簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 高子晴
Kao, Tzu-Ching
論文名稱: 現代漢語詞類界定
Definitional Tests for Parts of Speech in Chinese
指導教授: 鄧守信
Teng, Shou-Hsin
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 華語文教學系
Department of Chinese as a Second Language
論文出版年: 2010
畢業學年度: 98
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 151
中文關鍵詞: 詞類系統詞類界定
英文關鍵詞: parts of speech system, definitional tests for parts of speech
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:242下載:40
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 檢視現行普遍使用的對外漢語教科書,多沿用英語的詞類系統標誌生詞表中之詞類,而無法反映語言類型學上完全不同的漢語句法。莫衷一是的詞類系統,對學生在語言的自由生成上極易產生不良的影響。因此,本文的首要目標,便是重新審視既有的詞類系統,從理論與教學的角度觀察並挑選出能合理反映漢語詞類的架構。
    確定了適切的漢語詞類框架後,如何判定某詞屬於某詞類是本文的焦點所在。儘管過去語法學界對於詞類的定義架構有了許多的探討,然而我們不滿足於單純從表面現象的描寫,更著重於深度探討有效成為詞類鑑定結構之理據。本文依照Teng(to appear)的八大詞類框架為軸心,以語義、句法、語用等層面剖析鑑識詞類之結構關係。第四章和第五章分別就動詞、名詞與介詞、連詞、副詞等從過去的界定框架中,剔除無法排除其他詞類的界定結構並找尋及建立穩固而合適之句法槽。
    句法結構的建立得以協助華語教師編輯教材時對於詞類的判定有所依據,以解決過往憑藉語感或意義而無法將詞類歸屬到位的現象。希冀本文的詞類界定框架得以對於提升教學品質、增加學習成效與降低學習偏誤等方方面面有所助益。

    Most TCSL textbooks currently published use the English part of speech system to classify words in Chinese, but since Chinese syntax is completely different from that of English these classifications are typically inadequate. Moreover, this practice causes confusion for learners of Chinese. The purpose of this study is to reevaluate the current system for analyzing Chinese part of speech from theoretical and pedagogical perspectives, and describe a system more appropriate for Chinese.
    Next, the author determines what words belong to which word classes. Although linguists have been discussing how to determine part of speech for many years, the author feels that rather than simply describing words it is necessary to discuss the reasoning behind a classification system. This paper uses Teng's (to appear) system of eight major parts of speech as its theoretical basis, and uses semantic, syntactic and pragmatic viewpoints to analyze the structural relationships of definitional tests or parts of speech. The fourth and fifth chapters use classifications from the previous system (nouns and verbs in the fourth chapter; prepositions, conjunctions and adverbs in the fifth) to create an unassailable classification system, and discover and establish stable and appropriate syntactic descriptions.
    The establishment of syntactic structures can provide evidence for classifying words' parts of speech Chinese teachers during the process of writing textbooks, thereby solving the problems created by over dependence on words' meaning and authors' subjective opinion. The author hopes this paper's framework for evaluating parts of speech will improve the quality and efficiency of teaching, and lessen the occurrence of errors.

    摘要 i Abstract iii 目錄 v 表格目錄 vii 圖表目錄 viii 第1章 緒論 1 1.1 研究動機與目的 1 1.2 研究範圍與架構 2 第2章 文獻探討 3 2.1 詞類之共性與特性 3 2.2 詞類劃分與詞類界定 7 2.2.1 詞類劃分 7 2.2.2 詞類界定 15 2.3 小結 20 第3章 現代漢語之詞類系統 21 3.1 現行的詞類系統 21 3.1.1 量詞 23 3.1.2 數詞 26 3.1.3 代名詞 27 3.1.4 形容詞 28 3.1.5 嘆詞 32 3.1.6 語氣詞 32 3.1.7 繫詞 33 3.1.8 限定詞 33 3.1.9 時間詞、地方詞、方位詞 39 3.1.10 擬聲詞 41 3.1.11 區別詞 42 3.1.12 數量詞 44 3.1.13 狀態詞 44 3.2 教學上理想的詞類系統 44 3.2.1 詞類與教學語法 45 3.2.2 教學語法的幾項原則 47 3.3 小結 49 第4章 動詞與名詞 51 4.1 動詞界定 51 4.1.1 動詞性界定框架 52 4.1.2 動詞三分界定框架 60 4.2 名詞界定 76 4.2.1 傳統名詞界定框架 76 4.2.2 名詞界定框架 82 4.3 小結 94 第5章 介詞、連詞與副詞 95 5.1 介詞、連詞與副詞之劃類標準 95 5.1.1 傳統劃分介連副之依據 96 5.1.2 本文劃分介詞、連詞與副詞之依據 100 5.2 介詞、連詞與副詞界定 110 5.2.1 介詞界定框架 110 5.2.2 連詞界定框架 118 5.2.3 副詞界定框架 127 5.3 小結 131 第6章 結論 133 6.1 研究總結 133 6.2 研究限制與展望 134 參考文獻 135

    Abney, Steven P. (1987). The English Noun Phrase in Its Sentential Aspect. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge.
    Ahrens, Kathleen (1994). Classifier Production in Normals and Aphasics. Journal of Chinese Linguistics. 22 (2), 202-247.
    Aikhenvald, Y. Alexandra (2000). Classifier: A Typology of Noun Categorization Devices. New York: Oxford University Press.
    Allan, Keith (1977). Classifiers. Language. 53 (2), 285-311.
    Anward, Jan (2000). A dynamic model of part-of speech differentiation. In Petra Maria Vogel and Bernard Comrie (Eds.), Approaches to the typology of word classes (pp. 3-46). New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
    Bloomfield, Leonard (2002). Language. 北京:外語教學與研究出版社. (Original work published in 1933)
    Bodomo, Adams (2006). The Structure of Ideophones in African and Asian Languages: The Case of Dagaare and Cantonese. In John Mugane, John P. Hutchison and Dee A. Worman (Eds.), Selected Proceedings of the 35th Annual Conference on African Linguistics in Broad Perspectives (pp. 203-213). Somerville: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.
    Bodomo, Adams (2008). The Corpus of Cantonese Ideophones. The University of Hong Kong. 2002/Feb./09, from http://www.hku.hk/linguist/research/bodomo/ideophones/ideophonesCorpusMSmar04.pdf
    Bühler, Karl (1990). Theory of language: the representational function of language (Donald Fraser Goodwin, Trans.). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub. Co.. (Original work published in 1934)
    Chafe, Wallace L. (1970). Meaning and the Structure of Language. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
    Chafe, Wallace L. (1976). Givenness, Contrastiveness, Definiteness, Subjects, Topics, and Point of View. In Charles N. Li (Ed.), Subject and Topic (pp. 25-56). New York: Academic Press, Inc..
    Cheung, Hung-Nin S. (1977). A Study of the Use of yige. Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association. 12, 2-7.
    Chomsky, Noam (1970). Remarks on Nominalization. In Roderick A. Jacobs and Peter S. Rosenbaum (Eds.), Readings in English Transformational Grammar (pp. 184-221). Waltham, MA: Ginn and Co..
    Chomsky, Noam (1993). Lectures on Government and Binding: The Pisa Lectures. New York: Mouton de Gruyter. (Original work published in 1981)
    Comrie, Bernard (1976). Aspect: An Introduction to the Study of Verbal Aspect and Related Problems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    Cook, Walter Anthony (1989). Case Grammar Theory. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.
    Croft, William (1990). A conceptual framework for grammatical categories (or, a taxonomy of propositional acts). Journal of Semantics. 7, 245-79.
    Croft, William (1991). Syntactic Categories and Grammatical Relations. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.
    Croft, William (1998). The Structure of Events and the Structure of Language. In Michael Tomasello (Ed.), The New Psychology of Language: Cognitive and Functional Approaches to Language Structure (pp. 67-92). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum associates, Inc..
    Croft, William (2000). Parts of speech as typological universals and as language particular categories. In Petra Maria Vogel and Bernard Comrie (Eds.), Approaches to the typology of word classes (pp. 65-102). New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
    Croft, William (2001). Radical Construction Grammar: Syntactic Theory in Typological Perspective. New York: Oxford University Press.
    Dixon, Robert Malcolm W. (1995). Complement Clauses and Complement Strategies. In John Lyons and Frank R. Palmer (Eds.), Grammar and Meaning (pp. 175-220). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    Ernst, Thomas (1994). Conditions on Chinese A-not-A questions. Journal of East Asian Linguistics. 3 (3), 241-264.
    Ernst, Thomas (2002). The Syntax of Adjuncts. London: Cambridge University Press.
    Evans, Vyvyan (2004). The structure of time: language, meaning and temporal cognition. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub. Co..
    Fillmore, Charles J. (1968). The case for case. In Emmon Bach and Tobert Harms (Eds.), Universals in Linguistic Theory (pp. 1-88). New York: Holt, Teinhart and Winston.
    Geach, Peter T. (1980). Reference and Generality: An Examination of Some Medieval and Modern Theories (3rd ed.). London: Cornell University Press Ltd..
    Givón, Talmy (1984). Syntax: a functional-typological introduction, Volume I. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub. Co..
    Givón, Talmy (2001). Syntax: An introduction, Volume I. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub. Co..
    Gleitman, Lila R. (1969). Coordinating Conjunction in English. In David A. Reibel and Sanford A. Schane (Eds.), Modern Studies in English: Readings in Transformational Grammar (pp. 80-112). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc..
    Greenberg, Joseph H. (1966). Some universals of grammar: with particular reference to the order of meaningful elements. n Joseph H. Greenberg (Ed.), Universals of language (2nd ed.)(pp. I73-113). Cambridge: MIT Press.
    Gupta, Anil. (1980). The logic of common nouns: An Investigation in Quantified Modal Logic. New Haven: Yale University Press.
    Halliday, M. A. K. (1968). Notes on transitivity and theme in English Part 3. Journal of Linguistics. 4, 179-215.
    Halliday, M. A. K. (1970). Functional diversity in language as seen from consideration of modality and mood in English. Foundations of Language. 6, 322-361.
    Halliday, M. A. K. (2004). An Introduction to Functional Grammar. (3rd ed.). London: Hodder Arnold.
    Hammerly, Hector (1982). Synthesis in Second Language Teaching: An Introduction to Languistics (Volume 1 of the Series in Languistics). Blaine, Washington: Second Language Publication.
    Hatch, Evelyn and Cheryl Brown (2001). Vocabulary, Semantics and Language Education. 北京:外語教學與研究出版社. (Original work published in 1995)
    Haumann, Dagmar (2007). Adverb Licensing and Clause Structure in English. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub. Co..
    He, BaoZhang (1992). Situation Types and Aspectual Classes of Verbs in Mandarin Chinese. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The Ohio State University, Columbia.
    Hengeveld, Kees (1992). Part of Speech. In Michael Fortescue, Peter Harder and Lars Kristoffersen (Eds.), Layered Structure and Reference in a Functional Perspective (pp. 29-55). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub. Co..
    Hengeveld, Kees (2007). Part-of-speech systems and morphological types. ACLC working papers. 2 (1), 31-48.
    Hopper, Paul J. and Sandra A. Thompson (1984). The Discourse Basis for Lexical Categories in Universal Grammar. Language. 60 (4), 703-752.
    Hoye, Leo (1997). Adverb and Modality in English. New York: Addison Wesley Longman Inc..
    Iljic, Robert (2001). The Problem of the Suffix-Men in Chinese Grammar. Journal of Chinese Linguistics. 29 (1), 11-68.
    Jackendoff, Ray S. (1972). Semantic Interpretation in Generative Grammar. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
    Jackendoff, Ray S. (1977). X syntax: a study of phrase structure. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
    Jackendoff, Ray S. (1983). Semantics and Cognition. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
    Jespersen, Otto (2008). The philosophy of Grammar. 北京: 世界圖書出版公司. (Original work published in 1924)
    Jin, HongGang (2004). The importance of CFL teacher training on elicitation techniques. Journal of Chinese Teachers Association. 39 (3), 29-50.
    Kent, Grace H. and Aaron J. Rosanoff (1910). A study of Association in Insanity. American Journal of Insanity. 67, 1-2.
    Klein, Ewan (1980). A Semantics for Positive and Comparative Adjectives. Linguistic and Philosophy. 4, 1-45.
    Klein, Ewan (1991). Comparatives. In Arnim von Stechow and Dieter Wunderlich (Eds.), Semantics: An international Handbook of Contemporary research (pp. 673-691). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
    Koopman, Hilda and Dominique Sportiche (1998). The Position of Subjects. In Sportiche, Dominique (Ed.), Partitions and Atoms of Clause Structure: Subjects, agreement, case, and clitics (pp. 44-87). London: Routledge.
    Kuroda, Sige-Yuki (1992). Whether We Agree or Not: A Comparative Syntax of English and Japanese. In Kuroda, Sige-Yuki (Ed.), Japanese syntax and semantics: collected papers (pp. 294-315). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. (Original work published in 1988)
    Lakoff, George and Stanley Peters (1969). Phrasal Conjunction and Symmetric Predicates. In David A. Reibel and Sanford A. Schane (Eds.), Modern Studies in English: Readings in Transformational Grammar (pp. 113-142). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.. (Original work published in 1966)
    Lakoff, George (1970). Irregularity in Syntax. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc..
    Langacker, Ronald W. (1987). Foundations of Cognitive Grammar Volume I. California: Stanford University Press.
    Larson, Richard and Gabriel Segal (1995). Knowledge of Meaning: An Introduction to Semantic Theory. Cambridge: The MIT press.
    Li, Ying-Che (1980). The Historical Development of the Coverb and Coverbial Phrase in Chinese. Journal of Chinese Linguistics. 2 (8), 273-293.
    Liu, Jian and Alain Peyraube (1994). History of some coordinative conjunction in Chinese. Journal of Chinese Linguistics. 22 (4), 179-201.
    Lyons, John (1977). Semantics Ⅰ-Ⅱ. London: Cambridge University Press.
    McCawley, James D. (1986). What Linguistics might contribute to dictionary making if they could get their act together. In Peter C. Bjarkman and Victor Raskin (Eds.), The Real-world linguist : linguistic applications in the 1980s (pp. 3-18). Norwood: Ablex.
    McCawley, James D. (1992). Justifying Part-of-Speech Assignments in Mandarin Chinese. Journal of Chinese Linguistics. 20 (2), 211-245.
    Mikone, Eve (2001). Idiophones in the Balto-Finnic language. In F. K. Erhard Voeltz and Christa Kilian-Hatz (Eds.), Ideophones (pp. 223-233). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub. Co..
    Miller, George A. (1956). The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on Our Capacity for Processing Information. The Psychological Review. 63, 81-97.
    Nelson, Katherine (1973). Structure and strategy in learning to talk. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 38. (1-2, Serial No.149).
    O’ Grady, William D. and Michael Dobrovolsky (1987). Contemporary Linguistic Analysis: an introduction. Toronto: Copp Clark Pitman.
    Odlin, Terence. (1994). Perspectives on pedagogical grammar. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    Palmer, Frank R. (1986). Mood and Modality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    Quine, Willard V. (1985). Events and Reification. In Ernest LePore and Brian P. McLaughlin (Eds.), Actions and events: Perspectives on the philosophy of Donald Davidson(pp. 162–171). Oxford: Blackwell.
    Quirk, Randolph, Sidney Greenbaum, Geoffrey Leech and Jan Svartvik (1985). A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. New York: Longman Inc..
    Richards, Jack C., John Platt and Heidi Platt (1998). Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics (English- Chinese edition). Hong Kong: Addison Wesley Longman China Ltd..
    Rjikhoff, Jan (2000). When can a language have adjectives? An implicational universal. In Petra Maria Vogel and Bernard Comrie (Eds.), Approaches to the typology of word classes (pp. 217-257). New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
    Ross, John R. (1967). Constraints on Variables in Syntax. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge.
    Saeed, John I. (2003). Semantics (2nd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd..
    Sasse, Hans-Jürgen (1993). Syntactic Categories and Subcategories. In Joachim Jacobs, Arnim von Stechow, Wolfgang Sternefeld and Theo Vennemann (Eds.), Syntax (pp. 646-686). New York: Walter de Gruyter.
    Schachter, Paul (1985). “Parts-of-speech systems”. In Timothy Shopen (Ed.), Language typology and syntactic description, Volume I: Clause structure (pp. 3-61). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    Searle, John R. (1969). Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    Smith, Carlotta S. (1969). Ambiguous Sentences with And. In David A. Reibel and Sanford A. Schane (Eds.), Modern Studies in English: Readings in Transformational Grammar (pp. 75-79). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc..
    Sportiche, Dominique (1988). A Theory of Floating Quantifiers and Its Corollaries for Constituent Structure. Linguistic Inquiry. 19 (3), 425-449.
    Swan, Michael (1994). Design Criteria for Pedagogic Language Rules. In Martin Bygate, Allan Tonkyn and Eddie Williams (Eds.), Grammar and the Language Teacher (pp. 45-55). Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.
    Taylor, John R. (2003). Linguistic Categorization (3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
    Tai, James H-Y. (1982). Relevant Categorical Distinctions in Chinese. Papers from the 18 th regional meeting of the Chicago Linguistics Society (pp. 495-506).
    Tai, James H-Y. (1985). Temporal Sequence and Chinese Word Order. In John Haiman (Ed.), Iconicity in Syntax (pp. 49-72). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub. Co..
    Tai, James H-Y. (1994). Chinese classifier systems and human categorization. In Matthew Chen and Ovid Tseng (Eds.), In Honor of Professor William S.-Y. Wang: Interdisciplinary Studies on Language and Language Change (pp. 479-494). Taipei: Pyramid Publishing Company.
    Tai, James H-Y. and Wang Lianqing (1990). A semantic study of the classifier tiáo. Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association. 25, 35-56.
    Tang, Jane Chih-Chen (2005). Nouns or Classifiers: A Non-movement Analysis in Chinese. Language and Linguistics. 6 (3), 431-472.
    Teng, Shou-Hsin (2005a). Comitative versus Phrasal Conjunction. In Shou-Hsing Teng (Ed.), Studies on Modern Chinese Syntax (pp. 1-34). Taipei: Crane Publishing Co., Ltd.. (Original work published in 1970)
    Teng, Shou-Hsin (2005b). Verb Classification and Its Pedagogical Extensions. In Shou-Hsing Teng (Ed.), Studies on Modern Chinese Syntax (pp. 79-86). Taipei: Crane Publishing Co., Ltd.. (Original work published in 1974)
    Teng, Shou-Hsin (2005c). Negation in Chinese. In Shou-Hsing Teng (Ed.), Studies on Modern Chinese Syntax (pp. 121-136). Taipei: Crane Publishing Co., Ltd.. (Original work published in 1975)
    Teng, Shou-Hsin (2005d). Progressive Aspect in Chinese. In Shou-Hsing Teng (Ed.), Studies on Modern Chinese Syntax (pp. 185-196). Taipei: Crane Publishing Co., Ltd.. (Original work published in 1979)
    Teng, Shou-Hsin (to appear). A new system of Parts of Speech in Chinese. 情境三百句. 臺北:書林出版社.
    Underhill, Robert (1976). Turkish Grammar. Cambridge: MIT Press.
    Westney, Paul (1994). Rules and pedagogical grammar. In Terence Odlin (Ed.), Perspectives on Pedagogical Grammar (pp. 72-96). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    Wierzbicka, Anna (2000). Lexical prototypes as a universal basis for cross-linguistic identification of “parts of speech”. In Petra Maria Vogel and Bernard Comrie (Eds.), Approaches to the typology of word classes (pp. 285-317). New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
    Wittgenstein, Ludwig (1958). Philosophical investigations (G.E.M. Anscombe, Trans.). Oxford: Basil Blackwell. (Original work published in 1953)
    Zacks, Jeff and Babara Tversky (2001). Event Structure in Perception and Conception. Psychological Bulletin. 127, 3-21.

    丁邦新(譯)(2002)。趙元任著。中國話的文法(增訂版)(A Grammar of Spoken Chinese)。香港:中文大學出版社。(原著出版年:1968年)
    方立(2002)。“I don’t think…”和“I think… not…”的句式分析。外語教學與研究,34(6),450-453。
    方瑾(2009)。論現代漢語詞素、詞、詞組之界定及其教學啟示。臺北:國立臺灣師範大學華語文教學研究所碩士論文(未出版)。
    王力(1947)。中國現代語法。上海:商務印書館。
    王力(1954)。中國語法理論(上)。北京:中華書局。
    王力(1957)。詞類。載於肅父(主編)。漢語知識講話。上海:新知識出版社。
    王玨(2001)。現代漢語名詞研究。上海:華東師範大學出版社。
    王楚蓁(2008)。現代漢語詞類劃分與教學語法。臺北:國立臺灣師範大學華語文教學研究所碩士論文(未出版)。
    史有為(1996)。詞類問題的癥結及其對策—漢語詞類柔性處理試探。載於胡明揚(主編)。詞類問題考察(56-92頁)。北京:北京語言文化大學出版社。
    石定栩(2002)。喬姆斯基的形式語法—歷史進程與最新理論。北京:北京語言文化大學出版社。
    石毓智(2001)。肯定和否定的對稱與不對稱(增訂本)。北京:北京語言文化大學出版社。
    朴正九(1996)。漢語介詞研究。新竹:國立清華大學語言學研究所博士論文(未出版)。
    朴民庭(2002)。比字句的語用分析及否定形式。臺北:國立臺灣師範大學華語文教學研究所碩士論文(未出版)。
    朱德熙(1982)。語法講義。北京:商務印書館。
    何兆雄(主編)(2000)。新編語用學概要。上海:上海外語教育出版社。
    吳積才、程家樞(1981)。現代漢語。昆明:雲南人民出版社。
    呂叔湘(1979)。漢語語法分析問題。北京:商務印書館。(原著出版年:2007年)
    呂叔湘(1984)。漢語語法論文集(增訂本)。北京:商務印書館。
    呂叔湘(2006)。現代漢語八百詞(增訂本)。北京:商務印書館。(原著出版年:1980年)
    李方桂(1951)。漢藏系語言研究法。國學季刊,4,165-175。原著出版年:1939年)
    李美慧(2005)。現代漢語雙重否定結構之初探。臺北:國立臺灣師範大學華語文教學研究所碩士論文(未出版)。
    肖奚強(2002)。「正(在)、「在」和「著」功能比較研究。語言研究,4,27-34。
    邢福義(1996)。漢語語法學。長春:東北師範大學出版社。
    邢福義(1997)。「很淑女」之類說法語言文化背景的思考。語言研究,2,1-10。
    邢福義(2003a)。詞類辨難(修訂本)。北京:商務印書館。
    邢福義(2003b)。漢語語法三百問。北京:商務印書館。
    周法高(1968)。中國語的詞類。載於周法高(主編)。中國語言學論文集(329-348頁)。香港:崇基書店。
    周剛(2002)。連詞與相關問題。合肥:安徽教育出版社。
    周國正(2002)。漢語名詞性—動詞性考察。中國文化研究所學報,11,469-495。
    屈承熹(1991)。華語中前後景的等級體系及句子的界定。第三屆世界華語文教學研討會(11-18頁)。臺北:世界華語文教育學會。
    屈承熹(1999)。漢語認知功能語法。臺北:文鶴出版社。
    林芯妤(2008)。現代漢語「不」和「沒」之比較分析與教學活動設計—以英語為母語學習者的偏誤及學習策略分析為基礎。臺北:國立臺灣師範大學華語文教學研究所碩士論文(未出版)。
    邵敬敏(主編)(2007)。現代漢語通論(第二版)。上海:上海教育出版社。
    邵敬敏、吳吟(2000)。動詞重疊的核心意義、派生意義和格式意義。漢語學報,1,39-47。
    金海林(2008)。漢語時態詞「在」與「著」之教學語法—以韓籍學習者為例。臺北:國立臺灣師範大學華語文教學研究所碩士論文(未出版)。
    俞敏(1957)。名詞、動詞、形容詞。載於肅父(主編)。漢語知識講話。上海:新知識出版社。
    姚瑜雯(2002)。現代漢語動作動詞重疊探討與教學應用。臺北:國立臺灣師範大學華語文教學研究所碩士論文(未出版)。
    姚道中、劉月華等(1997)。中文聽說獨寫(第一冊至第二冊)。Boston: Cheng & Tsui Co..
    洪藝芳(2005)。敦煌變文中的重疊詞探析。敦煌學,26,111-140。
    洪蘭(譯)(2002)。George A. Miller著。詞的學問—發現語言的科學(The Science of Words)。臺北:遠流出版事業股份有限公司。(原著出版年:1996年)
    胡明揚(1992)。「很激情」「很青春」等。語文建設,4,35。
    胡明揚(1996)。現代漢語詞類問題考察。載於胡明揚(主編)。詞類問題考察(1-21頁)。北京:北京語言文化大學出版社。
    胡裕樹(1994)。現代漢語詞類(重訂本)。上海:上海教育出版社。
    胡裕樹(主編)(1995)。現代漢語(重訂本)。上海:上海教育出版社。
    袁毓林(1995)。詞類範疇的家族相似性。中國社會科學,1,154-170。
    袁毓林(2002)。論元角色的層級關係和語義特徵。世界漢語教學,3,10-22。
    袁毓林(2005)。基於隸屬度的漢語詞類的模糊劃分。中國社會科學,1,164-177。
    馬建忠(1983)。馬氏文通。北京:商務印書館。(原著出版年:1898年)
    馬真(1981)。修飾數量詞的副詞。語言教學與研究,1,54-61。
    張淑敏(1990)。漢語副詞與狀語的研究:X標槓結構分析法。新竹:國立清華大學語言學研究所碩士論文(未出版)。
    張誼生(1996a)。交互類短語與連介兼類詞的分化。中國語文,6,330-338。
    張誼生(1996b)。名詞的語義基礎及功能轉換與副詞修飾名詞。語言教學與研究,4,57-75。
    張誼生(2000)。現代漢語副詞研究。上海:學林出版社。
    張靜(主編)(1980)。新編現代漢語(上冊)。上海:上海教育出版社。
    張赬(2000)。現代漢語「V一V」式和「VV」式的來源。語言教學與研究,4,12-19。
    張寶林(1996)。連詞的再分類。載於胡明揚(主編)。詞類問題考察 (431-445頁)。北京:北京語言文化大學出版社。
    梁玉玲、楊靜寬、王稼鈞(譯)(1994)。George Lakoff著。女人、火、與危險事物—範疇所揭示的心智奧秘(Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal About The Mind)。臺北:桂冠圖書公司。(原著出版年:1986年)
    畢永峨(1994)。「也」在三個話語平面的體現:多義性與抽象性。載於戴浩一、薛鳳生(主編)。功能主義與漢語語法(79-93頁)。北京:北京語言學院出版社。
    許秀霞(2008)。漢語動詞分類的句法搭配與教學應用。臺北:國立臺灣師範大學華語文教學研究所碩士論文(未出版)。
    郭進屘(1982)。漢語正反問句的結構和句法運作。新竹:國立清華大學語言學研究所碩士論文(未出版)。
    郭銳(2002)。現代漢語詞類研究。北京:商務印書館。
    郭翼舟(1987)。副詞 介詞 連詞。載於肅父(主編)。漢語知識講話(合訂本三)。上海:上海教育出版社。
    陳怡靜(2004)。現代漢語動詞後置成分之語法意義與教學排序。臺北:國立臺灣師範大學華語文教學研究所碩士論文(未出版)。
    陳昌來(2002)。介詞與介引功能。合肥:安徽教育出版社。
    陳昌來(2005)。特殊動詞的句法語義屬性研究與對外漢語教學。上海師範大學學報,34(4),111-118。
    陳俊光(2007)。對比分析與教學應用(修訂版)。臺北:文鶴出版社。
    陳紋慧(2004)。現代漢語被字句教學語法初探。臺北:國立臺灣師範大學華語文教學研究所碩士論文(未出版)。
    陶瑞仁(2007)。「得」字句的動詞補語和語義指向。黃山學院學報,9(6),123-126。
    彭玉琴(2009)。漢語語氣副詞引導碼探析。臺北:國立臺灣師範大學華語文教學研究所碩士論文(未出版)。
    曾心怡(2002)。當代臺灣國語的句法結構。臺北:國立臺灣師範大學華語文教學研究所碩士論文(未出版)。
    湯廷池(1979a)。動詞與形容詞之間。國語語法研究論集(161-167頁)。臺北:學生書局。
    湯廷池(1979b)。動詞與介詞之間。國語語法研究論集(169-179頁)。臺北:學生書局。
    湯廷池(1979c)。國語變形語法研究第一集:移位變形。臺北:學生書局。
    湯廷池(2000)。漢語的詞:詞語的分斷。漢語詞法論集(49-63頁)。臺北:金字塔出版社。
    湯廷池、張淑敏(1996)。論旨網格、原參語法與機器翻譯。中國語文,4,260-272。
    賀重(1955)。詞的分類有哪些不同。語文彙編,6(28),1-7。
    黃正德(1988)。漢語正反問句的模組語法。中國語文,4,247-264。
    黃宣範(譯)(2007)。Charles N. Li and Sandra A. Thompson。漢語語法(Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar)。臺北:文鶴出版社。(原著出版年:1986年)
    黃國文(1998)。形式是意義的體現—功能句法的特點之一。外語與外語教學(大連外國語學院學報),9,4-8。
    黃國文(2000)。韓禮德系統功能語言學四十年發展述評。外語教學與研究,32(1),15-79。
    葉信鴻(2009)。現代漢語助動詞的界定與教學應用。臺北:國立臺灣師範大學華語文教學研究所碩士論文(未出版)。
    葉德明(1997)。實用視聽華語(第一冊至第二冊)。臺北:正中書局。
    賈崇柏(1958)。「和、跟、同、與」的用法和分工。中國語文,11,533-534。
    廖秋忠(1983)。現代漢語篇章中空間和時間的參考點。中國語文,4,257-263。
    趙淑華(1996)。介詞和介詞分類。載於胡明揚(主編)。詞類問題考察(403-430頁)。北京:北京語言文化大學出版社。
    劉月華、潘文娛、故韡(2001)。實用現代漢語語法(增訂本)。北京:商務印書館。
    劉晉利(2002)。現代漢語領屬範疇研究。太原師範學院學報(社會科學版),2(1),83-86。
    劉珣(2002)。新實用漢語課本(第一冊至第二冊)。北京:北京語言文化大學出版社。
    劉晶晶(2009)。漢語配價語法理論研究綜述。安徽文學,4,305。
    劉潤清、劉正光(2004)。名詞非範疇化的特徵。語言教學與研究,3,1-13。
    劉憲民(2004)。漢語“一+量詞”的意義及功能—與英語“a(n)”之比較。Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association。39 (1),85-100。
    鄧守信(1984)。漢語及物性關係的語意研究。臺灣:學生書局。
    鄧守信(2009)。對外漢語教學語法(修訂版)。臺北:文鶴出版社。
    黎錦熙(1947)。新著國語文法。上海:上海書店。(原著出版年:1924年)
    黎錦熙(1955)。詞類大系—附論「片語」和「詞類形態」。語文彙編,6 (28),64-76。
    黎錦熙、劉世儒(1957)。漢語介詞的新體系。中國語文,2,56-16。
    盧福波、吳瑩(2005)。請求句中「V」、「V一下」與「VV」的語用差異。語言教學與研究,4,40-45。
    錢乃榮(主編)(1995)。漢語語言學。北京:北京語言學院出版社。
    錢乃榮(主編)(鄧守信策劃)(2002)。現代漢語概論。臺北:師大書苑。
    戴浩一(1988)。時間順序和漢語的語序(黃河譯)。國外語言學,1,10-20。
    戴浩一(2007)。中文構詞與句法的概念結構。華語文教學研究,4(1),1-30。
    謝國平(2002)。語言學概論(增訂二版)。臺北:三民書局。
    羅義芬、黃居仁(1997)。漢語動貌詞「在」與「著」的詞彙意義。第五屆世界華語文教學研討會(291-301頁)。臺北:世界華語文教育學會。
    關鍵、洪波(1994)。含變化義動詞及其句法表現。天津市對外漢語教學論文集。天津市:天津市對外漢語教學研究會。
    蘇欣敏(2008)。現代漢語臺灣口語量詞分類研究。臺北:國立臺灣師範大學華語文教學研究所碩士論文(未出版)。
    闞哲華(2000)。時間順序原則和時間範圍原則評述。韶關大學學報,21(5),114-117。

    下載圖示
    QR CODE