簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 黎珊婻
Savannah Elizabeth Lee
論文名稱: An Examination of the Work Experiences of Employees with Intellectual and Developmental Disability
An Examination of the Work Experiences of Employees with Intellectual and Developmental Disability
指導教授: 葉俶禎
Yeh, Chu-Chen Rosa
口試委員: 葉俶禎
Yeh, Chu-Chen Rosa
張媁雯
Chang, Wei-Wen
黃美慈
Huang, Mei-Tzu
口試日期: 2021/06/17
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 國際人力資源發展研究所
Graduate Institute of International Human Resource Developmemt
論文出版年: 2021
畢業學年度: 109
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 72
英文關鍵詞: intellectual and developmental disability, work adjustment, supervisor-employee relationships, performance management
研究方法: 參與觀察法生活史訪談調查研究紮根理論法
DOI URL: http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202101442
論文種類: 代替論文:專業實務報告(專業實務類)
相關次數: 點閱:124下載:6
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • Finding meaningful employment remains a large challenge for adults with an intellectual and developmental disability (I/DD). While not all adults with I/DD are interested in working, understanding the satisfaction of those who are is crucial to ensure that workplaces interested in diversity function properly. This study focuses on gaps associated with the theory of work adjustment by commenting on supervisor-employee relationships and job satisfaction. 10 Adults with I/DD and their supervisors were interviewed for 45-90 minutes regarding their experiences related to job satisfaction and work adjustment. Interviews were transcribed and coded to understand employer intentions behind the employment, interactions between the pair, and performance management strategies that both found effective. Employers reported both altruistic and practical intentions behind their hiring decisions. With regards to interactions, all participants reported the importance of patience, bluntness, and transparency. Effective performance management strategies in place were job aids such as checklists, increased mentorship, and job modifications. Finally, this study recommends next steps for prospective future employers interested in hiring employees with I/DD.

    ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................. I TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................III LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................V LIST OF FIGURES...............................................................................................VII CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION .............................................................................1 Problem Statement .............................................................................................. 3 Purpose of the Study ................................................................................................ 5 Research Questions ...................................................................................................... 5 Significance of the Study ............................................................................................ 6 Definition of Key Terms ........................................................................................... 6 CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................9 Systems and Laws that Affect Employment Outcomes............................................. 9 Theory of Work Adjustment ....................................................................... 12 Workplace Challenges Associated with Intellectual and Developmental Disability............. 14 Job Satisfaction for Employees with Intellectual and Developmental Disability .................... 17 The Importance of Supervisor-Employee Relationships ......................................................... 18 Challenges and Benefits Associated with Employing Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disability................................................................ 19 CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY ........................................................................23 Conceptual Framework ............................................................................... 23 Research Design........................................................................................ 24 Research Procedure............................................................................... 25 Research Participants ............................................................................... 26 Instruments..................................................................................................... 28 Data Collection................................................................................... 31 Data Analysis ............................................................................ 32 Research Quality ..................................................................................... 33 CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION..................................................35 Motivations to Hire Employees with Intellectual and Developmental Disability ................... 36 Nature of Supervisor-Employee Interactions.......................................................... 40 Performance Management Strategies........................................................................ 46 Discussion............................................................................................................. 49 CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.........................53 Conclusions ............................................................................................ 53 Implications............................................................................................ 54 Recommendations for Prospective Employers .................................................. 55 Limitations ............................................................................................. 58 Future Research Suggestions ....................................................................... 59 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................61 APPENDIX A: CONSENT FORMS ......................................................................67

    ADA National Network. (n.d.). What is the Americans with disabilities act (ADA)? Retrieved December 3, 2020, from https://adata.org/learn-about-ada

    Adams, C. (2020). Neurodiversity at work benefits everyone – why companies are hiring autistic people. https://drcaroladams.net/neurodiversity-at-work-benefits-everyone-why-companies-are-hiring-autistic-people/

    Akkerman, A., Janssen, C., Kef, S., & Meininger, H. (2016). Job satisfaction of people with intellectual disabilities in integrated and sheltered employment: An exploration of the literature. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 13(3), 205–216. https://doi.org/10.1111/jppi.12168

    Alliance for Full Participation. (2013) Real jobs- its everyone’s business https://www.aucd.org//template/news.cfm?news_id=7681&id=17

    American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (2017). Employment. Retrieved January 18, 2021, from https://www.aaidd.org/news-policy/policy/position-statements/employment

    American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Association. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596

    Association of People Supporting Employment First (2019). Employment first. https://apse.org/employment-first/

    Autistic Self Advocacy Network (2018) Real work for real pay: a self-advocate’s guide to employment policy. Retrieved January 18, 2021, from https://autisticadvocacy.org/policy/toolkits/employment/

    Baldridge, D. C., & Swift, M. L. (2016). Age and assessments of disability accommodation request normative appropriateness. Human Resource Management, 55(3), 385–400. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21679

    Barlow, M. (2018, July 2). Improving executive function. The Oracle, Organization for Autism Research. https://researchautism.org/improving-executive-function/

    Blau, G. (1993). Work adjustment theory: a critique and suggestions for future research and application. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 43(1), 105–112. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1993.1036

    Bonaccio, S., Connelly, C. E., Gellatly, I. R., Jetha, A., & Martin Ginis, K. A. (2020). The participation of people with disabilities in the workplace across the employment cycle: Employer concerns and research evidence. Journal of Business and Psychology, 35(2), 135–158. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-018-9602-5

    Brooke, V. A., Revell, G., & Wehman, P. (2009). Quality indicators for competitive employment outcomes: What special education teachers need to know in transition planning. Teaching Exceptional Children, 41(4), 58-66. https://doi.org/10.1177/004005990904100406

    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019, October 25). Facts about intellectual disability. https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/developmentaldisabilities/facts-about-intellectual-disability.html

    Chevallier, C., Kohls, G., Troiani, V., Brodkin, E. S., & Schultz, R. T. (2012). The social motivation theory of autism. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16(4), 231–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2012.02.007

    Chiocchio, F., & Frigon, J.-Y. (2006). Tenure, satisfaction, and work environment flexibility of people with mental retardation. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 68(1), 175–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2004.11.004

    Conte, L. E. (1983). Vocational development theories and the disabled person: Oversight or deliberate omission? Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 26(5), 316–328.

    Conte, L., Murphy, S. T., & Nisbet, J. (1989). A qualitative study of work stations in industry: Employer, professional and service recipient views. The Journal of Rehabilitation, 55(2), 53.

    Dague, B. (2012). Sheltered employment, sheltered lives: Family perspectives of conversion to community-based employment. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 37(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3233/JVR-2012-0595

    Dawis, R. V. (1964). A theory of work adjustment. Minnesota Studies in Vocational Rehabilitation. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press

    Dawis, R. V., & Lofquist, L. H. (1984). A psychological theory of work adjustment. University of Minnesota Press.

    Dixon-Fyle, S., Dolan, K., & Prince, S. (2020). Diversity wins: How inclusion matters. McKinsey & Company. Retrieved December 15, 2020, from https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/diversity-and-inclusion/diversity-wins-how-inclusion-matters

    Dowler, D., & Walls, R. T. (2014). A review of supported employment services for people with disabilities: Competitive employment, earnings, and service costs. Journal of Rehabilitation, 80(1), 11–21.

    Dudley, C., Nicholas, D. B., & Zwicker, J. (2015). What do we know about improving employment outcomes for individuals with autism spectrum disorder? SPP Research Paper, 8(32). https://doi.org/10.11575/sppp.v8i0.42538

    Dunn, E. C., Wewiorski, N. J., & Rogers, E. S. (2008). The meaning and importance of employment to people in recovery from serious mental illness: Results of a qualitative study. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 32(1), 59-62. https://doi.org/10.2975/32.1.2008.59.62

    Eggerth, D. E. (2008). From theory of work adjustment to person–environment correspondence counseling: Vocational psychology as positive psychology. Journal of Career Assessment, 16(1), 60-74. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072707305771

    Ellenkamp, J. J. H., Brouwers, E. P. M., Embregts, P. J. C. M., Joosen, M. C. W., & van Weeghel, J. (2016). Work environment-related factors in obtaining and maintaining work in a competitive employment setting for employees with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 26(1), 56–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10926-015-9586-1

    Fesko, S., & Butterworth, J. (2001). Conversion to integrated employment: Case studies of organizational change. Institute for Community Inclusion. Retrieved January 18, 2021, from https://www.communityinclusion.org/article.php?article_id=112

    Fraser, R. T., Johnson, K., Hebert, J., Ajzen, I., Copeland, J., Brown, P., & Chan, F. (2010). Understanding employers’ hiring intentions in relation to qualified workers with disabilities: Preliminary findings. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 20(4), 420–426. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10926-009-9220-1

    Gilotty, L., Kenworthy, L., Sirian, L., Black, D. O., & Wagner, A. E. (2002). Adaptive skills and executive function in autism spectrum disorders. Child Neuropsychology, 8(4), 241–248. https://doi.org/10.1076/chin.8.4.241.13504

    Graen, G. B., & Uhl-Bien, M. (1995). Relationship-based approach to leadership: Development of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory of leadership over 25 years: Applying a multi-level multi-domain perspective. The Leadership Quarterly, 6(2), 219–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/1048-9843(95)90036-5

    Greenberg, A., & Levinsky-Raskin, S. (2017). Supporting transitions: cultural connections for adults with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Museum Education, 42(4), 332–344. https://doi.org/10.1080/10598650.2017.1376268

    Habeck, R., Hunt, A., Rachel, C. H., Kregel, J., & Chan, F. (2010). Employee retention and integrated disability management practices as demand side factors. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 20(4), 443–455. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10926-009-9225-9

    Hernandez, K. (2020, March 3). People with disabilities are still struggling to find employment—Here are the obstacles they face. CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/02/unemployment-rate-among-people-with-disabilities-is-still-high.html

    Hollomotz, A. (2018). Successful interviews with people with intellectual disability. Qualitative Research, 18(2), 153–170. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794117713810

    Job Accommodation Network. (2020). Workplace accommodations: Low cost, high impact. Office of Disability Employment Policy, U. S. Department of Labor. Retrieved June 22, 2021, from https://askjan.org/publications/Topic-Downloads.cfm?pubid=962628

    Jurado-Caraballo, M. Á., Quintana-García, C., & Rodríguez-Fernández, M. (2020). Trends and opportunities in research on disability and work: An interdisciplinary perspective. Business Research Quarterly. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/2340944420972715

    Kaye, H. S., Jans, L. H., & Jones, E. C. (2011). Why don’t employers hire and retain workers with disabilities? Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 21, 526–536. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10926-011-9302-8

    Kenny, L., Cribb, S. J., & Pellicano, E. (2019). Childhood executive function predicts later autistic features and adaptive behavior in young autistic people: A 12-year prospective study. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 47, 1089-1099 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10802-018-0493-8

    Krzeminska, A., Austin, R. D., Bruyère, S. M., & Hedley, D. (2019). The advantages and challenges of neurodiversity employment in organizations. Journal of Management & Organization, 25(4), 453–463. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2019.58

    Kulkarni, M., & Gopakumar, K. V. (2014). Career Management Strategies of People With Disabilities. Human Resource Management, 53(3), 445–466. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21570

    Lai, M.-C., Lombardo, M. V., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2014). Autism. The Lancet, 383(9920), 896–910. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61539-1

    Lee, S. & Yeh, C. R. (2021, May 7). Training accommodations for employees with intellectual disabilities: A qualitative study in the United States. [Paper presentation]. International Conference on Business Administration, Taipei, Taiwan.

    Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. SAGE.

    Locke, E. A. (1976). The nature and causes of job satisfaction. In M. D. Dunnette (Ed.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (pp. 1297-1343). Chicago: Rand McNally.

    Lyubykh, Z., Ansari, M. A., Williams-Whitt, K., & Kristman, V. L. (2020). Disability severity, leader–member exchange, and attitudinal outcomes: Considering the employee and supervisor perspectives. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 30(4), 613-623. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10926-020-09884-0

    McGlinchey, E., McCallion, P., Burke, E., Carroll, R., & McCarron, M. (2013). Exploring the issue of employment for adults with an intellectual disability in Ireland. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 26(4), 335–343. https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.12046

    Melchiori, L. G., & Church, A. T. (1997). Vocational needs and satisfaction of supported employees: The applicability of the theory of work adjustment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 50(3), 401–417. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1996.1543

    Mills, A., Durepos, G., & Wiebe, E. (2010). Credibility. Encyclopedia of Case Study Research. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412957397.n91

    Moseley, C. R. (1988). Job Satisfaction Research: Implications for supported employment. Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 13(3), 211–219. https://doi.org/10.1177/154079698801300312

    National Disability Rights Network (2011) Employment—real jobs for fair pay—advocates. Retrieved January 18, 2021, from https://www.ndrn.org/issues/employment/

    Newsome Jr, M., & Pillari, V. (1992). Job satisfaction and the worker-supervisor relationship. The Clinical Supervisor, 9(2), 119-129. https://doi.org/10.1300/J001V09N02_11

    Reiter, S., Bryen, D. N., Hakim, S., Molcho, M., Newman, E., Taler, Y., & Shouval, L. (1985). The vocational rehabilitation systems in Isreal and in the United States. Special Education and Rehabilitation / חינוך מיוחד ושיקום, 1(1), 64–154.

    Ren, L. R., Paetzold, R. L., & Colella, A. (2008). A meta-analysis of experimental studies on the effects of disability on human resource judgments. Human Resource Management Review, 18(3), 191–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2008.07.001

    Rosen, S. M. (1970). Manpower issues for the city. Urban Affairs Quarterly, 6(1), 22–32. https://doi.org/10.1177/107808747000600104

    Schuetze, M., Rohr, C. S., Dewey, D., McCrimmon, A., & Bray, S. (2017). Reinforcement learning in autism spectrum disorder. Frontiers in Psychology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02035

    Schur, L., Blanck, P., Nishii, L., Adya, M., Kruse, D., & Bruyère, S. M. (2014). Accommodating employees with and without disabilities. Human Resource Management, 53(4), 593–621. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21607

    Self-Advocates Becoming Empowered. (2009). Position on employment https://www.sabeusa.org/meet-sabe/policy-statements/sabe-policy-statement-on-employment/

    Social Security Administration (2020). Social security and SSI for people with I/DD and their families. Retrieved January 18, 2021, from https://thearc.org/wp-content/uploads/forchapters/NPM-SocialSecurity_SSI_4.pdf

    Siperstein, G. N., Parker, R. C., & Drascher, M. (2013). National snapshot of adults with intellectual disabilities in the labor force. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 39(3), 157–165. https://doi.org/10.3233/JVR-130658

    Subramaniam, M., Abdin, E., Picco, L., Pang, S., Shafie, S., Vaingankar, J. A., Kwok, K. W., Verma, K., & Chong, S. A. (2017). Stigma towards people with mental disorders and its components—A perspective from multi-ethnic Singapore. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 26(4), 371–382. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796016000159

    Stringer, L. (2006). The link between the quality of the supervisor–employee relationship and the level of the employee’s job satisfaction. Public Organization Review, 6(2), 125–142.

    The Arc. (2015) Employment position statement. Retrieved July 5, 2021, from https://thearc.org/position-statements/employment/

    Treharne, G., & Riggs, D. (2015). Qualitative research in clinical and health psychology. Ensuring Quality in Qualitative Research (pp. 57–73).

    Trochim, W. M. K. (n.d.). Qualitative validity. https://conjointly.com/kb/qualitative-validity/

    United Nations (2015). Global status report on disability and development. Retrieved March 20, 2021, from https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/documents/disability/2016/GlobalStatusReportonDisabilityandDevelopment.pdf

    United States Department of Health and Human Services (2020). Poverty guidelines | ASPE. https://aspe.hhs.gov/poverty-guidelines

    United States Department of Labor (n.d.) US minimum wage | U.S. department of labor. Retrieved January 18, 2021, from https://www.dol.gov/general/topic/wages/minimumwage

    Uppal, S. (2005). Disability, workplace characteristics and job satisfaction. International Journal of Manpower, 26(4), 336–349. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437720510609537

    World Health Organization. (2011). World report on disability. https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/9789241564182

    下載圖示
    QR CODE