在交響曲歷史上貝多芬的「九大」無疑是一座巍然的里程碑，身後的作曲家不斷嘗試為交響曲在浪漫時期尋找一個新的定位，布拉姆斯追隨前輩的腳步，堅守傳統的創作技法，融入自我獨特的觀點，開創特有的音樂風格，持續影響後代作曲家。本文要探討的是他《第二號交響曲》，這部作品在第一號交響曲的成功之下，給予布拉姆斯交響曲創作上的信心，受田園映像的啟發而寫，有別於其他首的氣勢磅礡，卻是別樣精緻之作。

研究者將本文分為五個章節，第一章為緒論，其中包含研究動機和目的、研究方法和範圍；第二章《第二號交響曲》背景探究，概述布拉姆斯的生平和相關作品，深入獨特的創作風格，以及創作背景的歷史研究；第三章介紹《第二號交響曲》樂曲分析，根據曲式結構、調性、節奏、和聲、織體等音樂素材來做分析探討；第四章《第二號交響曲》指揮詮釋，經由理論分析結果，加上指揮實務的經驗，撰寫出排練樂團和指揮法詮釋的細節；最後第五章的結論，綜合前四個章節的論點，整合研究者的重點分析和音樂見解，希望透過《第二號交響曲》的作品研究，能深入樂曲的特色，進而精進指揮技巧和排練重點，有效於指揮專業能力的提升，並期許自己能對布拉姆斯的音樂有更精闢的掌握。

Beethoven's "Nine symphonies" is undoubtedly a monumental milestone in the symphony history. The composers after him kept trying to find a new position for the symphony in the romantic period. Brahms followed the footsteps of his predecessors, adhered to traditional composition techniques, integrated his unique perspective, and created unique music styles, which continued to affect future composers. This article is about his "Symphony No. 2", which is based on the success of the No. 1 Symphony, and gave Brahms the creative confidence. "Symphony No. 2" was inspired by the idyllic image. It is different from other majestic manner, and it is a different kind of exquisite work.

The author divides this thesis into five chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, which contains the research motivation and purpose, the research method and scope; the second chapter, "Symphony No. 2", explores the background, and summarizes Brahms' life and related works. In-depth study of unique creative style and historical background of creative background; the third chapter introduces the analysis of the "Symphony No. 2" music analysis, and analyzes according to musical structure, tone, rhythm, harmony, texture and other musical materials; the fourth chapter of "Symphony No. 2" conductor interpretation, through theoretical analysis results, plus the experience of conductor practice, write details of orchestra rehearsal, conducting method and interpretation; the conclusion of the last chapter, synthesise the arguments of the first four chapters and integrate focus analysis and musical insights. Through the work of "Symphony No. 2", I hope that I can deepen the characteristics of the music, and then improve the commanding skills and rehearsal points, effectively improve the professional ability of the conductor, and hope that I have a more ingenious grasp in Brahms' music.

一、中文參考書目

（一）中文專書

徐頌仁。《音樂演奏的實務探討》。臺北：全音，1992。

徐頌仁。《歐洲樂團之形成與配器之發展》。臺北：大陸書店，1989。

廖年賦。《管絃樂指揮研究》。臺北：全音，1986。

鄭芳雄。《歌德詩歌：德語抒情詩及藝術歌曲譯注》。臺北：聯經出版事業股份有限公司，2015。

（二）學術論文

田剛。奏鳴曲式是主題發展的必然結果——布拉姆斯《第二交響曲》第一樂章分析音樂探索 : 四川音樂學院學報 （2:75），37-42。

吳蕙津。〈布拉姆斯《第一號交響曲》之作品及指揮研究〉。國立臺灣師範大學碩士論文，2009。

孫正欣。〈多樣中的統一性——布拉姆斯第二號交響曲的思考〉。國立臺北藝術大學碩士論文，2004。

黃琦晶。〈布拉姆斯《第二號交響曲》作品及指揮研究〉。國立臺灣師範大學碩士論文，2008。

二、外文參考書目
Stein, Leon. Structure and Style. Los Angeles: Summy-Birchard, 1962.

Adler, Samuel. The Study of Orchestration. 3rd ed. New York: Norton, 2002.

Frisch, Walter. Brahms and His World. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1990.

Frisch, Walter. Brahms The four Symphonies. U. S. A.: Yale University Press, 2003.

Frisch, Walter. “Brahms, Developing Variation, and the Schoenberg Critical Tradition”,《19th-Century Music》, Vol. 5, No. 3: University of California Press, 1982.

Musgrave, Michael. A Brahms Reader. Yale University, 2000.

Green, Elizabeth A. H. The Modern Conductor. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1987.

Schachter, Carl. The First Movement of Brahms's Second Symphony: The Opening Theme and Its Consequences: Music Analysis, Vol. 2, No. 1, 1983, 55-68.

三、樂譜

Brahms, Johannes. Symphony No. 2 in D Major, Op. 73. Germany: Breitkopf & Härtel Partitur-Bibliothek, 16101.

四、影音資料

Brahms, Johannes. Symphony No. 2. Wiener Philharmoniker, conducted by Carlos Kleiber. Germany: Philips, 2004.

Brahms, Johannes. Symphony No. 2. Berliner Philharmoniker, conducted by Sir Simon Rattle. Germany: Recorded at the Berlin Philharmonie, 2014.

Brahms, Johannes. Symphony No. 2. Berliner Philharmoniker, conducted by Claudio Abbado. Japan: Recorded at the Suntory Hall, 1992.