Author: |
林佳瑩 Lin, Chia-Ying |
---|---|
Thesis Title: |
空間活化再造台中老城區 Space Renewal of Conservation Area at Old Taichung Central District |
Advisor: |
鄧成連
Teng, Cheng-Lein |
Committee: |
莊育鯉
Chuang, Yu-Li 劉建成 Liu, Chien-Cheng |
Approval Date: | 2021/07/22 |
Degree: |
碩士 Master |
Department: |
設計學系設計創作碩士在職專班 Department of Design_Continuing Education Master's Program of Creative Practice in Design |
Thesis Publication Year: | 2021 |
Academic Year: | 109 |
Language: | 中文 |
Number of pages: | 177 |
Keywords (in Chinese): | 活化舊建築 、台中市中區 、老街保存 、活化手法 |
Keywords (in English): | Adaptive reuse, Historical building, Old town conservation area |
Research Methods: | 個案研究法 |
DOI URL: | http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202101157 |
Thesis Type: | Academic thesis/ dissertation |
Reference times: | Clicks: 183 Downloads: 0 |
Share: |
School Collection Retrieve National Library Collection Retrieve Error Report |
1924 年奧古斯 格里賽巴赫(August Grisebach)在《德國古典主義建築及藝術:一代
大師辛克爾的傳記(1781-1841)》中提及辛克爾的古典主義建築理念:「不是以思慕
懷舊為出發點,走在時代尖端的辛克爾一直抱持的期許,吸收新時代特有的觀念,使
作品呈現出豐碩的成果」。身處於哥德式狂熱年代的辛克爾,嘗試從歷史建築中萃取
出新的意義,走出一條世紀交替的獨特風格,為後代的新古典主義立下基礎。在老建築保存意識高漲的 2016 年,同時被迫見證著一個個台中市區老舊建築物拆除殞落,夷為平地。當台灣這塊土地仍用著暴力心態對待老舊建築物時,面積僅台灣五十七分之一的新加坡正積極地為70、80年代大量拆除老建築物的錯誤政策做出彌補,反思歷史資產對於觀光與文化傳承的重要性。本研究藉由探討歐洲「老城區」的概念來反思台灣,在歐洲的老城區裡面不可能是每一棟房子都是「歷史建築」、「古蹟」,但使用整體概念來規範「老城區」的建築設計與景觀設計讓老城區的樣貌有一定的時代感,堅持讓歷史紋理保留給後代,成為後代的資產。本創作希望以全台灣面積最小的市轄區:台中市中區為例,不同以往以「棟」或「街」為單位的研究,本研究以「城區」為單位,探討以舊城區為主體規劃的老城區特色保存新方法,也不同於以往大稻埕、剝皮寮等原封不動的保留方式,而是在那些不屬於「歷史建築」、「古蹟」但有年代的老房子上,採用新與舊融合的空間活化方式作為議題,讓新材料藉由轉譯置入空間於舊建築中,以一定的規則保存了老屋同時賦予新生命。透過對英、法活化法規與舊城區內建築活化案例,以「外觀」、「元素」、「機能」、「材料」,從其成功的模式分析,歸納出老屋可以執行的設計手法,建構出民間可執行的老屋活化的語言,創作出吸引觀著駐足閱讀、流連懷舊的空間,同時能促進城市歷史傳承,也不犧牲所有權人利益的老屋活化模式。讓老屋的保存方法增添一個具有參考價值的途徑。本研究案例分析的重要結論計有:(1)、臨街道的外觀維持並修復原貌;(2)、高度控制維持老城區天際線;(3)、內部結構加強重塑;(4)、新舊介面材質對話;(5)、採光引入;(6)、低調式增建;(7)、格局重塑。對於保留城市記憶的重要性,老建築物活化是一個很重要的一環,本創作反思提出:(1)、設計是一種視覺語言,利用每棟建築都有其背後的歷史軌跡與特殊背景,了解在保留與改建的思考上皆有其創意的衡量;(2)、樸質材料的視覺語言詮釋出老房子的原始美,引起對於過往記憶的共鳴;(3)、新舊交織過程涉及了感知、記憶、想像、材料美感等多種的因素,多運用元素組構幫舊建築加分;(4)、商業行為要互相連貫、互相加值,形成一定的群聚效應;(5)、利用規劃設計做更大規模的設計串聯,將周邊景點優勢加入。
German art historian, August Grisebach, published "Karl Friedrich Schinkel" in 1924. In his book, he commented the ideology of Schinkel’s New Classical architecture, instead of thinking about nostalgia, Schinkel, regarded as an pioneer in the field of architecture, had always held expectations, absorbs the unique concepts of the new era, and makes his works show fruitful results. In the age of Gothic fanaticism, Schinkel tried to extract new meanings from historical buildings, stepped out of a unique style, and laid the foundation for neoclassicism for future generations. While the awareness of historic preservation was soaring in 2016, we were still forced to witness the demolition of old buildings in Taichung city. It is sad that Taiwanese use a violent attitude towards old buildings and razed them to the ground. Singapore, which is only one-57th of Taiwan’s area, on the other hand, is
actively making up for the wrong policy of old buildings demolition during 70s and 80s. They know traditional buildings are their cultural heritage and resources in many ways. This paper dug into the concept of " Historic Preservation " for old towns in Europe. Through the study of law, regulations, and case study, finding out that not every house was assigned as "historical building" or "historical site" in old town conservation area, but together they achieve harmony in townscape, define city skylines and have a lasting impact on their perceived memory of a place. A comprehensive concept to standardize the architectural and landscape design for old town conservation area is the key point to the success. This paper analyzed design methods and design elements of buildings regenerated in old town area. By applying them on the smallest municipal district in Taiwan: central district of Taichung city, it was expected to be an inspiring example for building an old
town conservation area. When these two words of old and new come together, the result can be awe-inspiring. Unlike other studies that used "one building" or "one street" as a research unit, this study used the " area" as the unit and explored. Space renewal methods which create fusion of the new and the old is the main issue for this research. New materials be an interesting addition for old buildings both functionally and aesthetically speaking. As a result, people can use design methods analyzed in this research as a regenerating tool to preserve old buildings with specific rules and give new life to them. While old buildings have its own charm, it’s no doubt that when old and new joined in a thoughtful manner, the results can be dazzling. Through the analysis of recent renewal projects in London and Paris, their "appearance", "elements", "functions" and "materials" can be summarized as design methods which can be implemented in old houses for
regeneration, created spaces that attract people and linger on nostalgia. Besides, these renewal methods can promote the inheritance of urban history without sacrificing the interests of the owner. In conclusion, the results of case analysis include: (1) Maintaining and restoring the appearance of the old building; (2) Maintaining the skyline of the old city by height control; (3) Strengthening the internal structure; (4) Creating dialogue between the new and old materials; (5) The introduction of daylighting; (6) Low-profile additions; (7) Redefine the internal spaces with new functions. Reflecting on this paper, here are five insights gained from this research: (1) Each building has its own beauty, a good designer needs to distinguish from the parts should be changed and the parts should be preserved; (2) Modern materials can be relieved against the original decorations and structure of the old house and resonates with memories and historic significance; (3) The design process of interweaving old and new should involve urban aesthetics; (4) Commercial use and residential use need to work out in a site. Having a certain number of commercial units to form a cluster brings attraction; (5) Using comprehensive design as a tool to bring surrounding historic spots together can brought many benefits to a city.
毛麗華(2001)。台南古城空間發展的詮釋。未出版之碩士論文。國立高雄師範大學研究所,高雄。
文化部文化資產局(2007)。英國歷史資產保護與管理制度相關法規資料蒐集與案例分析。國家文化資產網。上網日期2017年8月2日, http://www.boch. gov.tw/information_189_49256.html
中國科技大學文化資產研究中心(2020)。國際古蹟遺址日專題-大共享時代下的文化資產創生:ICOMOS GA2020大會前瞻。文化復新事。http://www. transculture.asia/post/B1PhvuHOI
王維周(2016)。寶石與戒座-法國舊城區保存中的《保存區段》法令、制度與操作實務。台北市:柿子文化事業有限公司。
台中市文化資產處(2019)。歷史建築:中區第一任街長宅第(不含定著土地)。台中市文化資產處。https://www.tchac.taichung.gov.tw/historybuilding?uid= 34&pid=103
余肇中(2008)。資料摘要—新加坡的文物建築保護政策。香港特別行政區立法會秘書處資料研究及圖書館服務部報告,香港。
局建德(2006)。日治時期台中市公園綠地計畫發展與影響(未出版碩士論文)。國立中興大學園藝系研究所,台中市。
林宜君(2016)。文資處105彰化銀行繼光街宿舍修復及再利用成果報告書。文化局委託研究報告,台中市。
東海大學歷史系(1989)。台中發展史。台中市政府委託報告,台中市。
邱憶惠(1999)。個案研究法:質化取向。教育研究,7,頁113-127。高雄:國立高雄師範大學教育學系。
屈慧麗(1999)。致力維護保存之英格蘭文化資產組織。博物館學季刊,13(4),頁53-62。
胡述兆(1995)。圖書館學與資訊科學大辭典。台北市:漢美圖書有限公司。
陳朝興(2001)。臺灣推動閒置空間的實踐經驗與觀察。2001推動閒置空間再利用國際研討會會議實錄,頁1-4.1-1-4.7。南投市:行政院文化建設委員會。
約翰 羅斯金(John Ruskin)(2017)。建築的七盞明燈(古意譯)。台北市,五男出版社。(原作1849年出版)。
萊昂 克里爾(Léon Krier)(2011)。社會建築(胡凱、胡明譯)。北京,中國建築工業出版社。(原作2011年出版)
葉乃嘉(2013)。研究方法的第一本書:教育、人文與社會科學研究的入門書(三版)。台北市:五南圖書出版股份有限公司。
傅朝卿(日期不詳)。威尼斯憲章1964。文化資產局網站。http://twh.boch. gov.tw/taiwan/learn_detail.aspx?id=38
傅朝卿(2004)。國立成功大學建築研究所93學年度第1學期(2004秋)建築保存理論專題討論課程摘要。傅朝卿教授建築與文化資產資訊網。http://www.fu -chaoching.idv.tw/file/class /ppp006.pdf
傅朝卿(2010)。建築再利用設計的跨領域思維。跨領域設計與永續發展2010,頁215-230。中壢:中原大學設計學院。
傅朝卿(2013)。台灣建築的式樣脈絡。台北,五南圖書出版股份有限公司。
羅惠珍(2015)。巴黎不出售。台北市:城邦文化事業股份有限公司。
鄭欽方(2005)。清代至日治昭和中期(1684~1937)臺灣地方城市文脈變遷之研究(未出版碩士論文)。中原大學建築學系建築研究所,中壢市。
黎世輝(2013)。重現眷村生活記憶:歷史建築保存與文化 創意產業之活化。博物館簡訊,65期,29-32。
Atlanta Regional Commission(n.d.). Quality Growth Toolkit: Mixed-use Development. Atlanta Regional Commission. pg. 2. Retrieved May 3rd, 2021, from https://web.archive.org/web/20111128011547/http://www. atlantaregional.com/File%20Library/Local%20Gov%20Services/gs_cct_mixedusetool_1109.pdf
Berthelot, D(2013). L’AVAP décryptée. Cerema. Retrieved August 3rd, 2017, from http://outil2amenagement.cerema.fr/avap-aires-de-valorisation- de-l-architecture-et-du-r261.html
Bath Preservation Trust(n.d.). Making Change: Bath Preservation Trust guidance for the owners of listed buildings in Bath. Bath: Emtone.
Cambridge Model report(2018).York Visitor Survey 2018 and the Economic impact of Tourism in York in 2018. Retrieved August 15th, 2020, from https://www.visityork.org/dbimgs/York_economic_impact_headlines_2018.pdf
Congress on the European Architectural Heritage(1975). The Declaration of Amsterdam - 1975. International Council on Monuments and Sites. Retrieved August 15th, 2020, from https://www.icomos.org/en/resources/charters-and-
texts/179-articles-en-francais/ressources/charters-and-standards/169-the-declaration-of-amsterdam
Department for Business, Innovation and Skills, Department for Children, Schools and Families, Department for Communities and Local Government, The Crown Estate, The Department of Energy and Climate Change, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, English Heritage, Department of Health, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Defence, Natural England(2010). The Government’s Statement on the Historic Environment for England 2010. Department for Digital, Culture Media & Sport, London. Retrieved August 3rd, 2017, from https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-governments- statement-on-the-historic-environment-for-england
Eisenhardt, K. M (1989). Building Theories From Case Study Research. Academy of Management. The Academy of Management Review. 14, 4. ABI/INFORM Global. pg. 532-550.
English Heritage(2008). Conservation Principles, Policies and Guidance. English Heritage. Retrieved August 3rd, 2017, from https://historicengland.org.uk/images-
books/publications/conservation-principles-sustainable-management-historic-environment/
English Heritage(n.d.). Our history. English Heritage. Retrieved August 3rd, 2017, from http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/about-us/our-history/
Hornbake library(2013). William Morris Built the Foundation for Historic Preservation. Special collections and university archives. Retrieved August 3rd, 2017, from https://hornbakelibrary.wordpress.com/2013/05/08/william-morris- built-the-foundation-for-historic-preservation/
Hugo, V(1825). Litterature et Philosophie melees Victor Hugo. pg. 90-98, Retrieved August 3rd, 2017, from https:// issuu.com/jedi99/docs/victor-hugo---litterature-et-
philosophie-melees---
Hugo, V(1832). Litterature et Philosophie melees Victor Hugo. pg. 90-98, Retrieved August 3rd, 2017, from https:// issuu.com/jedi99/docs/victor-hugo---litterature-et-
philosophie-melees---
Jacobs, J(2019)。偉大城市的誕生與衰亡:美國都市街道生活的啟發(吳鄭重譯)。台北市:聯經出版公司。(原作1961年出版)。
Jackson, M. L(2006).The Principles of Preservation: The influences of Violet, Ruskin and Morris on Historic Preservation.(unpublished doctoral dissertation).Department of Arts, Southwestern Oklahoma State University Weatherford, OK, USA.
Kumar, R(2014)。研究方法:步驟化學習指南(二版更新版)(Research Methodology: A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners. 2/d)(潘中道、胡龍騰、蘇文賢合譯)。台北市:學富文化事業有限公司。
Kalas, G(2015). The Restoration of the Roman Forum in Late Antiquity: Transforming Public Space. USA:University of Texas Press.
Martin W. Bauer & George Gaskell(2013)。質性資料分析:文本、影像與聲音Qualitative Researching with Text, Image and Sound:A Practical Handbook. 1/d(羅世宏、蔡欣怡、薛丹琦合譯)。台北市:五南圖書出版股份有限公司(原作2008出版)。
Ministère de la Culture(n.d.). Les sites patrimoniaux remarquables. Ministère de la Culture. Retrieved August 3rd, 2017, from http://www.culturecommunication. gouv.fr/Thematiques/Monuments-historiques-Sites-patrimoniaux-remarquables/Presentation/Sites-patrimoniaux-remarquables
Morris, M (1889, July) Address at the Twelfth Annual Meeting-SPAB(1889). The Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings, London, UK. Retrieved August 3rd, 2017, from https://www.marxists.org/archive/morris/ works/1889/spab16.htm
Parliament UK(1947). Town and Country Planning Act, 1947. Parliament UK. Retrieved August 3rd, 2017, from https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1947/51 /enacted
Rossi, A(1992)。城市建築(施植明譯)。台北市,科技圖書。(原作1966年出版)。
Rengel, R. J(2016)。室內空間計畫學。(劉秉承譯)。台北市:麥浩斯出版。(原作2015年出版)。
South West Research Company Ltd(2018). The Economic Impact of North Somerset’s Visitor Economy 2017. pg. 4. North Somerset Council. Retrieved August 16rd, 2019, from https://www.n-somerset.gov.uk/sites/default/files/ 2020-02/economic%20%20impact%20of%20North%20Somersets%20visitor%20economy%202017.pdf
Thurley, S (2005). Into the Future Our strategy for 2005–2010.Conservation Bulletin:English Heritage-the First 21 years. Issue 49. pg. 26-27.UK: English Heritage.
UK government(1990). Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990. UK government. Retrieved August 3rd, 2017, from http://www.legislation
.gov.uk /ukpga/1990/9/section/69
UK government.(1967). Civic Amenities Act 1967(1967). Retrieved August 3rd, 2017, from http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1967/69
UK Parliament.(n.d.). Preserving historic sites and buildings. UK Parliament. Retrieved August 3rd, 2017, from http://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/
transformingsociety/towncountry/landscape/overview/historicsites/
Versaci, A(2016). The Evolution of Urban Heritage Concept in France, Between Conservation and Rehabilitation Programs. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 225, pg.3 -14. Retrieved August 3rd, 2017, from http://www.sciencedirect.com /search?qs=&authors=Antonella+Versaci&pub=& volume=&issue=&page=&origin=browse&zone=qSearch