分布於臺灣及日本的狹口蛙科共有四種：巴氏小雨蛙
、黑蒙西氏小雨蛙、史丹吉氏小雨蛙及小雨蛙。巴氏小雨
蛙僅分布於嘉義大埔；黑蒙西氏小雨蛙分布於臺灣的中部
以南及東部；史丹吉氏小雨蛙則分布於臺灣的嘉義大埔及
墾丁國家公園；只有小雨蛙的分布遠達日本，在臺灣是泛
島性分布，在日本則僅分布於琉球。
為探求此四種小雨蛙的生物地理及種間、種內的類緣
關係，選定臺灣八個地點：台北市、桃園龜山、南投縣蕙
蓀林場、嘉義縣嘉義農場、高雄市澄清湖、恆春半島的墾
丁森林遊樂區與社頂及台東縣知本溫泉等地，另有琉球群
島的兩個島：沖繩群島的久米島和八重山群島的西表島。
利電泳的方法測定 AAT、EST、GPI、IDH、LDH、MDH、PGM
、PGDH、SKDH、SOD 等十種同功異構.blasq.，共包含 22 個基
因座。
由臺灣與琉球共十個地點四種狹口蛙科的十種同功異
構.blasq.及 22 個基因座所得的基因相似度看來，種間差異以
史丹吉氏小雨蛙與其它三種間最大，類緣關係最遠，巴氏
小雨蛙、黑蒙西氏小雨蛙和小雨蛙的類緣關係則較近。種
內的類緣關係方面，黑蒙西氏小雨蛙在臺灣南部與東部有
較近的類緣關係，其次是嘉義農場，中部與其它地區的類
緣關係則最遠，且黑蒙西氏小雨蛙在臺灣的類緣關係與地
理分布較相關；而小雨蛙則以臺灣南部的類緣關係較近，
琉球群島與臺灣的類緣關係較遠，且小雨蛙在臺灣本島的
類緣關係與地理分布的相關性不大。
在生物地理方面，由於臺灣與日本、琉球分離已久，
臺灣又受造山運動的影響，造成地理隔理，使族群間的基
因分化極為明顯。且比較四種小雨蛙分布間的類緣關係，
發小雨蛙中有一個特殊的現象，位於琉球的久米島和西表
島的小雨蛙和臺灣的黑蒙西氏小雨蛙類緣較近，但這種現
象僅能說明琉球的小雨蛙和臺灣的黑蒙西氏小雨蛙的基因
分化有相同的傾向，需更多的採樣數、測試更多的酵素及
更多的生態與形態的分析，才可加以說明琉球與臺灣的狹
口蛙科間演化與生物地理的關係。

There are four species of Microhylidae in
Taiwan and Japan, which are M. bulteri, M. heymonsis
M. inornata, and M. ornata. M. bulteri merely lives
at Dapu village of Chiai county. M. heymonsis mainly
spreads over from cental Taiwan to southern and eastern
Taiwan. M. inornata disperses only at Dapu village of
Chiai county and Kenting National Park. M. ornata
spread s all over Taiwan and the northest distribution
even reaches Ryukyu Islands of Japan.
For exploring the biogeography and the phylogeny
of interepecies and intraspecies of these four species of
Microhylidae, researcher chose 10 spots as the research
sites where are Taipei city, Kweishan village of Touyuan
county, Hueisun Experimental Forest of Nantou county,
Chiai Form of Chiai county, Cheng-Ching Lake of Kaohsing
City, Kenting Forest Amusenment Park and Sheting of Hen-
chun peninsula, and Jyhbeen Hot Spring of Taitung county
in Taiwan and Kumejima Island of Okinawa Islands, Iriome-
tojima Island of Yaeyama Islands, Both are part of Ryukyu
Islands. By using electrophoresis to distinguish the posi-
tion of 10 Isozyme which are AAT, EST, PGI, IDH, LDH, MDH,
PGDH, PGM, SKDH, and SOD. And researcher found 22 loci.
From the genetic similarity of 10 spots of Taiwan
and Ryukyu, the largest interepecific difference is between
M. inornata and the other three species, meanwhile the phy-
logeny is also far away. The phylogeny among M. bulteri, M.
heymonsis, M. ornata is closer. The intraspecific phylogeny
of M. heysmeonsis is that the southern Taiwan and the eastern
Taiwan are closer, then they are closer to Chiai Form, and
the central Taiwan is far from the other spots. The phylo-
geny and the biogeographic distribution of M. heymonsis of
Taiwan are more relative. The intraspecific phylogeny of
M. ornata is that the spots of southern Taiwan are closer,
and Ryukyu Islands are far from Taiwan. The phylogeny and
the biogeographic distribution of M. ornata are less rela-
tive.
About the biogeography of four species of Microhy-
lidae of Taiean and Ryukyu, the geographic division caused
by the long segregation between Taiwn and Japan, and there
are much more mountains in Taiwan had an obvious effort on
the genetic divergence of populations. Comparing the phy-
logeny of four species of Microhylidae from different re-
gions, I found a special phenimenon of M. ornata: M. ornata
of Kumejima Islands and Iriometojima Islands are closer to
M. heymonsis of Taiwan. But this may only explain why their
trends toward genetic divergence are so similar. However,
I need more sampling, more isozyme determination and more
analysis of ecology and morphology before I have a more clear
concept of the relation between biogeography and evolution of
Microhylidae of Taiwan and Ryukyu.
There are four species of Microhylidae in