蓋希文(George Gershwin, 1898-1937)從高中輟學生迅速成為二十世紀標誌性作曲家的生涯就像夜空中劃過的彗星一樣，耀眼而獨特，他憑藉非凡的才華和不懈的努力譜寫了他所處時代的傳奇。他巧妙地融合了「錫盤巷」(Tin Pan Alley)流行音樂、劇場音樂、爵士樂和古典音樂，創作了成功的流行歌曲、百老匯音樂劇、多種嚴肅作品和一部歌劇。這些作品受到了從交響樂團、鋼琴家、爵士樂隊和夜總會歌手等不同表演者的喜愛。他的音樂結合了形式上的精湛技藝、節奏活力和藍調元素，創造了一種獨特且廣泛深遠影響的原創風格，使他成為二十世紀最重要的美國作曲家之一。
本論文聚焦于蓋希文鮮為人知的作品《第二狂想曲》，旨在探討其音樂和創作手法如何體現該作品的藝術價值。此曲是蓋希文一部被低估的重要作品，為鋼琴與管弦樂隊而作。本文從20世紀美國音樂史的角度出發，探討蓋希文作為開啟美國音樂文化新篇章的關鍵人物的地位，並詳細描述他個人藝術生涯的發展軌跡。接著圍繞《第二狂想曲》展開討論，不僅探討了其複雜而獨特的創作背景，還關注了首演情形、評論界反應以及樂譜版本等細節。最後通過從曲式與和聲、主題發展手法、旋律及節奏等多個角度進行分析，並結合多位蓋希文研究學者對這部作品的見解，力求全面理解這部作品的創作技法及其風格特徵。

George Gershwin (1898–1937), a high school dropout who rapidly ascended to become one of the most iconic composers of the 20th century, led a career as dazzling and unique as a comet streaking across the night sky. Through his extraordinary talent and relentless dedication, he composed a legacy that epitomized the spirit of his era. He forged a hybrid of Tin Pan Alley, theater music, jazz, and classical music, writing successful popular songs, Broadway musicals, assorted serious compositions, and an opera, all of which have been embraced by performers ranging from symphony orchestras, pianists to jazz groups and nightclub singers. His music combined formal brilliance with rhythmic vitality and blues influences to create an original style distinctive in itself and broadly influential, making him the most significant American composer of the 20th century.
This thesis focuses on George Gershwin's lesser-known work, Second Rhapsody, aiming to explore how its music and compositional techniques reflect the artistic value of the piece. Second Rhapsody is an underappreciated yet significant composition by Gershwin, written for piano and orchestra. From the perspective of the music history of the United States in the 20th century, this study examines Gershwin's role as a pivotal figure in ushering in a new chapter in American musical culture, while also detailing the trajectory of his personal artistic career. The discussion then centers on Second Rhapsody, delving into its complex and unique compositional background, as well as aspects such as its premiere, critical reception, and the variations in its score. Finally, through an analysis from multiple perspectives including form and harmony, thematic development, melody, and rhythm, and by incorporating the insights of numerous Gershwin scholars on this work, this thesis seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the compositional techniques and stylistic features of Second Rhapsody.

一、中文文獻
專書
蔡良玉。《美國專業音樂發展簡史》。北京：人民音樂出版社，2004。
Krellmann, Hanspeter.《格什溫》(George Gershwin)。俞人豪 譯。北京：人民音樂出版社，2006。
二、外文文獻
專書
Atkins, Irene Kahn. Source music in motion pictures. London and Toronto: Associated University Presses, 1983.
Armitage, Merle. George Gershwin. Da Capo Press, 1995.
Behrman, S. N. People in a diary: A memoir. Boston-Toronto, 1972.
Barrios, Richard. A Song in the Dark: The Birth of the Musical Film. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.
Copland, Aaron. Perlis, Vivian. Copland: 1900 through 1942. New York : St. Martin's/Marek, 1984.
Chase, Gilbert. America's Music: From the Pilgrims to the Present. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co, 1966.
Celenza, Anna Harwell, ed. The Cambridge Companion to Gershwin. Cambridge University Press, 2019.
Ewen, David. The Story of George Gershwin. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1943.
Gilbert, Steven E. The music of Gershwin. Yale University Press, 1995.
Goldberg, Isaac. George Gershwin: A Study in American Music. Supplemented by Edith Garson. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., 1958.
Howard, John Tasker. Our Contemporary Composers. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1941.
Hitchcock, H. Wiley. Music in the United States: A Historical Introduction, PRENTICE HALL, 2000.
Jablonski, Edward. Gershwin. New York: Doubleday, 1987.
Kendall, Alan. George Gershwin. New York: Universe Books, 1987.
Kimball, Robert. Simon, Alfred. The Gershwins. New York: Atheneum, 1973.
Leon, Ruth. Gershwin. London: Haus, 2004.
Pease, Ted. Jazz Composition: Theory and Practice. Berklee Press Publications, 2003.
Pollack, Howard. George Gershwin: His Life and Work. London: University of California Press, 2006.
Peyser, Joan. The Memory of All That: The Life of George Gershwin. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1993.
Rimler, Walter. George Gershwin : An Intimate Portrait. University of Illinois press, 2009.
Rosenberg, Deena. Fascinating rhythm: The collaboration of George and Ira Gershwin. University of Michigan Press, 1997.
Schwartz, Charles. Gershwin, His Life and Music. Bobbs-Merrill, 1973.
Schiff, David. Gershwin: Rhapsody in Blue. Cambridge University Press, 1997.
Schneider, Wayne J., ed. The Gershwin style: New Looks at the Music of George Gershwin. Oxford University Press, 1999.
Slonimsky, Nicolas. Lexicon of Musical Invective. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1969.
Taruskin, Richard. Music in the Early Twentieth Century. The Oxford History of Western Music, vol. 4. 2nd rev. ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.
Wyatt, Robert, and John Andrew Johnson, eds. The George Gershwin Reader. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.
期刊或雜志
Oja, Carol J. “Gershwin and American Modernists of the 1920s.” The Musical Quarterly 78, no. 4 (1994): 646-68.
WIERZBICKI, JAMES. “The Hollywood Career of Gershwin’s Second Rhapsody.” Journal of the American Musicological Society 60, no. 1 (2007): 133-86.
Engel, Carl. “Views and Reviews,” The Musical Quarterly 12, no. 2 (1926): 299-314.
“Tales of Tin Pan Alley: ‘Swanee’ and Its Author.” Edison Musical Magazine 10, no.1 (October 1920): 9.
Meehan, Leo. “Delicious.” Motion Picture Herald 105, no. 11(December 12, 1931): 35-36.
Kernochan, Marshall. “Notable Music: Gershwin’s ‘Second Rhapsody’ and ‘Robin Hood’.’’ The Outlook and Independent 160, no.6 (March 1932): 196.
Peet, Creighton. “Delicious.” The Outlook and Independent 160, no.2 (January 13, 1932): 55.
報紙
Gershwin, George. “Rhapsody in Catfish Row: Mr. Gershwin Tells the Origin and Scheme for His Music in That New Folk Opera Called ‘Porgy and Bess’.” The New York Times, October 20, 1935.
Hall, Mordaunt. “Janet Gaynor in a Sentimental Romance With Musical Compositions by George Gershwin.” The New York Times, December 26, 1931.
Parker, H. T. “Return of Koussevitzky, Gershwin’s Rhapsody Coolly Received.” Boston Evening Transcript, January 30, 1932.
———. “Symphonic Saturday.” Boston Evening Transcript, February 1, 1932.
Downes, Olin. “George Gershwin Plays His Second Rhapsody for First Time Here With Koussevitzky and Boston Orchestra.” The New York Times, Febrary 6, 1932.
“Delicious.” Film Daily, December 27, 1931.
“Manhattan Musicals.” New York World-Telegram, February 8, 1932.
三、網路資源
Buja, Maureen. “Gershwin’s Forgotten Rhapsody.” Interlude. Accessed August 29, 2024. https://interlude.hk/gershwin-forgotten-second-rhapsody/.
Gibbons, Jack. “About Gershwin.” Jack Gibbons: The Official Website. Accessed October 15, 2024. http://www.jackgibbons.com/2nd_rhapsody.htm.
Library of Congress. George and Ira Gershwin Collection. Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Accessed October 10, 2024. https://www.loc.gov/item/2010561028/.
四、樂譜
Gershwin, George. Second Rhapsody (full score), for Piano and Orchestra, arranged by Robert Mcbride. New York: New World Music Corp., 1953. Manuscript copy, New York Philharmonic Archives, Item ID: 5957. Transcribed and prepared by HONG, JINGMEI, completed in January 2025. Accessed December 1, 2024. https://archives.nyphil.org/index.php/artifact/ca6c172a-a323-42ec-9e5b-803e7b71b9e0-0.1/fullview#page/1/mode/2up.