. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367006914547662
    Lin, Z.C. (林志成) (2022). Bilingual policy creates chaos in education scholars: Double loss in Chinese and English and declining competitiveness (雙語政策造成教育亂象 學者:中英文雙輸 競爭力猛降). China Times(中時新聞網). Retrieved on June 20, 2024 from https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20220704001895-260405?chdtv
    Lipnevich, A. A., & Panadero, E. (2021). A review of feedback models and theories: Descriptions, definitions, and conclusions. Frontiers in Education, 6, 720195. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.720195
    Liu, J.E., Lo, Y.Y., & Xin, J.J. (2023). CLIL teacher assessment literacy: A scoping review. Teaching and Teacher Education, 129, 104150.
    Locke, E. A. (1968). Toward a theory of task motivation and incentives. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 3(2), 157–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(68)90004-4
    Lu, S.Q. (盧秀琴) (2023). Natural Science Textbook for fifth grade second semester (VI)(5下自然科學(六)課本). Nan I Book Enterprise Co., Ltd (南一書局).
    Lyu, T. L., Chen, H.C., & Zou, W.L. (呂翠鈴、陳慧琴、鄒文莉) (2021). Successful interdisciplinary bilingual education: An example of excellent teaching and learning at Simen elementary school: CLIL disciplinary subject learning (1st ed.) (成功的跨領域學科雙語教育 西門實小教學卓越典範 CLIL Disciplinary Subject Learning). Shulin Publishing Co. (書林出版)
    Massler, U., Stotz, D., & Queisser, C. (2014). Assessment instruments for primary CLIL: The conceptualisation and evaluation of test tasks. The Language Learning Journal, 42(2), 137-150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09571736.2014.891371
    McGroarty, M., & Fitzsimmons-Doolan, S. (2014). Approaches to school-based bilingual education. M. Celce-Murcia, D. Brinton, & M. A. Snow (Eds.), Teaching English as a second or foreign language (4th ed., pp. 501-515). National Geographic Learning.
    McIntosh, R. D. (2017). Exploratory reports: A new article type for Cortex. Cortex, 96, A1–A4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2017.07.014
    Menezes, E., Juan-Garau, M. (2015). English learners’willingness to communicate and achievement in CLIL and formal instruction contexts. Juan-Garau, M., & Salazar-Noguera, J. (Eds.), Content-based language learning in multilingual educational environments (pp. 221-236). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11496-5_13
    Middleton, J. A., & Spanias, P. A. (1999). Motivation for achievement in mathematics: Findings, generalizations, and criticisms of the research. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 30(1), 65-88. https://doi.org/10.2307/749630
    Močinić, A. (2011). Bilingual education. MetodičKi Obzori, 6(3), 175-182. https://doi.org/10.32728/mo.06.3.2011.11
    Moskovsky, C., Assulaimani, T., Racheva, S., & Harkins, J. (2016). The L2 Motivational Self System and L2 achievement: A study of Saudi EFL learners. The Modern Language Journal, 100(3), 641–654. https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12340
    National Development Council, Ministry of Education, Directorate-General of Personnel Administration, Ministry of Examination, & Civil Service Protection and Training Commission. (2021). Bilingual 2030. Retrieved on June 20, 2024 from https://ws.ndc.gov.tw/Download.ashx?u=LzAwMS9hZG1pbmlzdHJhdG9yLzExL3JlbGZpbGUvMC8xNDUzNC9hODg1MTBkMC04YmQxLTQxZGEtYTgzZC1jOTg0NDM5Y2U3ZmMucGRm&n=QmlsaW5ndWFsIDIwMzAucGRm&icon=..pdf
    Ministry of Education. (2018). Curriculum guidelines of 12-year basic education for elementary school, junior high and general senior high schools: The domain of natural science. Retrieved on July 5, 2024 from https://cirn.moe.edu.tw/Upload/file/38227/104346.pdf
    Nguyen, N. (2016). Motivation in language learning and Dornyei’s L2 Motivational Self System. Liyanage, I., & Nima, B. (Eds.), Multidisciplinary research perspectives in education (pp. 67-72). SensePublishers.
    Nikula, T. (2016). CLIL: A European approach to bilingual education. N. V. Deusen-Scholl, & S. May (Eds.), Second and foreign language education (pp. 1-14). Springer.
    Nikula, T., Dalton-Puffer, C., Llinares, A. & Lorenzo, F. (2016). More than content and language: The complexity of integration in CLIL and bilingual education. T. Nikula, E. Dafouz, P. Moore & U. Smit (Eds.), Conceptualising integration in CLIL and multilingual education (pp. 1-26). Multilingual Matters.
    Noels, K. A., Pelletier, L. G., Clément, R., & Vallerand, R. J. (2000). Why are you learning a second language? Motivational orientations and Self‐Determination Theory. Language Learning, 50(1), 57-85. https://doi.org/10.1111/0023-8333.00111
    Nolen, S. B. (2003). Learning environment, motivation, and achievement in high school science. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 40(4), 347–368. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.10080
    OECD. (2023). PISA 2022 results (volume I): The state of learning and equity in education. OECD Publishing.
    Pablo, M. N. (2018). Are CLIL students more motivated? An analysis of affective factors and their relation to language attainment. Porta Linguarum, 29(29), 71-90. https://doi.org/10.30827/digibug.54023
    Pae, T. I. (2008). Second language orientation and Self-Determination Theory. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 27(1), 5-27. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927x07309509
    Pladevall-Ballester, E. & Vallbona, A. (2016). CLIL in minimal input contexts: A longitudinal study of primary school learners’receptive skills. System, 58, 37-48.
    Pladevall-Ballester, E. (2018). A longitudinal study of primary school EFL learning motivation in CLIL and non-CLIL settings. Language Teaching Research, 23(6), 765-786. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168818765877
    Ruiz-Martín, H., & Bybee, R. W. (2022). The cognitive principles of learning underlying the 5E Model of Instruction. International Journal of STEM Education, 9(21). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-022-00337-z
    Salar, R., & Turgut, U. (2021). Effect of differentiated instruction and 5E Learning Cycle on academic achievement and self-efficacy of students in physics lesson. Science Education International, 32(1), 4–13. https://doi.org/10.33828/sei.v32.i1.1
    Seberg, C. (2003). Differentiating instruction using authentic, performance assessments and technology integration [Unpublished master’s thesis]. University of Northern Iowa.
    Seikkula-Leino, J. (2007). CLIL learning: Achievement levels and affective factors. Language and Education, 21(4), 328–341. https://doi.org/10.2167/le635.0
    Serdiuk, L., Chykhantsova, O., & Baranauskienė, I. (2020). Foreign communicative competence as a factor of personal development. Society Integration Education, 5, 537-545. https://doi.org/10.17770/sie2020vol5.5096
    Shawn M., Glynn., Taasoobshirazi, G., & Brickman, P. (2009). Science motivation questionnaire: Construct validation with nonscience majors. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 46(2), 127-146.
    Smit, R., & Humpert, W. (2012). Differentiated instruction in small schools. Teaching and Teacher Education, 28(8), 1152–1162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2012.07.003
    Song, B., & Kim, T. Y. (2016). The dynamics of demotivation and remotivation among Korean high school EFL students. System, 65, 90-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2016.12.010
    Spada, N., & Lightbown, P. M. (1999). Instruction, first language influence, and developmental readiness in second language acquisition. The Modern Language Journal, 83(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/0026-7902.00002
    Subekti, A.S. (2018). L2 Motivational Self System and L2 achievement: A study of Indonesian EAP learners. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 8(1), 57-67.
    Sylvén, L.K. & Tompson, A.S. (2015). Language learning motivation and CLIL: Is there a connection. Journal of Immersion and Content-Based Language Education, 3(1), 28-50. https://doi.org/10.1075/jicb.3.1.02syl
    Taie, M., & Afshari, A. (2015). A critical review on the socio-educational model of SLA. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 5(3), 605. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0503.21
    Taipei City Government Education Bureau. (臺北市政府教育局) (2023). Taipei City Bilingual Education School, Grade 4, Second Semester, Natural science listening and speaking assessment: Assessment Activity IV (臺北市雙語教育學校四年級第二學期自然科聽說評量) The Language Training & Testing Center (LTTC財團法人語言訓練測驗中心)
    Ventura, L.R. (2021). Effects of CLIL on the students’motivation and learning of English as a foreign language [Unpublished master’s thesis]. University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia.
    Wang, Z. Y. (王芓諭) (2021). New Taipei promotes a special bilingual program, the local tea culture of Jian'an Elementary School attracts the attention of foreign teachers (新北推特色雙語課程建安國小在地茶文化吸引外師目光). National Educational Broadcasting Station (國立教育廣播電臺). Retrieved on June 20, 2024 from https://www.ner.gov.tw/news/6050288e98a72900070ec144
    Yang, W.H. (2020). Toward a bilingual Taiwan by 2030: How can CLIL help?. The Journal of the Japan CLIL Pedagogy Association, 2, 15-21.
    Yang, X., Zhang, M., Kong, L., Wang, Q., & Hong, J. C. (2020). The effects of scientific self-efficacy and cognitive anxiety on science engagement with the “Question-Observation-Doing-Explanation” model during school disruption in COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 30(3), 380–393. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-020-09877-x
    Ye, D., Sun, S., & Zhao, D. (2022). EFL students’L2 achievement: The role of teachers’ organizational commitment and loving pedagogy. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. 937624. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.937624
    Zareian, G., & Jodaei, H. (2015). Motivation in second language acquisition: A state of the art article. International J. Soc. Sci. & Education, 5(2), 295-308

    下載圖示
    QR CODE