目的：探討規律運動、抗氧化劑硫辛酸增補對體內超氧離子歧化酶活性的影響。方法：受試者共分為四組：服用安慰劑無規律運動習慣組（PN組）、服用安慰劑有規律運動習慣組（PE組）、增補硫辛酸無規律運動習慣增補組（AN組）及增補硫辛酸有規律運動習慣組（AE組），每組10位男性受試者，共計40人。研究中共進行2次衰竭性運動測試（Bruce potocol），兩次運動測試間隔2周予以增補硫辛酸或安慰劑之實驗處理，每次運動測試前、衰竭時、運動後15分鐘、運動後30分鐘分別採集血液樣本，分析血球超氧離子歧化酶活性。所得數據以混合設計雙因子變異數分析進行檢定。結果：第一次運動測試中，在衰竭及運動後15分鐘時，有規律運動習慣者（PE、AE組）血球SOD活性顯著高於無規律運動習慣者（PN、AN組）；第二次運動測試中，衰竭時PE、AE組皆顯著高於PN、AN組；兩次運動測試間運動表現無顯著差異，SOD活性表現差異未達顯著；AE組與AN組第一次運動測試衰竭時無顯著差異（p = .079），第二次運動測試時則達顯著差異(p = .002)，且AE組SOD活性峰值由運動後15分鐘前移至衰竭時，衰竭時SOD活性第二次運動測試顯著高於第一次（p = .035）。結論：連續兩週的抗氧化劑硫辛酸增補，對於有規律運動習慣者，雖無顯著SOD活性加成效果，但能加快體內SOD活化速率，來對抗體內氧化壓力。對於無規律運動習慣者，並沒有出現SOD顯著下降的激效作用情況。本研究中也再次印證規律運動可以有效提高體內SOD活性，增加人體抗氧化能力。建議未來在增補抗氧化劑的同時，應配合規律運動習慣，提高抗氧化能力的同時提早活化抗氧化酵素活性才能有效降低氧化壓力對身體造成的傷害。

Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the influence of regular exercise and antioxidant alpha lipoic acid (ALA) supplementation on superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in human. Methods: Subjects were divided into four groups: (1) PN group: those who took placebo and had no regular exercise habits; (2) PE group: those who took placebo and had regular exercise habits; (3) AN group: those who took ALA and had no regular exercise habits; and (4) AE group: those who took ALA and had regular exercise habits. Ten male subjects in group with a total of forty subjects. Each subject had 2 exhausted exercise tests (Bruce protocol) and between the two tests, ALA or placebo was supplied. In each exercise test, in order to analyze SOD activity in blood cells, the blood samples were collected four times: (1) before the exercise; (2) at exhaustion; (3) 15 minutes after exercise; and (4) 30 minutes after exercise. Two-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. Results: In the first exercise test, at exhaustion and 15 minutes after exercise, SOD activity in red blood cells of those who had regular exercise habits (PE and AE) were significantly higher than those who had no regular exercise habits (PN and AN). For the second exercise test, at exhaustion, SOD activity of PE and AE were both significantly higher than that of PN and AN. Between the two exercise tests, performances and SOD activity showed no significant differences in each group. At exhaustion of the first exercise test, AE and AN showed no significant differences (p= .079). However, in the second exercise test, there were significant differences (p= .002) and the peak value of SOD activity of AE appeared at exhaustion, instead of 15 minutes after exercise. At exhaustion, SOD activity in the first exercise test was significantly higher than that in the second test (p= .035). Conclusions: For those who had regular exercise habits, two-week ALA supplementation had no additive effects, but it effectively increases SOD activity at exhaustion to counteract with oxidative stress. For those who had no regular exercise habits, SOD does not decrease significantly. This research reassures that regular exercise can effectively increase SOD activity and antioxidant capacity in human. The suggestion is that while taking antioxidant, regular exercise habit is necessary to increase human antioxidant capacity and increases SOD activity effectively to decrease damage from oxidative stress.

引用文獻
吳貴琍（2004）。太極拳運動對中老年人抗氧化能力的影響。未出版碩士論文，國立體育學院，桃園縣。

林長安（2000）。不同運動量後抗氧化活性及訊息傳遞蛋白之表現。未出版碩士論文，中山醫學大學，台中市。

林益男（2004）。不同型態長期規律運動對中老年人血液生化值之影響。未出版碩士論文，國立新竹師範學院，新竹市。

林嘉志、姚承義（2006）。以激效作用觀點探討運動之抗老化機轉。運動生理暨體能學報，5，61-70。

林嘉志、姚承義、陸康豪（印刷中）。硫辛酸增補對運動的可能益處。中華體育。

林學宜、林俊宏、徐台閣（2004）。不同強度之耐力運動對血液中維生素C、E濃度的影響。體育學報，37，1-10。

姚承義、沈淑貞（2003）。硫辛酸增補對單次激烈運動與魚油引致氧化壓力的影響。第二屆華人運動生理與體適能學者學會會議， 87，澳門。

姚承義、梁衍明、馮柏菁、沈淑貞（2004）。硫辛酸與肌酸增補介入游泳訓練對血漿生化指標的影響。中華民國九十三年大專體育學術研討會體育學術研討會專刊， 338-352。

陳惠英、顏國欽（1998）。自由基、抗氧化防禦與人體健康。中華民國營養學會雜誌，23(1)，105-121。

黃榮松（2002）。阻力訓練與維生素E補充對男性血中抗氧化酶、丙二醛及肌酸激酶的影響。未出版博士論文，國立台灣師範大學，台北市。

廖家祺（2001）。中等強度有氧舞蹈訓練對女性身體組成、血液生化值及抗氧化能力之影響。未出版碩士論文，國立體育學院，臺北縣。

劉欣怡（2003）。探討甲型硫辛酸對B16-F1黑色素瘤細胞中pheomelanin 生合成之影響。未出版碩士論文，中山醫學大學，台中市。

鐘子雯、陳福財、劉芳珍（2000）。補充水果之維生素C與中高強度耐力訓練對運動員體內抗氧化狀況之影響。中華民國營養學會雜誌，25(2)，91-98。

Alessio, H. M., Hagerman, A. E., Fulkerson, B. K., Ambrose, J., Rice, R. E., & Wiley, R. L. (2000). Generation of reactive oxygen species after exhaustive aerobic and isometric exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(9), 1576-1581.

Arumugam, T. V., Gleichmann, M., Tang, S. C., & Mattson, M. P. (2006). Hormesis/preconditioning mechanisms, the nervous system and aging. Ageing Research Reviews, 5(2), 165-178.

Balog, T., Sobocanec, S., Sverko, V., Krolo, I., Rocic, B., Marotti, M., et al. (2006). The influence of season on oxidant-antioxidant status in trained and sedentary subjects. Life Science, 78(13), 1441-1447.

Berkson, M. D. (1998). The alpha lipoic acid breakthrough. California: Prima Publishing.

Biewenga, G., Haenen, G. R., & Bast, A. (1997). The role of lipoic acid in the treatment of diabetic polyneuropathy. Drug Metabolism Reviews, 29(4), 1025-1054.

Bjelakovic, G., Nikolova, D., Gluud, L. L., Simonetti, R. G., & Gluud, C. (2007). Mortality in randomized trials of antioxidant supplements for primary and secondary prevention: systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Medical Association, 297(8), 842-857.

Brites, F. D., Evelson, P. A., Christiansen, M. G., Nicol, M. F., Basilico, M. J., Wikinski, R. W., et al. (1999). Soccer players under regular training show oxidative stress but an improved plasma antioxidant status. Clinical Scencei (Lond), 96(4), 381-385.

Chinda, D., Nakaji, S., Umeda, T., Shimoyama, T., Kurakake, S., Okamura, N., et al. (2003). A competitive marathon race decreases neutrophil functions in athletes. Luminescence, 18(6), 324-329.

Fielding, R. A., & Meydani, M. (1997). Exercise, free radical generation, and aging. Aging, 9(1-2), 12-18.

Hagen, T. M., Ingersoll, R. T., Lykkesfeldt, J., Liu, J., Wehr, C. M., Vinarsky, V., et al. (1999). (R)-alpha-lipoic acid-supplemented old rats have improved mitochondrial function, decreased oxidative damage, and increased metabolic rate. The FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 13(2), 411-418.

Han, D., Tritschler, H. J., & Packer, L. (1995). Alpha-lipoic acid increases intracellular glutathione in a human T-lymphocyte Jurkat cell line. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 207(1), 258-264.

Harman, D. (2003). The free radical theory of aging. Antioxidants & Redox Signalling, 5(5), 557-561.

Ji, L. L. (1993). Antioxidant enzyme response to exercise and aging. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 25(2), 225-231.

Ji, L. L. (2002). Exercise-induced modulation of antioxidant defense. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 959, 82-92.
Khanna, S., Atalay, M., Laaksonen, D. E., Gul, M., Roy, S., & Sen, C. K. (1999). Alpha-lipoic acid supplementation: tissue glutathione homeostasis at rest and after exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology 86(4), 1191-1196.

Liu, J. F., Chang, W. Y., Chan, K. H., Tsai, W. Y., Lin, C. L., & Hsu, M. C. (2005). Blood lipid peroxides and muscle damage increased following intensive resistance training of female weightlifters. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1042, 255-261.

Lotito, S. B., & Fraga, C. G. (2000). Catechins delay lipid oxidation and alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene depletion following ascorbate depletion in human plasma. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 225(1), 32-38.

Marsh, S. A., Laursen, P. B., & Coombes, J. S. (2006). Effects of antioxidant supplementation and exercise training on erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research, 76(5), 324-331.

Miyazaki, H., Oh-ishi, S., Ookawara, T., Kizaki, T., Toshinai, K., Ha, S., et al. (2001). Strenuous endurance training in humans reduces oxidative stress following exhausting exercise. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 84(1-2), 1-6.

Moskovitz, J., Yim, M. B., & Chock, P. B. (2002). Free radicals and disease. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 397(2), 354-359.

Ookawara, T., Haga, S., Ha, S., Oh-Ishi, S., Toshinai, K., Kizaki, T., et al. (2003). Effects of endurance training on three superoxide dismutase isoenzymes in human plasma. Free Radical Research, 37(7), 713-719.

Ortenblad, N., Madsen, K., & Djurhuus, M. S. (1997). Antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation after short-term maximal exercise in trained and untrained humans. American Journal of Physiology, 272(4 Pt 2), R1258-1263.

Packer, L. (1998). Alpha-Lipoic acid: a metabolic antioxidant which regulates NF-kappa B signal transduction and protects against oxidative injury. Drug Metabolism Reviews 30(2), 245-275.

Packer, L., & Valacchi, G. (2002). Antioxidants and the response of skin to oxidative stress: vitamin E as a key indicator. Skin Pharmacology and Applied Skin Physiology, 15(5), 282-290.

Packer, L., Witt, E. H., & Tritschler, H. J. (1995). Alpha-Lipoic acid as a biological antioxidant. Free Radical Biology & Medicine 19(2), 227-250.

Palazzetti, S., Richard, M. J., Favier, A., & Margaritis, I. (2003). Overloaded training increases exercise-induced oxidative stress and damage. Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology, 28(4), 588-604.

Paolini, M., Valgimigli, L., Marchesi, E., Trespidi, S., & Pedulli, G. F. (2003). Taking EPR "snapshots" of the oxidative stress status in human blood. Free Radical Research, 37(5), 503-508.

Ravi Kiran, T., Subramanyam, M. V., & Asha Devi, S. (2004). Swim exercise training and adaptations in the antioxidant defense system of myocardium of old rats: relationship to swim intensity and duration. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B : Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 137(2), 187-196.

Schroder, H., Navarro, E., Tramullas, A., Mora, J., & Galiano, D. (2000). Nutrition antioxidant status and oxidative stress in professional basketball players: effects of a three compound antioxidative supplement. International Journal of Sports Medicine 21(2), 146-150.

Semin, I., Kayatekin, B. M., Gonenc, S., Acikgoz, O., Uysal, N., Delen, Y., et al. (2000). Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme levels of intestinal renal and muscle tissues after a 60 minutes exercise in trained mice. Indian Journal of Physiology Pharmacol, 44(4), 419-427.

Sen, C. K., & Packer, L. (2000). Thiol homeostasis and supplements in physical exercise. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 72(2 Suppl), 653S-669S.

Sjodin, B., Hellsten Westing, Y., & Apple, F. S. (1990). Biochemical mechanisms for oxygen free radical formation during exercise. Sports Medicine, 10(4), 236-254.

Suh, J. H., Shigeno, E. T., Morrow, J. D., Cox, B., Rocha, A. E., Frei, B., et al. (2001). Oxidative stress in the aging rat heart is reversed by dietary supplementation with (R)-(alpha)-lipoic acid. The FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 15(3), 700-706.

Tauler, P., Aguilo, A., Fuentespina, E., Tur, j. a., & Pons, A. (2002). Diet supplementation with vitamin E, vitamin C and beta-carotene cocktail enhances basal neutrophil antioxdant enzymes in athletes. European Journal of Physiology, 443, 791-797.

Thorne Research, I. (2006). Alpha-lipoic acid- Monograph. Alternative Medicine Review, 11(3), 232-237.

Urso, M. L., & Clarkson, P. M. (2003). Oxidative stress, exercise, and antioxidant supplementation. Toxicology, 189(1-2), 41-54.

Wollin, S. D., & Jones, P. J. (2003). Alpha-lipoic acid and cardiovascular disease. The Journal of Nutrition, 133(11), 3327-3330.

Young, I. S., & Woodside, J. V. (2001). Antioxidants in health and disease. Journal of Clinical Pathology 54(3), 176-186.

Ziegler, D., & Gries, F. A. (1997). Alpha-lipoic acid in the treatment of diabetic peripheral and cardiac autonomic neuropathy. Diabetes, 46 (Suppl 2), S62-66.