在金融時代瞬息萬變世代中，員工對因融業來說是一個重要的資產，而主管就是帶領組織最重要的角色，主管領導風格對員工、組織和對績效的表現和承諾具有絕對的影響力。過去許多學者專注在調查員工對企業績效成果的影響和企業永續經營，組織要永續，員工工作投入的提升程度對組織來說就是一種永續經營並可以減少許重新教育訓練花的時間成本，本研究主要在探討主管領導風格關懷型、規範型在組織中經過比馬龍效應下對其工作投入又分別為心智、情感和行為三種型態去作細部了解與職涯發展之間的關聯性。
本研究以抽樣方式來收集問卷調查，並收集301有效問卷，利用結構方程模型(SEM)來進行本研究假設。研究結果顯示主管領導風格，比馬龍的比龍效應，三個工作投入型態及生涯發展信心皆有正相關，除了規範型領導風格對比馬龍效應為負相關。關懷型對比龍效應有顯著正向影響;比龍效應對工作投入–心智、情感、行為皆有呈現正向顯著影響；心智、情感、行為投入對職涯發展有顯著正向影響。因此，建議管理者要強調關懷型領導風格，才能對員工各層面工作投入程度有影響力，也才能穩定從業人員在公司的生涯發展。

Leadership has been a particular point of difficulty for contemporary management. Two types of leadership: Transformational and transactional leaders have been studied for many years to assess the person-organization fit. Transformational leaders seek to make changes and improvements in individuals and organization systems. This type of leader enjoys using information to help followers achieve their best and derives inspiration from interactions with subordinates. On the other hand, the transactional leadership style requires hard lines between leaders and followers, they focus on exchanges of benefits or transactions with subordinates. To a transactional leader, he believes the reward can drive followers to reach their maximum potential. However, between leadership style and career commitment there are certain correlates are limited studied. Then, we investigated the relationships between leaders' leadership style, job engagement, career commitment in the organization mediated by Pygmalion effects (i.e., this study referred Pygmalion as leaders' high expectations to improve follower performance).
This study collected questionnaires by purposive sampling and 301 data were validated and using structural equation modeling (SEM) to test research hypotheses. The results of the study showed that all constructs were positively correlated, except the transactional leadership was negative related to Pygmalio effect. Transformational leadership was positively related to Pygmalion effect, but transactional was not. The Pygmalion effect was positively related to three types of job engagement: cognitive, emotional and behavioral engagements Finally, three types of job engagement was positively related to organizational commitment. Therefore, it is suggested that the managers in the bank industry can perform transformational leadership style to increase the perception of Pygmalion effect, then to enhance employees’ job engagement and career commitment in the organization.

壹、中文部分
王宗鴻（2006）。人格特質、主管領導風格與人力資源管理措施對工作 投入與工作績效之影響（未出版之碩士論文）。國立中央大學，桃園縣。
王俊智（2008）。在戰場壓力下正向畢馬龍效應對士兵失敗控制與情緒調控的影響性-以自我效能為調節變項（未出版之碩士論文）。國立國防大學，臺北市。
王瑤芬 (2005)。國際觀光旅館餐飲部門高階主管人員職涯發展及其影響因素之研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學，台北市。
王筱蘋（2008）。師父利益、知覺組織支持及對徒弟期待（未出版之碩士論文）。私立東吳大學，台北市。
王昭洲（2014）。理性行為理論下的組織氣候, 社會網絡與互惠關係對於知識分享意圖的影響（未出版之碩士論文）。國立中山大學，高雄市。
王素貞（2014）。國民小學校長道德領導、教師工作投入與學校效能之研究（未出版之博士論文）。國立暨南國際大學，南投縣。
王俊明（2005）。教練領導行為量表之編制暨運動情境領導理論之驗證。台灣運動心理學會，7，1-18。
王傑明 (2004)。主管領導行為，工作特性，工作滿意度與離職傾向之關係研究-以高科技產業員工為例(未出版之碩士論文)。國立成功大學，台南市。
中華民國統計資訊網。行政院主計總處取自https://www.stat.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=41670&ctNode=516&mp=4
江瑜軒（2018）。國中教師教育環境負荷、家長參與、家庭因素、心理幸福與工作投入之關係(未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺東大學，臺東市。
沈浪（2004）。良馬對與比馬龍效應師友月刊 。445（2），32-35。
何美欣（2017）。探討行政人員職場友誼、工作投入、組織認同感對工 作績效影響之研究－以南部科技大學為例(未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺南大學，臺南市。
何惠美（2016）。鳳凰花開後的天空－高中體育班學生畢業後的生涯發展之研究(未出版之碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學，臺北市。
李弘暉、吳瓊治（2003）。善用畢馬龍效應-激勵專案團隊。品質月刊，5，26-29。
李櫻珊（1999）。工作假期參與經驗及其對職涯發展影響之研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學，臺北市。
李新鄉（1996）。國民中小學教師教學工作投入及其發展模式之研究。嘉義師院學報，10，188-230。
李易中（2007）。教育大學學生職涯發展需求之研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立教育大學，台北市。
李佳勳（2017）。少子化現象教師班級經營、工作投入與工作滿意度之研究（未出版之碩士論文）。私立高苑科技大學，高雄市。
周君翰（2016）。工作家庭平衡方案對員工情感性承諾與工作投入之影響－以工作滿意度為中介變項（未出版之碩士論文）。私立東吳大學，臺北市。
周家鈴（2002）。主管的正向畢馬龍效應對部屬壓力源、部屬創新及部屬離職傾向的影響(未出版之碩士論文)。國立中正大學，臺南市。
吳和堂，鍾明翰（2011）。國小實習教師的角色知覺、工作投入與專業成長之因果關係研究。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學系教育心理學報，43（2），419-438。
吳炎璐（2018）。風格與部屬成就動機對工作績效之影響性研究-以F銀行為例(未出版之碩士論文)。國立高雄大學，高雄市。
吳俐錦（2005）。國民小學教師生命價值觀與工作投入、教學效能關係之研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立高雄師範大學，高雄市。
吳慧英（2016）。科技業員工知覺組織支持、工作投入與工作滿意之關係研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立高雄應用科技大學，高雄市。
吳玉琦（2016）。國民小學課後照顧教師組織支持對工作投入影響之研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學，臺北市。
吳麗敏（1987）。情境因素、主管領導風格與部屬工作意願之關係（未出版之碩士論文）。私立中國文化大學，臺北市。
吳明隆、涂金堂(2012)。SPSS與統計應用分析。臺北市:五南。
林小琪（2018）。主管領導行為與工作特性對員工工作滿意度的影響（未出版之碩士論文）。國立南台科技大學，臺南市。
林欣屏（2016）。內控人格特質影響比馬龍效應與知識分享的態度（未出版之碩士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學，臺北市。
林奕帆（2009）。女性科技人才職涯發展及職涯供需調查（未出版之碩士論文）。私立東海大學，台中市。
保里乃玲（2010）。國際觀光旅館從業人員對高齡者態度、服務高齡者意願與職涯發展關係之研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立高雄師範大學，高雄市。
洪榮昭、李芸珮（2012）。比馬龍效應、創新氛圍與知識分享對組織創新能耐之影響─以高科技產業為例。2012第一屆服務與科技管理研討會，國立臺北科技大學，臺北市。
陳淑嬌（1989）。國民中學校長領導型式、教師工作投入與組織效能關係之研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立高雄師範學院教育研究所。高雄市。

陳心田（2003）。人際網絡、網絡利益與事業生涯成功。管理評論，22（4），101-127。
陳榮隆（2007）。派遣員工職涯發展之探討-以程式設計師為例（未出版之碩士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學。台北市。
陳素卿（2005）。我國壽險業務員離職行為之研究–以H公司為例（未出版之碩士論文）。私立朝陽科技大學，台中市。
許智偉（2016）。「七年級生」世代公部門約僱人員生涯發展之研究－以教育部所屬博物館類社教機構為例（未出版之碩士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學，臺北市。
許惠宜、楊志顯、劉品坊（2013）。「畢馬龍效應」 與體育教師教學倫理之探討。輔仁大學體育學刊，12， 174-185.
郭騰淵（1991）。國民中學教師工作價值觀、角色壓力與工作投入之研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立高雄師範大學教育大學。高雄市。
曾仲三（2017）。國小教師之工作價值觀、自我概念、工作投入與組織承諾之研究（未出版之碩士論文）。私立朝陽科技大學，臺中市。
曾燦燈（1986）：校長領導行為和教師服務精神之關係。臺北市：復文。
程淑華、謝王惠、魏明愷（2012）。畢馬龍情境對士兵工作表現的影響性。教育與心理研究，35 (1)，99-125。
程淑華、謝王惠、蘇俊欣（2014）。堅毅性格之可塑性初探。復興崗學報，104，175-198。
詹秋萍（2017）。主管領導風格對組織承諾與離職傾向之關聯性探討（未出版之碩士論文）。國立中央大學，桃園市。
張祐禎（2013）。不同性別主管領導型態對員工工作投入與工作績效之關聯性研究－以科技業為例（未出版之碩士論文）。國立臺北大學，臺北市。
張美瑤、張景棠（2010）。幼教師工作滿意度、工作投入與離職傾向相關研究－以高雄縣鳳山地區幼稚園為例。正修學報，23，285－300。
張金鑑（1990）：行政學新論。臺北市：三民。
熊師瑤、程淑華、馬于雯(2015)。正向畢馬龍情境，合作者工作態度對偏見態度改變之研究。復興崗學報，(107)，83-122。
黃芳銘（2007）。結構方程模式: 理論與應用。台北:五南。
鄒孟庭（1990）。主管領導型態與員工工作投入相關之研究（未出版之碩士論文）。私立淡江大學，新北市。
趙浩欽（2016）。人力資源管理措施與人格特質對工作投入與組織承諾之影響探討（未出版之碩士論文）。國立中央大學，桃園市。
鄭雅玟（2006）。工作複雜度與主管領導風格對工作滿意度之影響研究-以台灣電子零件銷售業務人員為例（未出版之碩士論文）。國立交通大學，新竹市。
鄭愛玲（2015)。國小教師工作投入與學校效能關係之研究。臺灣教育評論月刊，4，198-200.
蕭金蘭、羅新興、黃俊彥（2010）。大學聲望知覺與教師期望知覺對研究生自我效能的影響。人文社會學報，6，63-83。
潘佳嫻（2002）。職場友誼對組織認同之影響-以工作投入為干擾變數（未出版之碩士論文）。私立育達商業科技大學企業管理系，臺北市。
劉揚銘（民107年9月）。想精進管理能力，先分析自己的領導行為！經理人雜誌，166。取自：https://www.managetoday.com.tw/glossary view/191
張偉豪（2011）。 SEM 論文寫作不求人。高雄:鼎茂。
羅經輔（2012）。台商外派大陸經理人員的工作投入之研究：以 Bennett& Bell的高工作投入模式（未出版之碩士論文）。私立銘傳大學，臺北市。
嚴奇峰、 卓明德、李粵強（2014）。領導行為與部屬對主管滿意度關係之研究-華人對偶關係之情境觀點。商略學報，6， 105-132。

貳、英文部分
Alena, F. S., Barbara, F., Benjamin, N., Kathrin J., & Trautwein, U. (2015). Pygmalion effects in the classroom: Teacher expectancy effects on students' math achievement. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 41, 1-12.
Alessandro, P., & Jamel, D., (2019). Psychological distress, job satisfaction, and work engagement among Palestinian teachers: a cross-sectional study. The Lancet, 393, 40-41.
Allport, G. W., & Postman, L. (1947). The psychology of rumor.Oxford.England： Henry Holt.
Angelo, D. G., Maggioni, I. B., Chiara, M. C., & Alice M. C. (2019).Employability skills for future marketing professionals. European Management Journal, 23, 23-26.
Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1975). Attitude-behavior relations: A theoretical analysis and review of empirical research. Psychological bulletin, 84(5), 888-890.
Annabi, D., & Lauzier, M. (2018). Pygmalion effect in an organizational environment. Psychologie du Travail et des Organisations, 24,163-178.
Asrar-ul-haq, M., Huchinke, K. P., & Iqbal, A. (2017). The relationship between corporate social responsibility, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment: Case of Pakistani higher education. Journal of Cleaner Production, 142(4), 2352-2363.
Bakker, A., Demerouti, E., & Schaufeli, W. (2003). Dual processes at work in a call centre: An application of the job demands–resources model. European Journal of work and organizational psychology, 12(4), 393-417.
Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74-94. doi:10.1177/009207038801600107
Bastardoz, N., & Van Vugt, M, (2019). The nature of followership: Evolutionary analysis and review. The Leadership Quarterly, 30(1), 81-95.
Bootzin, R. R., Bower, G. H., Zajonc, R. B. & Hall, E. (1986). Test item file to accompany psychology today. New York, NY: Random House.
Bollen, K. A. (1990). Overall fit in covariance structure models: Two types of sample size effects. Psychological bulletin, 107(2), 256.
Brehm, S. S., & Kassin, S. M. (1996). Social psychology. Boston, MA: Houghton Miffin.
Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sage focus editions, 154, 136-136.
Byrne, B. M. (2001), Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications and programming. NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Association.
Blake, R., & Mouton, J. (1964). The managerial grid: The key to leadership excellence. Houston, TA: Gulf Publishing Co.
Churchill, G. A., & Iacobucci, D. (2006). Marketing research: methodological foundations. New York, NY: Dryden Press.
Cosner, S. (2009). Building organizational capacity through trust. Educational Administration Quarterly, 45(2), 248-291.
Chen, T. Y., Chang, P. L., & Yeh, C. W. (2003). Square of correspondence between career needs and career development programs for R&D personnel. The Journal of High Technology Management Research, 14, 189-211.
Childs, A., Klimoski, R. J. (1986). Successfully predicting career success: An application of the biographical inventory. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 3-8.
Cohen, H. B. (2019). An inconvenient truth about leadership development. Organizational Dynamics, 48, 8-15.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Hillsdale, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Crawford, J. A., & Kelder, J. A. (2019). Do we measure leadership effectively? Articulating and evaluating scale development psychometrics for best practice. The Leadership Quarterly, 30, 133-144.
Cuieford, J. P. (1965). Fundamental statistics in psychology and education. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.
Daniels, E. A., Hondeghem, A. A., & Dochy, F. B. (2019). A review on leadership and leadership development in educational settings. Educational Research Review, 27, 110-125
Davenport, T. H., & Prusak, L. (2000). Working knowledge: How organizations manage what they know. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
De Simone, S., Planta, A., & Cicotto, G. (2019). The role of job satisfaction, work engagement, self-efficacy and agentic capacities on nurses' turnover intention and patient satisfaction. Applied Nursing Research, 39, 130-140.
Doll, W. J., & Torkzadeh, G. (1988). The measurement of end-user computing satisfaction, MIS Quarterly, 12(2), 259-274.
Donnelly, J. M. & Ivancevich, J. H. (1970). Leader Influence and Performance. Personnel Psychology, 23, 539-549.
Dubin, D. (1956). Industrial workers' worlds: A study of the “Central Life Interests” of industrial workers. Social Problems, 3, 131-142
Eden, D. (1992). Leadership and expectations: Pygmalion effects and other Self-fulfilling prophecies in organizations. Leadership Quarterly, 3(4), 271-305.
Eden, D., & Shani, A. B. (1982). Pygmalion goes to boot camp: Expectancy, leadership, and trainee performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 67(2), 194-199.
Ercan, O., Mehmet, C. B., & Seyfi, T. (2018). The effects of paternalistic leadership on workplace loneliness, work family conflict and work engagement among air traffic controllers in Turkey. Journal of Air Transport Management, 66, 25-35.
Fiedler, F. E. (1967). A theory of leadership effectiveness. New York, NY: Mcgraw Hill.
Fleishman, E. A., Burtt, H. E., & Harris, E. F. (1955). Leadership and supervision in industry. Columbus. OH：Ohio state university. Bureau of educational research monograph.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
Friedrich, A., Flunger, B., Nagengast, B., Jonkmann, K., & Trautwein, U. (2015). Pygmalion effects in the classroom: Teacher expectancy effects on students' math achievement. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 41, 1-12.
Gardner, H. (1999), The disciplined mind: What all students should understand. NY: Simon & Schuster.
Green, S. B., & Salkind, N. J. (2004). Using SPSS for Windows and Macintosh: Analyzing and understanding data (4th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2009). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Mena, J. A. (2012). An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in marketing research. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(3), 414-433. doi:10.1007/s11747-011-0261-6
Harsha, N., Perera, H. G., & Peter, M. (2018). Profiles of teacher personality and relations with teacher self-efficacy, work engagement, and job satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 120, 171-178.
Hersey, P., & Blanchard, K. H. (1982). Management of organizational behavior: Utilizing human resources. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice-Hall.
House R. J. (1971). A path-goal theory of leader effectiveness. Adminstrative Science Quarterly, 16, 21-329.
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. 182 Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1-55.
Herr, E. L., & Cramer, S. H. (1996). Career guidance and counseling through the life.Nueva York: Harper Collins Pub.
Hall, D. T., & Lawler, E. E. (1970). Job characteristics and pressures and the organizational integration of professionals. Administrative Science Quarterly, 15(3),271-281.
Inancevich, J. M., Szilagyi, A. D., & Wallace, M. J. (1977). Organizational behavior and performance. Santa Monica, CA: Goodyear.
Ivancevich, J. M. (1977). Different goal setting treatments and their effects on performance and job satisfaction. Academy of Management Journal, 20(3), 406-419.
Irina, N., Wilmar, S. B., & Notelaers, G. (2019). Engaging leader – Engaged employees? A cross-lagged study on employee engagement. European Management Journal. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1016/j.emj.2019.02.004
Jago, A. G. (1982). Leadership: Perspectives in theory and research. Management Science, 28, 315.
Kanungo, R. N. (1982). Measurement of job and work involvement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 67, 341-349.
Keith D. (1972). Human behavior at work (Vols. 100). NY: McGraw-Hill.
Kotter, J. P. (1998). What leaders really do (Vols. 37-60). Boston, MA: Harvard Business Review.
Kierein, N. M., & Gold, M. A. (2000). Pygmalion in work organizations: a meta‐analysis. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21(8), 913-928.
Lu, X., Xie, B., & Guo, Y. (2018). The trickle-down of work engagement from leader to follower: The roles of optimism and self-efficacy. Journal of Business Research,84, 186-195.
Livingston, W. C. (1969). On the differential rotation with height in the solar atmosphere. Solar Physics, 9(2), 448-451.
Luu, T. T., Rowley, C. V., & Vo, T. T. (2019). Addressing employee diversity to foster their work engagement. Journal of Business Research, 95, 303-315.
Lodahl, T. M., & Kejnar, M. (1965). The definition and measurement of job involvement. Journal of applied psychology, 49(1), 24.
Munson, J. M., & Posner, B. Z. (1980). Concurrent validation of two value inventories in predicting job classification and success for organizational personnel. Journal of Applied Psychology, 65(5), 536.
MacCallum, R. C., & Hong, S. (1997). Power analysis in covariance structure modeling using GFI and AGFI. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 32(2), 193-210. doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr3202_5
Martínez-León, I. M., Olmedo-Cifuentes, I., & Ramón-Llorens, M. C. (2018). Work personal and cultural factors in engineers’ management of their career satisfaction. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 47, 22-36.
Mindrum, C. (2013). Imitating virtuous behaviors. Chief Learning Officer, 1, 34-37.
Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Parsons, F. G. (1909). The topography and morphology of the human hyoid bone. Journal of anatomy and physiology, 43, 279.
Patchen, M. (1970). Participation, achievement, and involvement on the job. Englewood Cliffs, NJ：Prentice Hall.
Paullay, I. M., Alliger, G. M., & Stone-Romero, E. F. (1994). Con-struct validation of wo instruments designed to measure job involvement and work centrality. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79, 224-228.
Robinowitz, S., & Hall, D. T. (1977). Organizational research on job involvement. Psychological bulletin, 84(2), 265.
Rauch, C. F., & Behiling, O. (1984). Leaders and managers: international perspectives on managerial behavior and leadership.(pp. 45-62). New York NY: Pergamon Press.
Rosenthal, R., & Jacobson, L. (1968). Pygmalion in the classroom. The Urban Review, 3(1), 16-20.
Rubenstein, A. L., Zhang, Y., Ma, K., Morrison, H. M., & Jorgensen, D. F. (2019). Trait expression through perceived job characteristics: A meta-analytic path model linking personality and job attitudes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 112, 141-157.
Ruh, R. A., White, J. K. & Wood, R. R. (1975). Job involvement, values, personal background, participation in decision making and job attitudes. Academy of Management Journal, 18, 300-312.
Robbins, S. P., Judge, T. A., & Vohra, N. (2013). Organizational behavior. New Delhi, ‎India: Pearson Education.
Reddin, W. J. (1970). Managerial Effectiveness. New York NY: McGraw-Hill.
Saleh, S. D., & Hosek, J. (1976). Job involvement: Concepts and measurements. Academy of management journal, 19(2), 213-224.
Sergiovanni, T. J. (1992). Moral leadership: Getting to the heart of school improvement. San Francisco, CA：Maxwell Macmillan International Publishing Group.
Soares, M. E., & Mosquera, P. (in press). Fostering work engagement: The role of the psychological contract. Journal of Business Research, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.01.003.
Sonnentag, S. (2003). Recovery, work engagement, and proactive behavior: A new look at the interface between non-work and work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 518-528.
Steffens, N. K., Fonseca, M. A., Ryan, M. K., Rink, F. A., .... Pieterse, A. N. (2018). How feedback about leadership potential impacts ambition, organizational commitment, and performance. The Leadership Quarterly, 29, 637-647.
Stogdill, R. M., & Coons, A. E. (Ed.). (1957). Leader behavior: Its description and measurement. Oxford, England: Ohio State Univer.
Super, D. E. (1953). A theory of vocational development. American Psychologist, 8(5), 185-190.
Super, D.E. (1970). Manual for the work values inventory. Boston, MA: Houghton Mimin.
Sutton, C. D., & Woodman, R.W. (1989). Pygmalion goes to work: The effects of supervisor expectations in retail setting. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 943-950.
Tannenbaum, R. (1966). The concept of organizational climate. Personnel Psychology, 27, 465-467.
Tead, O. (1935). The art of leadership. NY: Mcgraw-Hill Book Company.
Thackray, J. (2001). Feedback for real. Gallup Management Journal, 1, 1-5.
Ullman, J. B. (2001). Structural equation modeling. In B. G. Tabachnick & L. S. Fidell (Eds), Using multivariate statistics (pp 653- 771). Needham Heights, MA：Allyn & Bacon.
Vroom, V. H. (1964). Work and motivation. New York, NY: Wiley.
Wright, S. (1925). Corn and hog correlations. Washington,DC：U.S. Dept. of Agriculture
Yao, T., Qiu, Q., & Wei, Y. (2019). Retaining hotel employees as internal customers: Effect of organizational commitment on attitudinal and behavioral loyalty of employees. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 76, 1-8.
Yunker, G. W. (1990) Issues in the Management of Human Behavior: Analyses, Explorations, and Insights. Effective Organizational Leadership, 1, 1-42.
Yukl, G., Gordon, A., & Taber, T. (2002). A hierarchical taxonomy of leadership behavior: Integrating a half century of behavior research. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 9(1), 15-32.
Zhang, L., Cao, T., & Wang, Y. (2018). The mediation role of leadership styles in integrated project collaboration: An emotional intelligence perspective. International Journal of Project Management, 36, 317-330.
Zhu, D., Hodgkinson, L., & Wang, Q. (2019). Academic performance and financial forecasting performance: A survey study. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 20, 45-51.