本研究目的旨在探討我國優秀女子足球選手，比賽中壓力來源及因應比賽壓力的方法、策略及成效。透過深入訪談法，記錄選手們平常訓練時、比賽前與比賽中的經歷與體驗而進行問題的探討。本研究以2010~2015年間，實際參與國際賽之我國優秀女子足球選手共計15位選手作為研究對象。研究所得資料經分析及歸類探討後發現：我國優秀女子足球選手平時訓練壓力來源主要是教練、自己的隊友及選手本身無法突破自己；比賽前的壓力來源主要有觀眾及社會的期待、教練及父母親的期待、對手強弱；比賽中的壓力來源主要有自己的 狀況不好、教練及父母親的期待、比數落後。而選手在面臨壓力時所採取的因應策略主要有自我對話、正面思考、專注在賽事、意象等因應策略。少部分選手都不太滿意教練在心理技能訓練的角色扮演。因此，提供有系統、有方法的心理技能訓練課程確實是訓練上不可或缺的成功關鍵。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the pressure sources during competition and the methods, strategies, effects in response to competition stress among elite female soccer players. Through depth interviews, the players’ usual training experience and competition experience were recorded and discussed. A total of 15 elite soccer players participating in the international competitions from 2010 to 2015 were recruited in this study. Data were analyzed and there were three findings. First, the main pressure sources of elite female soccer players during usual training were the expectations from the coaches, the inability to break their and partners’ own records. Second, the pressure sources before competition were that the expectations from the audience and the society, the expectations from the coaches and their parents, and the strength of their competitors. Third, the pressure sources during competition were their worst condition, the expectation from the coaches and their parents, and the scores behind their opposite. The main strategies to reduce pressure were self-talk, positive thinking, focusing on the court and imagery. Some of the players were not satisfied with the coach in the role of mental skills training. In hence, systematic, methodical mental skills training courses are the indispensable key to a successful soccer training program.

王文科編譯（2000）。質的教育研究法。台北：師大書苑。
吳蘇、林紀玲(2000)。運動員的心理問題與策略應用之回顧。臺灣體育，108期，頁65-72。
苗培榮(1996)。創造個人的高峰表現-就心理訓練的觀點。中華體育，9輯，頁89-95。
季力康(1996)。運動員的壓力管理。國民體育季刊，25卷4期，頁51-57。
胡幼慧(1997)。質性研究。台北市：巨流圖書公司。
馬啟偉、張力為(1996)。體育運動心理學。台北市：東華。
黃瑞琴 (1991)。質的教育研究方法。台北：心理出版社。
張光達(2000)。運動員的壓力管理之探討。大專體育，49期，頁173-180。
張宏亮(1996)。生物回饋放鬆法。中華體育，9輯，頁18-25。
張春秀(2001)。運動教育的研究法。載於周宏室主編：運動教育學，頁65-103。台北市：師大書苑。
莊豔惠(1999)。運動員過度訓練與身心倦怠之因素探討。國立臺灣體育學院，五期下冊，頁331-360。
馮麗花(2004)。優秀運動員壓力來源及因應策略之質性研究。（碩士論文，國立體育學院，2004）。全國碩博士論文網，092NCPE5419002。
劉玉華(1997)。壓力管理的理論與實務。訓育研究，36輯，頁18-25。
盧俊宏、廖主民、季力康(譯)(2008)。運動社會心理學。台北市：師大書苑。
蘇彙君(1998)。社會支持、自我效能與國中學生壓力因應歷程中認知評估及因應策略的相關研究。國立台灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文。
簡曜輝、季力康、卓俊伶、洪聰敏、黃英哲、黃崇儒、廖主民、盧俊宏(譯)（2002）。競技與健身運動心理學。台北市：台灣運動心理學會。(Weinberg, R.S., & Gould, D., 1995)

謝愛萍(2007)。高中籃球教練壓力來源與因應策略之探討。未出版
之碩士論文，桃園縣，國立體育大學教練研究所。
盧俊宏、廖主民、季力康(譯)(2008)。運動社會心理學。台北市：師大書苑。
盧俊宏、廖主民、季力康(譯)(2008)。運動社會心理學。台北市：師大書苑。
Bouffard, M., & Crocker, P. R. E. (1992). Coping by individuals with
physical disabilities with perceived challenge in physical activity. Are people consistent? Research Quarterly/or Exercise and Sport, 63, 410-417.
Bull.S., Shambrook,C.,James,W.,&Brooks,J.(2005). Toward an understanding of mental
toughness in elite English cricketers. Journal of Applied Sport
Psychology, 17,209-227
Crocker, P. R. E. (1989). Evaluating stress management training under
competition conditions. International Journal of Sport Psychogy, 20(3), 1989, 191-204.
Canon, W（. 1914）. The interrelations of emotions as suggested by recent physiological
researchers. American Journal of Psychology, 25, 256-282
Cohn, P. (1990).An exploratory studyon sources of stress and acute athlete burnout in youth golf.The Sport Psychology,4,95-106.
Dale, G.(2000). Distractions and coping strategies of elite decathletes during their most memorable performances. The Sport Phycholo-gist, 14, 17-41.
Davidson, R. J., & Schwartz, G. E. (1976). The psychology of relaxation and related states: A multi-process theory. In D. I. Mostofsky (Ed), Behavior control and modification of physiological activity. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Giacobbi, P., Foore, B., & Weinberg, R.(2004). Broken clubs and expletive: The sources of stress and coping response of skilled and moderately skilled golfers. Journal of Applied Sport Phycholo-gist,16, 166-182.
Gould, D., Eklund, R., & Jackson, S.（1992a）.Coping strategies used by more versus less successful Olympic wrestlers. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 64, 83-93.

Gould, D., Eklund, R., & Jackson, S.（1992b）.1988 U.S. Olympic wrest excellence: I. Mental preparation, precompetitive cogin-tion, and affect. The Sport Phychologist, 6, 158-182.
Gould, D., Jackson, S. A., & Finch, L. M. (1993). Sources of stress in national champion. figure skaters. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 15, 134-159.
Gould, D., Guinan, D., Greenleaf, C., Medbery, R., & Peterson, K.(1999). Factors affecting Olympic Performance. Perceptions of athletes and coaches from more and less successful teams. The Sport Phychologist,13, 371-394.
Greenleaf, C., Gould, D., & Dieffenbach, K.(2001). Factors influenc-ing Olympic performance: Interviews with Atlanta and Nagano U.S. Olympic. Journal of Applies Sport Psychology, 13, 154-184.
Gould, D.,Medbery, R., Damarjian, N., & Lauer, L. (1998).A sur-vey assessment of mental skills training knowledge, opinions, and practices of a national sample of junior tennis coaches. Manu-script submitted for publication.Selye, H.（1956）. The stress of life. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Hanin, Y. L. (1980). A study of anxiety in sport . In W. F. Straub(Ed.), Sport Psychogy: An analysis of athlete behavior 236-249. Ithaca, NY: Mouvenment.
Hardy, L., Jones, G., & Gould, D. (1996). Understanding Psychological Preparation for Sport: Theory and Practice of Elite Performers. Wiley, Chichester.
Hull, C. (1943). Principles of Behavior. The Century Psychology. Series. New York.
Hemery, D.(1986). Sporting excellence: A study of sport’s highest achievers. Champaign, IL: Human Kietics.
Jones, G., & Hardy, L.(1990). Stress in sport: Experiences of some elite performers. In G. Jones & L. Hardy(Eds.), Stree and per-formance in sport (pp. 247-277).Chichester, Wiley.

Kerr, J. H. (1997). Motivation and emotion in sport: Reversal theory. East Sussex., United Kingdom: Psychology Press Ltd.
Kerr, G., & Leith, L. (1993). Stress management and athletic performance. Sport Psychologist, 7(3), 1993, 221-231
Lazarus, R.（2000）How emotions influence performance in compete-tive sport.The Sport Phychologist, 4, 229-252.
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress,appraisl, and coping. New York : Springer.
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1985). It it changes it must be a process : Study of emotion and coping during three stages of a college examination. Journal of Personality and Social Phychology,48(1), 150-170.
McGrath, J. E. (1970). Major methodological issues. In J. E. McGrath (ED). Social and psychological factors in stress(pp.19-49). New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.
McKay, J., Selig, Carlson, J. & Morris, T. (1997). Phychophysiological stress in elite golfers during practice and competition. Australian Journal of Scinece and Medicine in Sport, 29(2), 1997, 55-61.
Murphy, S. M ., & Woolfork, R. L. (1987.) The effects of cognitive interventions on competitive anxiety and performance on a fine motor skill acsk. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 18(2), 1987, 152-166.
Nicholas, L. H. & John, M. H. (2002). Perceptions of stress and Coping During Preparations for the 1999 Women’s soccer World Cup Finals. The Sport Psychology, 16, 251-271.
Orlick,T. (1986). Psyching for sport: Mental training for athletes. Champaign, IL: Human.
Orlick,T., & Partington, J. (1988). Mental links to excellence. The Sport Phychologist, 2, 105-130.
Scanlan, T. K., Ravizza, K., & Stein, G. L. (1991). An in-depth study of former elite figure skaters: III. Sources of stress. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 13(2), 103-120.
Spence, J. T., & Spence, K. W. (1996). The motiveational components of manifest anxiety: Drive and drive stimuli. In C. D. Spielberger (ED.) Anxiety and behavior 3-22. New York: Academic Press.
Scanlan, T. K., Ravizza, K., & Stein, G. L. (1991). An in-depth study of former elite figure skaters: III. Sources of stress. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 13(2), 103-120.
Yerkes, R. M. & Dodson , J. D. (1908). The relation of strength of stimulus to rapidity of habit-formation. Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology, 18, 459-482.