研究生: |
陳柏君 Chen, Po-Chun |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
探討後疫情時代從業人員的旅遊知覺風險對遊程設計之影響 Exploring the Effect of Travel Industry Professionals' Perceived Risk on Tour Design in the Post-Pandemic |
指導教授: |
李晶
Li, Ching |
口試委員: |
王正平
Wang, Cheng-Ping 夏秉楓 Hsia, Ping-Feng 李晶 Li, Ching |
口試日期: | 2023/07/21 |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
運動休閒與餐旅管理研究所運動休閒與餐旅管理碩士在職專班 Graduate Institute of Sport, Leisure and Hospitality Management_Continuing Education Master's Program of Sport, Leisure and Hospitality Management |
論文出版年: | 2023 |
畢業學年度: | 111 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 98 |
中文關鍵詞: | 後疫情時代 、嚴重特殊傳染性肺炎 、旅遊知覺風險 、遊程設計 |
英文關鍵詞: | Post-epidemic, Covid-19, Travel Perceived Risk, Tour Design |
研究方法: | 半結構式訪談法 |
DOI URL: | http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202301450 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:408 下載:33 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
疫情趨緩和旅遊業逐漸復甦,旅遊從業人員須重新思考如何安排行程,以滿足消費者需求並維持其競爭力。本研究目的為探討後疫情時代從業人員的旅遊知覺風險對遊程設計之影響。本研究方法以深度訪談法,訪談5位綜合旅行社從業人員,針對後疫情時代知覺風險對遊程設計影響進行分析與整理。研究結果發現後疫情時代從業人員旅遊知覺風險著重於設備與設施風險、時間風險與財務風險。後疫情時代遊程設計之要素為交通工具、飯店等級、景點門票與餐廳安排。研究發現知覺風險對遊程設計要素之影響為了解目的地情況與產品的穩定性、須預留更多時間調整行程、供給面不足易造成旅遊成本增加、獲利短缺或是虧損等狀況。本研究以後疫情時代從業人員對遊程設計之內容,輔助從業人員規劃旅遊行程與設計適應性。建議未來研究可透過比較疫後全球恢復旅遊人次與臺灣目前狀態來作為後續研究數據。
While the travel industry has gradually recovered, the major issue of travel itineraries arrangement were consumer demands and maintain competitiveness. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of travel industry professionals' perceived risk on tour design in the post-pandemic. The study used the in-depth interview with travel professionals to collect data.
The results of the study found that travel professionals' risk perceived were more focused on equipment and facility risk, time risk and financial risk in the post-epidemic. The elements in post-pandemic tour design were transportation, hotel accommodations, attraction tickets, and restaurant arrangements. From perceived risks, the tour design should be understanding more destination conditions, allowing more time for adjustments, increasing potential cost due to supply shortages, and being less profitability. This results contribute to professionals in tour design with adaptable content and serves as a reference for relevant events. For future research, the study suggested to compare the post-pandemic global tourism in recovery period with the current situation in Taiwan.
丁誌魰、陳淼勝、何嬿婷、陳淑娟 (2018)。旅遊知覺風險、保險知覺價值與投保行為之研究。環境與管理研究,19(2),17-30。http://doi.org/10.6725/JEM.201812_19(2).0002
王竹立 (2020)。後疫情时代,教育應如何轉型?電化教育研究,41(4),13-20。
交通部觀光局 (2016年12月12日)。國內旅遊定型化契約書範本。交通部觀光局行政資訊網。https://admin.taiwan.net.tw/BusinessInfo/Regulation?a=109&cp=&c=&q=%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%A7&pi=30&p=1&id=193
洪珮綺 (2022)。療癒遊程規劃要素之研究–旅客觀點 [未出版碩士論文]。國立暨南國際大學。
孫慶文 (1999)。旅運實務。揚智文化。
容繼業 (1996)。旅行業理論與實務(第三版)。揚智文化。
張瑞奇 (2019)。遊程規劃與設計。揚智文化。
郭宗賢、郭彥谷、李喻薇、魏筱昀 (2020)。「偽出國」知覺旅遊風險影響預防行為之探討。觀光與休閒管理期刊,9,39-47。http://doi.org/10.3390/su13158405
陳羿文、傅美麗、陳堯鈴、朱達仁 (2014)。最適化主題遊程規劃研究。休憩管理研究,1(2),51-66。
陳瑞倫、趙曼白 (2014)。遊程規劃與成本分析。揚智文化。
鄧天德 (2011)。抽樣樣本數的推估。北市教大社教學報,(10),191-189。http://doi.org/10.7035/PSCTSCHP.201112.0189
Adam, I. (2015). Backpackers’ risk perceptions and risk reduction strategies in Ghana. Tourism Management,49, 99-108. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.02.016
Adeoye‐Olatunde, O. A., & Olenik, N. L. (2021). Research and scholarly methods: Semi‐structured interviews. Journal of the american college of clinical pharmacy, 4(10), 1358-1367. http://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.1441
Aharon, D. Y., Aziz, M. I. A., & Kallir, I. (2023). Oil price shocks and inflation: A cross-national examination in the ASEAN5+ 3 countries. Resources Policy, 82, 103573.
Altin, M., Schwartz, Z., & Uysal, M. (2017). “Where you do it” matters: The impact of hotels’ revenue-management implementation strategies on performance. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 67, 46-52. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2017.08.001
Bandura, A. (2000), “Exercise of human agency through collective efficacy”. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9(3), 75-78. http://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.00064
Bassamboo, A., & Randhawa, R. S. (2016). Scheduling homogeneous impatient customers. Management Science, 62(7), 2129-2147. http://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2015.2241
Campos-Soria, J. A., Inchausti-Sintes, F., & Eugenio-Martin, J. L. (2015). Understanding tourists' economizing strategies during the global economic crisis. Tourism Management, 48, 164-173. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.10.019
Chang, H. H. (2010). Nationality's differences in youth tourists' travelling risk perceptions and satisfactions within Taiwan. Journal of Tourism, 11(2).
Chua, B. L., Al-Ansi, A., Lee, M. J., & Han, H. (2021). Impact of health risk perception on avoidance of international travel in the wake of a pandemic. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(7), 985-1002. http://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1829570.
Colombo, M. G., Piva, E., Quas, A., & Rossi-Lamastra, C. (2016). How high-tech entrepreneurial ventures cope with the global crisis: changes in product innovation and internationalization strategies. Industry and innovation, 23(7), 647-671. http://doi.org/10.1080/13662716.2016.1196438
Crespi-Vallbona, M., & Mascarilla-Miró, O. (2020). Wine lovers: Their interests in tourist experiences. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 14(2), 239-258. http://doi.org/10.1108/IJCTHR-05-2019-0095
Cretu, C. M., Turtureanu, A. G., Sirbu, C. G., Chitu, F., Marinescu, E. Ş., Talaghir, L. G., & Robu, D. M. (2021). Tourists’ perceptions regarding traveling for recreational or leisure purposes in times of health crisis. Sustainability, 13(15), 8405. http://doi.org/10.3390/su13158405
Crompton, J. (1979). Motivations for pleasure vacation. Annals of Tourism Research, 6(4), 408‐424. http://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(79)90004-5
Crompton, J. L., & Ankomah, P. K. (1993). Choice set propositions in destination decisions. Annals of tourism research, 20(3), 461-476. http://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(93)90003-L
Crouch, G. I., Huybers, T., & Oppewal, H. (2016). Inferring future vacation experience preference from past vacation choice: A latent class analysis. Journal of Travel Research, 55(5), 574-587. http://doi.org/10.1177/0047287514564994
de Wit, J. G., & Zuidberg, J. (2016). Route churn: an analysis of low-cost carrier route continuity in Europe. Journal of Transport Geography, 50, 57-67. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2015.04.003
Decrop, A. (2010). Destination choice sets: An inductive longitudinal approach. Annals of Tourism Research, 37(1), 93-115. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2009.08.002
Fletcher, J., & Morakabati, Y. (2008). Tourism activity, terrorism and political instability within the Commonwealth: The cases of Fiji and Kenya. International Journal of Tourism Research, 10(6), 537-556. http://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.699
Floyd, M. F., Gibson, H., Pennington-Gray, L., & Thapa, B. (2004). The effect of risk perceptions on intentions to travel in the aftermath of September 11, 2001. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 15(2-3), 19-38. http://doi.org/10.1300/J073v15n02_02
Fotiadis, A., Polyzos, S. & Huan, T.-C.T.C. (2021). The good, the bad and the ugly on COVID-19 tourism recovery. Annals of Tourism Research, 87, 103117. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.103117
Fuchs, G., & Reichel, A. (2006). Tourist destination risk perception: The case of Israel. Journal of Hospitality & Leisure Marketing, 14(2), 83-108. http://doi.org/10.1300/J150v14n02_06
García, C. G., Ordóñez, J. C., & Pisonero, R. D. (2017). Los listados de ciudades globales. Desde la práctica investigadora a su utilización como argumento en la planificación urbana neoliberal. Revista internacional de sociología, 75(1), 54. http://doi.org/10.3989/ris.2017.75.1.15.11
Goodall, B. (1991). Understanding holiday choice. Understanding holiday choice, 3, 58-77.
Goodrich, J. N. (2002). September 11, 2001 attack on America: a record of the immediate impacts and reactions in the USA travel and tourism industry. Tourism Management, 23(6), 573-580. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(02)00029-8
Goossens, C. (2000). Tourism information and pleasure motivation. Annals of tourism research, 27(2), 301-321. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(99)00067-5
Gray, J. M., & Wilson, M. A. (2009). The relative risk perception of travel hazards. Environment and Behavior, 41(2), 185-204. http://doi.org/10.1177/0013916507311898
Gross, S., Lück, M., & Schröder, A. (2016). The low cost carrier–a worldwide phenomenon. The low cost carrier worldwide, 37(34), 3-18. http://doi.org/10.4324/9781315555911
Hall, C. M. (2011). Publish and perish? Bibliometric analysis, journal ranking and the assessment of research quality in tourism. Tourism management, 32(1), 16-27. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2010.07.001
Hamilton, J. M., & Lau, M. A. (2006). The role of climate information in tourist destination choice decision making. Tourism and global environmental change, 13, 229-250. http://doi.org/10.4324/9780203011911-26
Henderson, J. C., & Ng, A. (2004). Responding to crisis: Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and hotels in Singapore. International journal of tourism research, 6(6), 411-419. http://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.505
Heung, V. C., Qu, H., & Chu, R. (2001). The relationship between vacation factors and socio-demographic and travelling characteristics: The case of Japanese leisure travellers. Tourism management, 22(3), 259-269. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(00)00057-1
Hsu, T. K., Tsai, Y. F., & Wu, H. H. (2009). The preference analysis for tourist choice of destination: A case study of Taiwan. Tourism management, 30(2), 288-297. http://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.tourman.2008.07.011
Huang, X., Dai, S., & Xu, H. (2020). Predicting tourists' health risk preventative behaviour and travelling satisfaction in Tibet: Combining the theory of planned behaviour and health belief model. Tourism Management Perspectives, 33, 100589. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2019.100589
Karagöz, D., Işık, C., Dogru, T., & Zhang, L. (2021). Solo female travel risks, anxiety and travel intentions: Examining the moderating role of online psychological-social support. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(11), 1595-1612. http://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1816929
Kaushal, V. & Srivastava, S. (2021). Hospitality and tourism industry amid COVID-19 pandemic: perspectives on challenges and learnings from India. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 92, 102707. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102707
Kilian, L., & Zhou, X. (2022). The impact of rising oil prices on US inflation and inflation expectations in 2020–23. Energy Economics, 113, 1-11. http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3980337
Kim, S. S., & Prideaux, B. (2005). Marketing implications arising from a comparative study of international pleasure tourist motivations and other travel-related characteristics of visitors to Korea. Tourism management, 26(3), 347-357.
Kozak, M. (2002). Comparative analysis of tourist motivations by nationality and destinations. Tourism management, 23(3), 221-232. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(01)00090-5
Lepp, A., & Gibson, H. (2003). Tourist roles, perceived risk and international tourism. Annals of tourism research, 30(3), 606-624. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(03)00024-0
Lanouar, C., & Goaied, M. (2019). Tourism, terrorism and political violence in Tunisia: Evidence from Markov-switching models. Tourism Management, 70, 404-418. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.09.002
Liu, Y., Liu, J., & Mi, C. (2021, Auguest 10-12). Pricing and strategies in queuing perspective based on prospect theory [Oral presentation]. 2021 INFORMS International Conference on Service Science. Beijing, China. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90275-9_18
Mansfeld, Y. & Pizma, A. (2006). Tourism and Safety Issues. Tourism, Security and Safety.
Mölder, F., Jablonski, K. P., Letcher, B., Hall, M. B., Tomkins-Tinch, C. H., Sochat, V., ... & Köster, J. (2021). Sustainable data analysis with Snakemake. F1000Research, 10(33). http://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.29032.1
Moscardo, G. (2020). Stories and design in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 83, 1-12. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.102950
Murphy, P. E., & Bayley, R. (1989). Tourism and disaster planning. Geographical Review, 79(1), 36-46. http://doi.org/10.2307/215681
Nicolau, J. L., & Mas, F. J. (2006). The influence of distance and prices on the choice of tourist destinations: The moderating role of motivations. Tourism Management, 27(5), 982-996. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2005.09.009
Orden-Mejía, M., Carvache-Franco, M., Huertas, A., Carvache-Franco, W., Landeta-Bejarano, N., & Carvache-Franco, O. (2022). Post-COVID-19 Tourists’ Preferences, Attitudes and Travel Expectations: A Study in Guayaquil, Ecuador. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(8), 4822. http://doi.prg/10.3390/ijerph19084822
Park, K., & Reisinger, Y. (2010). Differences in the perceived influence of natural disasters and travel risk on international travel. Tourism Geographies, 12(1), 1-24. http://doi.org/10.1080/14616680903493621
Poon, A., & Adams, E. (2000). How the British will travel 2005. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(1), 279-281. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(01)00051-2
Pramono, A. Z., & Saptutyningsih, E. (2023). Assessing Economic Value of a Cultural Heritage Site Using Travel Cost Method. Journal of Economics Research and Social Sciences, 7(1), 98-115.
Quintal, V. A., Lee, J. A., & Soutar, G. N. (2010). Risk, uncertainty and the theory of planned behavior: A tourism example. Tourism management, 31(6), 797-805. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.08.006
Rahmafitria, F., Suryadi, K., Oktadiana, H., Putro, H. P. H., & Rosyidie, A. (2021). Applying knowledge, social concern and perceived risk in planned behavior theory for tourism in the Covid-19 pandemic. Tourism Review, 76(4), 809-828. http://doi.org/10.1108/TR-11-2020-0542
Rahman, M. K., Gazi, M. A. I., Bhuiyan, M. A., & Rahaman, M. A. (2021). Effect of Covid-19 pandemic on tourist travel risk and management perceptions. Plos one, 16(9), e0256486. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256486
Reisinger, Y., & Mavondo, F. (2006). Cultural differences in travel risk perception. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 20(1), 13-31. http://doi.org/10.1300/J073v20n01_02
Richards, G. (2020). Designing creative places: The role of creative tourism. Annals of tourism research, 85, 102922. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.102922
Roehl, W. S. & Fesenmaier, D. R. (1992). Risk perceptions and pleasure travel: anexploratory analysis. Journal of Travel Research, 30(4), 17-26. http://doi.org/10.1177/004728759203000403
Sheldon, P. J. (2020). Designing tourism experiences for inner transformation. Annals of Tourism Research, 83, 102935. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.102935
Siddique, A., Shahzad, A., Lawler, J., Mahmoud, K. A., Lee, D. S., Ali, N., ... & Rasool, K. (2021). Unprecedented environmental and energy impacts and challenges of COVID-19 pandemic. Environmental Research, 193, 110443. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.110443
Sigala, M. (2020). Tourism and COVID-19: impacts and implications for advancing and resetting industry and research. Journal of Business Research, 117, 312-321. http://doi.org//10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.06.015
Sönmez, S. F., & Graefe, A. R. (1998). Determining Future Travel Behavior from Past Travel Experience and Perceptions of Risk and Safety. Journal of Travel Research, 37(2), 171-177. https://doi.org/10.1177/004728759803700209
Tasci, A. D., & Gartner, W. C. (2007). Destination image and its functional relationships. Journal of travel research, 45(4), 413-425. http://doi.org/10.1177/0047287507299569
Teeroovengadum, V., Seetanah, B., Bindah, E., Pooloo, A., & Veerasawmy, I. (2021). Minimising perceived travel risk in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic to boost travel and tourism. Tourism Review, 76(4), 910-928. http://doi.org/10.1108/TR-05-2020-0195
World Tourism Organization (2020, June 2). NEW DATA SHOWS IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON TOURISM AS UNWTO CALLS FOR RESPONSIBLE RESTART OF THE SECTOR. https://www.unwto.org/news/new-data-shows-impact-of-covid-19-on-tourism
Uysal, M., Berbekova, A., & Kim, H. (2020). Designing for quality of life. Annals of Tourism Research, 83, 1-9.
Wang, K. Y. (2014). How change of public transportation usage reveals fear of the SARS virus in a city. PloS one, 9(3), e89405. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0089405
Wen, J., Kozak, M., Yang, S., & Liu, F. (2020). COVID-19: potential effects on Chinese citizens’ lifestyle and travel. Tourism Review, 76(1), 74-87. http://doi.org/10.1108/TR-03-2020-0110
Wen, Z., Huimin, G., & Kavanaugh, R. R. (2005). The impacts of SARS on the consumer behaviour of Chinese domestic tourists. Current Issues in Tourism, 8(1), 22-38. http://doi.org/10.1080/13683500508668203
Yeh, S.-S. (2021). Tourism recovery strategy against COVID-19 pandemic. Tourism Recreation Research, 46(2), 188-194. http;//doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2020.1805933
Zeng, Z., Chen, P. J., & Lew, A. A. (2020). From high-touch to high-tech: COVID-19 drives robotics adoption. Tourism geographies, 22(3), 724-734. http://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1762118
Zhan, L., Zeng, X., Morrison, A. M., Liang, H., & Coca-Stefaniak, J. A. (2022). A risk perception scale for travel to a crisis epicentre: Visiting Wuhan after COVID-19. Current Issues in Tourism, 25(1), 150-167. http://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1857712
Zhang, H., Song, H., Wen, L. and Liu, C. (2021). Forecasting tourism recovery amid COVID-19. Annals of Tourism Research, 87, 103149. http://doi.org/10.6981/FEM.202107_2(7).0001
Zhang, J., Xu, X., Yu, H., Liu, M., & Yang, C. (2019). Analytical model for the change of travel time savings with waiting time and service level. IEEE Access, 7, 185228-185238. http://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2960641