人稱代名詞的兩種主要功能是照應和指稱. 大多數的學者注重人稱代名詞在說話情境中所指示的參與者角色,只有一些學者注意到人稱代名詞另有不合乎單複數和人稱特質的非典型指稱功能.但是, 對於人稱代名詞和所指稱的人之間的對應以及選用不同代名詞的效果如何, 還是需要深入研究.改變指稱範疇和自我距離可以形成人稱代詞的非典型指稱用法.理論上國語人代稱代名詞有八種形成非典型指稱用法的策略: 接近與縮小, 接近與改變, 接近改變與縮小, 接進改變與擴大, 遠離與擴大, 遠離與改變, 遠離改變與縮小, 遠離改變與擴大. 每一種策略運用都有不同的修辭功能. 政治人物經常利用不同的策略和修辭功能來影響觀聽眾的感覺, 以便塑造好形象. 政治言談中人稱代名詞非典型指稱功能的研究不但能使我們更了解人稱代名詞的不同用法, 更能幫助我們清楚政治人物的動機以及他們對人和對事的態度, 進而擺脫他們在人稱代名詞的策略影響.

The anaphoric and deictic functions are two major functions of personal pronouns. Most scholars who study the deictic function of personapersonal pronouns. concentrate heavily on the canonical deictic uses that indexparticipant roles in the speech event according to number and person features. Only a few of them notice non-canonical deictic uses of personal pronouns in which mismatches exist between referents and selected pronouns. However, there is still more to explore about the mappings of the selected pronouns and referents and how different effects are achieved through different choices of personal pronoun. Changing referential scope and distance from self make possible non-canonical deictic uses of personal pronouns. Theoretically there areeight strategies to form non-canonical deictic uses of personal pronouns in Mandarin: the approaching and narrowing strategy, the approaching and changing strategy, the approaching, changing and narrowing strategy, the approaching, changing and extending strategy, the distancing and extendingstrategy, the distancing and changing strategy, the distancing, changing andnarrowing strategy, the distancing, changing and extending strategy. Each strategy contributes to different rhetoric effects. Politicians often make use of different strategies to influence the audience's perception so that they can improve their self-images. The discussion of non-canonical deicticuses of personal pronouns in political discourse not only leads us to a better understanding of various uses of personal pronouns, but also helpsus know more about politicians' motivations and attitudes toward certain topics and persons.