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研究生： 蔡世雍
Shih-Yung Tsai
論文名稱： 光分歧器應用於光分時多工系統之研究與應用
Study and fabrication of optical Splitter for Applying to OTDM system
指導教授： 曹士林
Tsao, Shyh-Lin
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 光電工程研究所
Graduate Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering
論文出版年： 2007
畢業學年度： 95
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 95
中文關鍵詞： 光分歧器 、光分時多工 、溶膠法
英文關鍵詞： optical splitter, OTDM, sol-gel method
論文種類： 學術論文
相關次數： 點閱：151  下載：13 
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    • 本文提出應用多模干涉型積體光波導光分歧器，分析光分時多工系統之效能，並嘗試以溶膠凝膠法製作出1x(2N+1)光分歧器。多模干涉型波導光分歧器是基於自成像現象設計而成。另外我們利用設計出來的光編碼器應用到光分時多工系統中，利用延遲時間的調整來得到合併的高速脈衝。最後，我們利用溶膠凝膠法在石英基板上來製作玻璃光波導，以便達到易於積體光學元件之製作。

    In this thesis, we apply multimode interference integrated optical power splitter to the optical time division multiplexer system. And we try to fabricate the 1x(2N+1) optical splitter by sol-gel method. The multimode interference optical splitter is designed according to self-image phenomenon. And we apply delay line technique to OTDM system to obtain the generation of combining pulse train. Finally we fabricate glass waveguide on quartz by using sol-gel method.

    摘要………………………………………………………i ABSTRACT………………………………………………………ii 誌 謝………………………………………………………iii Contents………………………………………………………iv List of Figures………………………………………………………vi List of Tables………………………………………………………viii Chapter 1 Introduction……………………………………………………1 Chapter 2 Design and Analysis of 1x(2N+1) MMI Power Splitter Based on SOQ Waveguide ………………………………………5 2-1 Introduction of the Technique of Sol-Gel Waveguide………………………………………………………6 2-1-1 Mathematic Formulation of Beam Propagation Method ………………………………………………………7 2-1-2 Erbium doped waveguide amplifier based sol gel method ………………………………………………………11 2-2 Introduction of the Technique of MMI Structure ………………………………………………………14 2-2-1 Mathematic Formulation of MMI Structure ………………………………………………………15 2-3 Simulation Results of 1x(2N+1) MMI Power Splitters Based on Sol-Gel Er3+ Doped Waveguide ………………………………………………………17 2-3-1 1 x 3 MMI Power Splitter based on Sol-Gel glass waveguide ………………………………………………………17 2-3-2 1 x 5 MMI Power Splitter based on Sol-Gel glass waveguide ………………………………………………………19 2-3-3 1 x 7 MMI Optical Splitter based on Sol-Gel glass waveguide ………………………………………………………21 2-3-4 1 x 9 MMI Optical Splitter based on Sol-Gel glass waveguide ………………………………………………………22 2-4 Summary ………………………………………………………24 Chapter 3 An Optical Multiplexer for Pulse Train Generation ………………………………………………………38 3-1 Introduction of the optical time division multiplexing ………………………………………………………39 3-2 Theory of the generation of pulse train based on optical time division multiplexer ………………………………………………………40 3-2-1 Basic principle of pulse train generation based on lightwave circuit ………………………………………………………41 3-3 Design and analysis of the generation of pulse train based on optical time division multiplexing 44 3-3-1 Generation of pulse train based on 1x3 MMI power splitter ………………………………………………………44 3-3-2 Generation of pulse train based on 1x5 MMI power splitter ………………………………………………………45 3-3-3 Generation of pulse train based on 1x7 MMI power splitter ………………………………………………………47 3-3-4 Generation of pulse train based on 1x9 MMI power splitter ………………………………………………………48 3-4 Summary ………………………………………………………50 Chapter 4 Fabrication of Er3+ Doped Waveguide Based on Sol Gel Process ………………………………………………………59 4-1 Introduction of Sol-Gel technology for integrated optics ………………………………………………………60 4-2 Theory of Er3+ doped waveguide based on sol-gel method ………………………………………………………63 4-3 Fabrication processes of Er3+ doped Sol-Gel glass ………………………………………………………64 4-3-1 Chemistry reaction and Processes of Erbium doped Sol Gel Tectosilicate ………………………………………………………65 4-3-2 Fabrication of sol gel Er3+ doped thin film on quartz substrate ………………………………………………………69 4-3-3 Experiment result of Channel waveguide based on Er3+ doped sol-gel glass ………………………………………………………74 4-3-4 Experiment result of 1x(2N+1) optical power splitters based on Er3+ doped sol-gel glass ………………………………………………………75 4-4 Summary ………………………………………………………77 Chapter 5 Conclusion ………………………………………………………84 Reference ………………………………………………………86 Publication Lists ………………………………………………………95 List of Figures Fig. 2-1 Structure of MMI devices ………………………26 Fig. 2-2 Multimode waveguide based on self-imaging ………………………………………………………26 Fig. 2-3 Structure of 1x(2N+1) MMI optical splitter based on Sol gel glass rib waveguide ………………………………………………………27 Fig. 2-4 Length variation of MMI waveguide of a 1x3 MMI splitter with WMMI =18μm at input wavelength 1.55μm ………………………………………………………27 Fig. 2-5 Width variation of MMI waveguide of a 1x3 MMI splitter with LMMI = 492.6μm at input wavelength 1.55μm ………………………………………………………28 Fig. 2-6 Response of input wavelength of a 1x3 MMI splitter with LMMI = 492.3μm and WMMI = 18μm ………………………………………………………28 Fig. 2-7 Etched depth variation of rib waveguide of a 1x3 MMI splitter with LMMI=492.6μm and WMMI=18μm at input wavelength 1.55μm ………………………………………………………29 Fig. 2-8 Length variation of MMI waveguide of a 1x5 MMI splitter with WMMI = 30μm at input wavelength 1.55μm ………………………………………………………29 Fig. 2-9 Width variation of MMI waveguide of a 1x5 MMI splitter with LMMI = 1203μm at input wavelength 1.55μm ………………………………………………………30 Fig. 2-10 Response of input wavelength of a 1x5 MMI splitter with LMMI = 1203μm and WMMI = 30μm ………………………………………………………30 Fig. 2-11 Etched depth variation of rib waveguide of a 1x5 MMI splitter with LMMI=1203μm and WMMI=30μm at input wavelength 1.55μm ………………………………………………………31 Fig. 2-12 Length variation of MMI waveguide of a 1x7 MMI splitter with WMMI = 42μm at input wavelength 1.55μm ………………………………………………………31 Fig. 2-13 Width variation of MMI waveguide of a 1x7 MMI splitter with LMMI = 2763μm at input wavelength 1.55μm ………………………………………………………32 Fig. 2-14 Response of input wavelength of a 1x7 MMI splitter with LMMI = 4276.3μm and WMMI = 42μm ………………………………………………………32 Fig. 2-15 Etched depth variation of rib waveguide of a 1x7 MMI splitter with LMMI=4276.3μm and WMMI=42μm at input wavelength 1.55μm ………………………………………………………33 Fig. 2-16 Length variation of MMI waveguide of a 1x9 MMI splitter with WMMI = 54μm at input wavelength 1.55μm ………………………………………………………33 Fig. 2-17 Width variation of MMI waveguide of a 1x9 MMI splitter with WMMI = 54μm at input wavelength 1.55μm ………………………………………………………34 Fig. 2-18 Response of input wavelength of a 1x9 MMI splitter with LMMI = 6000μm and WMMI = 54μm ………………………………………………………34 Fig. 2-19 Etched depth variation of rib waveguide of a 1x9 MMI splitter with LMMI=6000μm and WMMI=54μm at input wavelength 1.55μm ………………………………………………………35 Fig. 2-20 Relation of LMMI of and number of output ports for 1x(2N+1) power splitter based on sol gel glass ………………………………………………………35 Fig. 2-21 Relation of WMMI of and number of output ports for 1x(2N+1) power splitter based on sol gel glass ………………………………………………………36 Fig. 2-22 Relation of Wavelength of and number of output ports for 1x(2N+1) power splitter based on sol gel glass ………………………………………………………36 Fig. 2-23 Relation of depth of and number of output ports for 1x(2N+1) power splitter based on sol gel glass ………………………………………………………37 Fig. 3-1 Transmitter and of the OTDM system ………………………………………………………51 Fig. 3-2 Timing scheme for multiplexing in an n-channel OTDM ………………………………………………………52 Fig. 3-3 BPM simulation of the 1x3 MMI splitter operation ………………………………………………………52 Fig. 3-4 Simulation of pulse train trace for using 1x3 power splitter ………………………………………………………53 Fig. 3-5 BER versus received power for applying 1x3 optical splitter ………………………………………………………53 Fig. 3-6 BPM simulation of the 1x5 MMI splitter operation ………………………………………………………54 Fig. 3-7 Simulation of pulse train trace for using 1x5 power splitter ………………………………………………………54 Fig. 3-8 BER versus received power for applying 1x5 optical splitter ………………………………………………………55 Fig. 3-9 BPM simulation of the 1x7 MMI splitter operation ………………………………………………………55 Fig. 3-10 Simulation of pulse train trace for using 1x7 power splitter ………………………………………………………56 Fig. 3-11 BER versus received power for applying 1x7 optical splitter ………………………………………………………56 Fig. 3-12 BPM simulation of the 1x9 MMI splitter operation ………………………………………………………57 Fig. 3-13 Simulation of pulse train trace for using 1x9 power splitter ………………………………………………………57 Fig. 3-14 BER versus received power for applying 1x9 optical splitter ………………………………………………………58 Fig. 4-1 Three-level modal for Er3+ doped waveguide amplifier ………………………………………………………78 Fig. 4-2 Processes of Er3+ doped Sol-Gel Glass ………………………………………………………78 Fig. 4-3 Mainly Sol-Gel chemical reaction ………………………………………………………79 Fig. 4-4 the process of drying sol gel thin film ………………………………………………………79 Fig. 4-5 The relation of erbium concentration and refractive index ………………………………………………………80 Fig. 4-6 The infrared absorption spectrum of sol gel thin film ………………………………………………………80 Fig. 4-8 The picture of channel waveguide ………………………………………………………82 Fig. 4-9 The picture of 1x3 optical power splitter ………………………………………………………82 Fig. 4-10 The picture of 1x5 optical power splitter ………………………………………………………82 Fig. 4-11 The picture of 1x7 optical power splitter ………………………………………………………82 Fig. 4-12 Relation of concentration of normalize enhancement signal ………………………………………………………83 Fig. 4-13 The image mode pattern is captured to Pc by IR Camera and image card with source wavelength = 1550nm ………………………………………………………83 List of Tables Table 2-1 Design parameters of 1x(2N+1) power splitters based on sol gel glass ………………………………………………………37 Table 3-1 The relation of splitters output posts forΔτ, ΔL, and Output pulse frequency ………………………………………………………58

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