過去研究證實背向行走對於下肢肌肉的訓練及復健有顯著的功效，但卻未對老年人在背向行走下肢肌肉的作用方式進行研究 (Cipriani, 1995；Grasso, 1998；Van Deursen, 1998)，本研究以9位老年人為實驗組（平均年齡72.78±3.36歲），9位年輕人為對照組（平均年齡21.1±1.6歲）進行前進行走與背向行走之生物力學分析，受試者在兩種步行方式各進行3次測試，擷取每次測試當中一個完整的步態週期（Gait cycle），將此一步態週期資料經由KWON3D 3.01影像分析軟體及Dazy Lab 6.0肌電圖分析軟體進行處理，而得到步態參數及肌電圖資料，以統計軟體SPSS10.0軟體進行混和設計二因子變異數分析，統計顯著水準定為α=.05；本研究主要研究目的在比較老年人與年輕人在背向行走與前進行走之間的步態參數差異以及下肢肌電訊號差異。
本研究主要結論如下：
1.老年人背向行走之步行速度與跨步長皆較年輕人背向行走小。
2.背向行走的步行速度、跨步長、步頻與前進行走相較皆較小，且步態週期時間也小於前進行走。
3.老年人背向行走的雙支撐期占步態週期百分比大於前進行走，表示老年人背向行走可增加下肢肌肉的穩定性。
4.脛骨前肌在老年人背向行走支撐期的作用順序較優先，顯示背向行走與前進行走徵召肌肉作用順序不同，對脛骨前肌的肌力有所幫助
5.股直肌在背向行走支撐期，其平均肌電振幅較前進行走增加，顯示股直肌在背向行走得到更多的激發及訓練，股直肌主要作用在穩定膝關節，背向行走能訓練股直肌力量，提供膝關節更佳的穩定性，建議老年人及受傷欲進行復健者可進行背向行走訓練，以增強股直肌的肌肉力量。

關鍵詞：背向行走、運動生物力學、肌電圖

Previous studies used to improve that backward walking was helpful to the lower limbs training (Cipriani, 1995；Grasso, 1998；Van Deursen, 1998). However, the function of backward walking in the elderly was not as clear as adults’. The purpose of this study was to investigate (1) the differences between ages (elderly and young) and directions (forward and backward) in gait parameters (2) the differences between ages and directions in electromyograpic (EMG) parameters.
The subjects participated in this study were divided into two groups (elderly and young). There are nine male subjects in elderly group with age 72.78 ± 3.36 years, height 163.54 ± 4.78 cm and weight 66.4 ± 8.07 kg, and nine male subjects in young group with age 21.1 ± 1.6 years, height 173.04 ± 4.9 cm and weight 69.91 ± 8.06 kg. Each subject performs six walks (including three forward walks and three backward walks in the most suitable speed) in about six meters. A Redlake high-speed camera (60Hz) was used to 2D cinematograph analysis at sagittal plane, and the Biovision EMG system (1200Hz) was used to collect kinetic data from four lower limb muscles (rectus femoris, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius ). Cinematograph data was processed with KWON3D 3.01 motion analysis system and EMG data was processed with DASY LAB 6.0 system. The selected variables were tested by 2-way ANOVA mixed design. Statistical significance was set at α=.05.
According to the results analyzed, we concluded that:
(1) The walking velocity and stride length of the elderly in backward walking were significantly decreased than forward walking.
(2) The walking velocity, stride length, cadence and gait cycle of all subjects in backward walking were all significantly decreased than forward walking.
(3) In the elderly, the double support phase percentage of gait cycle in backward walking was significantly decreased than forward walking.
(4) Tibialis anterior’s acting order in support phase of backward walking was early than forward walking.
(5) In the elderly, greater EMG activities are observed on rectus femoris in backward walking.

Key words: Biomechanics, Backward Walking, EMG

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