研究生: |
陳佑伊 Chen Yu-I |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
沉默與聲音:李君容之殘月樓中加拿大華人移民經驗 Silence and Voice:the Immigrant Experience of the Chinese Canadians in SKY Lee's Disappearing Moon Cafe |
指導教授: |
何文敬
Ho, Wen-Ching |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
英語學系 Department of English |
畢業學年度: | 86 |
語文別: | 中文 |
中文關鍵詞: | 沉默 、聲音 、加拿大華人 、移民經驗 、種族歧視 、性別歧視 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:176 下載:0 |
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女作家李君容 (S.K.Y. Lee) 的小說《殘月樓》(Disappearing Moon Cafe) 可以說是華人作品第一次在加拿大受到廣泛地重視。此小說以王姓華人家庭的移民史為背景,年代始於十九世紀末,終止於1987年。在這橫越一世紀之久的家族史中,記錄了華人與白人的種族衝突、不同世代華人女性間的爭執及其後代的認同政策皆因移民經驗而複雜化。整本小說中,沉默與聲音穿梭於王家的四個世代,而聲音與沉默之間的張力不斷地產生認同危機。 第一章闡述沉默在華裔作品中的不可或缺性。本章以華裔批評家張敬玨 (King-Kok Cheung) 的主張 (Silences can be also articulate) 為基礎,說明沉默為另一種聲音。沉默及聲音皆與身份認同、主體性息息相關。藉由兩者的辨證關係與此種多聲的特性,明確且有力地表達加拿大華人的移民經驗。第二章探討小說中的種族關係,突顯男性移民者在客居地受到的歧視。王貴昌在溫哥華的任務為尋覓早期客死異鄉苦力們的靈骨。這一群替加拿大太平洋鐵路工作的廉價勞工之死為異族間的歧視做見證。且1924年白人女子史密斯遭華人男子謀殺一案,加拿大華人檢視自己在異鄉的身份。並經由嫌疑犯王峰成的沉默控訴白人的權力關係。第三章就性別與種族的越界,試圖以女性與族裔身份之間的關係探討中國傳統女性性別角色 (womanhood) 在移民經驗中所呈現的文化衝突。梅蘭以豐梅的不孕及傳宗接代的故國傳統,要求兒子長發與店裡的女服務生宋安發生關係;同樣受到祖國文化影響的豐梅,則以沉默面對婆婆梅蘭的惡言相激。豐梅因與丁安的婚外情一方面完成了她的性別角色,另一方面揭櫫了在時空、地域的變遷下,加拿大華人身分認同的不一致性。第四章的議題在於證明沉默反映了種族與性別的權力架構;隸屬於從屬階級的移民者 (尤其是女性華人) 沒有聲音。壁亞琪思決口不提母親豐梅的不忠及妹妹蘇珊與同母異父摩根的亂倫事件;此舉導致了女兒凱的認同危機。身為王家第四代子孫,凱破除沉默的符咒並藉由書寫過去的家族史,重新建構華人在加拿大的移民歷史。凱的再現過去並非為失音的華人找回其聲音,而是對抗語言付予歷史書寫的真實性。作者在《殘月樓》中,運用交錯的聲音與沉默,巧妙地再現加拿大華人的移民經驗。
Disappearing Moon Cafe is SKY Lee's first novel about Chinese in Canada that has received nation-wide attention. What constitutes the background of the novel is the immigrant history of the Wong family, which spans about a century—from late nineteenth century to 1987. During the century-long years, the family history records the racial conflicts between the Chinese and the whites, the discord among different generations of Chinese females,and the identity politics of the Chinese descendants, which taken together are complicated by immigrant experience.Throughout the novel, silence and voice shuttle among the four generations of the Wongs. The tensions between silence and voice incessantly bring about identity crisis. Chapter One elucidates silence as indispensable in the writings of the Chinese diaspora. Grounded on King-Kok Cheung's study on articulate silences, this chapter explains that silence is a form of articulation. Both silence and voice have much to do with identity and subjectivity. The dialectical relation between silence and voice and their characteris tics of multi-vocality express the immigrant experience of Chinese Canadians. Chapter Two discusses the race relations in the novel, emphasizing the racial discrimination that the Chinese males suffer in the host country. Gwei Chang Wong's expedition in Vancouver is to search for bones of the dead coolies who come earlier. The death of the CPR laborers is the witness of racism. The Chinese bachelor society examines their identity in Canada after the 1924 murder case of Janet Smith whose prime suspect is a Chinese boy. Silence of the Chinese suspect Foon Sing Wong articulates the juridico-political power discourse of the whites.Chapter Three explores the relation between women and ethnic identity in terms of the boundary crossing between gender and race. Also under interrogation is the concept of Chinese womanhood indicative of the cultural conflicts immigrant women have to encounter. Because of Fong Mei's infertility, Mui Lan, in her desire to have a grandson to carry on the family name, asks her son Choy Fuk to sleep with the waitress Song Ang. Influenced by the homeland culture, Fong Mei keeps silent about her mother-in-law's accusation. Fong Mei's adultery with Ting An, on the one hand, accomplishes her gender imperatives. On the other, it accounts for the identification of Chinese Canadians that alters with spatial and temporal changes. Chapter Four demonstrates that although the subaltern (especially the Chinese females) are voiceless, their silence paradoxically voices the power structure of racism and sexism.Kae's identity crisis originates from the silence of Beatrice who refuses to mention Fong Mei's infidelity and Suzanne's incest with Morgan.As a member of the fourth generation, Kae breaks the spell of silenceand reconstructs the history of Chinese Canadians by writing the past of her family.Instead of speaking for the Chinese, Kae's representationaims to fight againstthe authenticity ascribed to history. In short, SKY Lee's employment of silence and voice in Disappearing Moon Cafe skillfully represents the Chinese experience in Canada.