摘 要
本研究以生態心理學對環境中訊息的兩種特性為基礎，探討具不同體操經驗者對偵測選手行走、體操運動及對矢、額狀面動作之恆定及賦使能力是否有所不同。實驗參加者分成三組共188人，以觀影片動作方式識別動作者性別。結果顯示，三組實驗參與者對不同動作額狀面動作識別得分與一致性均高於矢狀面，後手翻識別高於前手翻，體操教練高於體育科系、體育科系高於一般科系。
本研究以動態光點呈現之個體發生動作(Ontogenetic movement)，可提供足夠訊息，辨識特定協調型態，支持環境中訊息衡定性的主張；而不同專長運動經驗對辨別動作者性別能力的不同，則反應環境中訊息賦使的特性。環境中的各種衡定訊息有待需要者主動偵測，而知覺能力受個體經驗影響，特殊環境經驗為環境賦使能力不同之主要因素。

ABSTRACT

Based on the invariant property and two characteristics of ecological psychology in terms of environmental information, this study investigated whether people with different gymnastics experience differ in their affordance to detect the gender from gaits, gymnastic movements in the sagittal and frontal planes. A total of 188 participants who took part in the experiment were divided into three groups. They watched filmed movements and were asked to identify the gender of the gymnast in action. The results showed all three groups of participants scored higher and more consistently in identifying various movements in the frontal plane than in the sagittal plane. They also scored higher in identifying back handsprings than front handsprings. Gymnastics coaches scored higher than students majoring in physical education. Students majoring in physical education scored higher than students of other majors.
The ontogenetic movement presented by moving point light display in this study provides sufficient information for identifying certain coordination patterns. This supports the position of invariants in the environment. The effects of different specialties and sports experiences on the abilities to identify the gender of the person with biological motion reflect the characteristics of affordance. All kinds of invariants in the environment remain to be actively detected by people with needs. percept ion is subject to the individual’s experience. Particular environmental experiences are primary factors for the differences in affordance.

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