自我控制回饋對老年人空間性動作表現、學習及錯誤估計之效應
研 究 生：葉俊良
指導教授：卓俊伶
日期：2007年2月
摘 要

本研究探討老年人自我控制回饋對空間性位移動作表現、學習與錯誤估計的影響。實驗參加者為36名老年人（男性19位，女性17位），平均年齡為71.5 ± 4.9歲，隨機分派到自我控制組、非自我控制相對頻率對照組、或20 % 相對頻率組。獲得期進行80次試作，10分鐘與24小時後各進行12次的立即與延遲保留測驗。依變項為絕對誤差值、變異誤差值及錯誤估計值。獲得期經混和設計二因子（組別 × 區間）變異數（區間為重複量數）分析發現：（一）組別 × 區間的交互作用未達統計上的顯著差異；（二）組別的主要效果未達統計上的顯著差異；（三）區間的主要效果達統計上的顯著差異，進一步以最小平方差異法之事後比較發現，第六區間的絕對與變異誤差值顯著低於其他各區間。以獨立樣本單因子變異數分析與杜凱氏法HSD之事後比較分析立即與延遲保留發現：（一）三組在立即保留的絕對誤差值、變異誤差值、及錯誤估計值皆未達統計顯著差異，（二）20 %相對頻率組在延遲保留的絕對誤差值顯著低於自我控制組，但在（三）變異誤差值與錯誤估計值在三組間則未存在統計顯著差異。經相依樣本單因子變異數分析（區間為重複量數）發現各區間要求回饋的次數未達統計上的顯著差異。因此，本研究的結論為（一）老年人自我控制回饋非表現變項也非學習變項；（二）老年人自我控制回饋不會增進錯誤估計能力；（三）老年人自我控制回饋不會隨著練習次數增加而減少回饋頻率。

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