簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 盛心渝
Sheng, Shin-Yu
論文名稱: 以社交機器人進行幼兒社會情緒學習對情緒智力與語文學習成效之影響
Using Social Robots to Teach Children with Social Emotional Learning for Exploring the Influence of Emotional intelligence and Language Learning Achievement
指導教授: 蕭顯勝
Hsiao, Hsien-Sheng
口試委員: 陳鴻仁
Chen, Hong-Ren
張志勇
Chang, Chih-yung
蕭顯勝
Hsiao, Hsien-Sheng
口試日期: 2021/10/27
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 科技應用與人力資源發展學系
Department of Technology Application and Human Resource Development
論文出版年: 2022
畢業學年度: 110
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 176
中文關鍵詞: 社交機器人新型冠狀肺炎(COVID-19)情緒智力社會情緒學習語文學習成效
英文關鍵詞: Social Robots, Social- Emotional Learning, COVID-19, Emotional Intelligent, Language Learning Achievement
研究方法: 實驗設計法準實驗設計法半結構式訪談法
DOI URL: http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202201581
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:233下載:0
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 情緒智力包含情緒覺察與辨識、情緒表達、情緒理解以及情緒調節,並會影響個體學習成效及人際關係表現,幼兒時多透過與社會建立正向且頻繁的互動習得,新型冠狀肺炎(COVID-19)的流行導致幼兒與同儕互動的機會被限制,並對情緒智力的培養影響極大。隨著社交機器人技術漸趨成熟,開始被用於幼兒教育之上,除了能有效提高語文學習成效,其互動力高的特色更適合擔任情緒教育之教學工具。而近年社會情緒學習模型也被用以促進幼兒的情緒智力,因此本研究旨在探討以社交機器人進行社會情緒學習對幼兒在情緒智力與語文學習成效之影響。
    本研究運用對話式閱讀策略於課程中,以繪本故事為背景,發展一套社交機器人社會情緒學習課程,課程主題包含生氣、擔心、人際關係及尊重友愛之四種培養人際關係技能。研究對象為13位幼兒園4至6歲幼兒,採前實驗研究法,研究結果發現:(1) 運用社交機器人進行社會情緒學習課程能部分提高幼兒情緒智力;(2) 運用社交機器人進行社會情緒學習課程能讓幼兒提高語文學習成效;(3) 幼兒對社交機器人社會情緒學習課程具有正向滿意度。

    Emotional intelligence includes Emotion-recognition, Emotion-understanding, Emotion-expression, and Emotion-regulation, and will affect individual learning effectiveness and performance of interpersonal relationships. It is often learned during early childhood through frequent positive interactions with peers and the social environment. The COVID-19 has restricted the opportunities for young children to interact with their peers and has a great impact on the development of young children’s emotional intelligence. In recent years, social robots have begun to be used in early childhood education. In addition to effectively improving the effectiveness of language learning, their interactive features are more suitable as teaching tools for emotional education. Furthermore, in various countries and regions, Social-emotional Learning models have also been used to promote children’s emotional intelligence. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to explore the impact of social-emotional learning with social robots on children’s emotional intelligence and language learning effectiveness.
    This study uses Dialogic-reading strategies in the curriculum and uses picture book stories as the background to develop a social robot social-emotional learning curriculum. The topics of the curriculum include anger, worry, interpersonal relationships, and respect and friendship to cultivate interpersonal skills. The subjects of the study were 13 kindergarten children aged 4-6. The pre-experimental research method was adopted. The results of the study found that: (1) Using social robots for social-emotional learning courses can partially improve children’s emotional intelligence; (2) Using social robots for social-emotional learning curriculum can improve the effectiveness of language learning for children; (3) Children have positive satisfaction with the social-emotional learning curriculum of social robots.

    第一章 緒 論 1 第一節 研究背景與動機 1 第二節 研究目的 7 第三節 待答問題 8 第四節 研究範圍與限制 9 第五節 研究程序 11 第六節 重要名詞釋義 13 第二章 文獻探討 17 第一節 社交機器人 17 第二節 情緒智力 22 第三節 社會情緒學習 25 第四節 對話式閱讀 31 第五節 文獻評析 33 第三章 研究方法 35 第一節 研究架構 35 第二節 研究對象 37 第三節 研究設計與實施 38 第四節 教學設計 41 第五節 研究工具 69 第六節 資料分析 72 第四章 研究結果與討論 75 第一節 社交機器人社會情緒學習對情緒智力之影響 75 第二節 語文學習成效之影響 113 第三節 社交機器人社會情緒學習滿意度 117 第五章 結論與建議 125 第一節 結論 125 第二節 建議 130 第三節 未來研究方向 133 參考文獻 135 一、中文部份 135 二、外文部份 137 附錄 149 附錄一 幼兒情緒發展量表 150 附錄二 課程學習單 153 附錄三 課程回饋單 158 附錄四 家長訪談與觀察紀錄單 162 附錄五 語文學習成效評量 164 附錄六 社交機器人滿意度問卷 175 附錄七 家長知情同意書 176

    一、中文部份
    王伯頎、劉育偉(2018)。校園霸凌事件之實證個案研究—以桃園某國小中、高年級導師視角為例。國防大學通識教育學報,8,37-53。
    李欣蓓、蘇育令(2013)。教師使用情緒繪本進行幼兒情緒教學之行動研究。輔仁民生學誌,19(2),53-69。
    施淑慎、曾瓊慧、蔡雅如(2007)。國小學童之成就目標、動機與情感中介歷程以及學業成就間路徑模式之檢驗。測驗學刊,54(1),31-57。
    教育部(2017)。幼兒園教保活動課程大綱。
    許芳菊(2009)。教出好情緒。親子天下,05,149-159。
    許雅清(2007)。幼兒情緒教育課程之行動研究。國立台南大學幼兒教育學系碩士論文。
    陳詩涵(2019)。AI 機器人輔助情緒繪本教學對幼兒情緒能力之影響。國立屏東大學幼兒教育學系碩士論文。
    翟敏如(2013)。對話式閱讀技巧應用於幼兒情緒繪本共讀之初探。課程與教學。16(4),209-237。
    蔡玉雯(2017)。運用對話式閱讀策略提升幼兒情緒理解與表達之行動研究。國立台中教育大學幼兒教育學系碩士論文。
    鄭瑞菁(1999)。幼兒文學。台北:心理。
    顏嘉辰、翟敏如(2016)。情緒言談共讀技巧介入訓練對幼兒情緒認知及情緒調節能力之影響。教育心理學報,48(1),113-132。

    二、外文部份
    Anderson, D. A., & Hamilton, M. (2005). Gender role stereotyping of parents in children’s picture books: The invisible father. Sex roles, 52(3-4), 145-151.
    Arnold, D. H., Lonigan, C. J., Whitehurst, G. J., & Epstein, J. N. (1994). Accelerating language development through picture book reading: replication and extension to a videotape training format. Journal of educational psychology, 86(2), 235.
    Bandura, A., and Walters, H. (1963). Social Learning and Personality Development. New York, NY: Holt Rinehart and Winston.
    Beazidou, E., Botsoglou, K., & Vlachou, M. (2013). Promoting emotional knowledge: strategies that Greek preschool teachers employ during book reading. Early Child Development and Care, 183(5), 613-626.
    Becraft, J. L., Borrero, J. C., Mendres-Smith, A. E., & Castillo, M. I. (2017). Decreasing excessive bids for attention in a simulated early education classroom. Journal of Behavioral Education, 26(4), 371-393.
    Belpaeme, T., Kennedy, J., Ramachandran, A., Scassellati, B., & Tanaka, F. (2018). Social robots for education: A review. Science Robotics, 3(21).
    Bloom, B. S. (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives: The classification of educational goals. Cognitive domain.
    Borrie, S. A., & Liss, J. M. (2014). Rhythm as a coordinating device: Entrainment with disordered speech. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 57(3), 815-824.
    Brannon, D., & Dauksas, L. (2012). Studying the Effect Dialogic Reading Has on Family Members' Verbal Interactions during Shared Reading. State Journal, 21(2), 9-20.
    Bronfenbrenner, U., & Morris, P. A. (1998). The ecology of developmental processes. In Handbook of child psychology: Theoretical models of human development, 5(1), 993–1028.
    Bunce, D. M., Flens, E. A., & Neiles, K. Y. (2010). How long can students pay attention in class? A study of student attention decline using clickers. Journal of Chemical Education, 87(12), 1438-1443.
    Burke, L. A., & Ray, R. (2008). Re-setting the concentration levels of students in higher education: an exploratory study. Teaching in Higher Education, 13(5), 571-582.
    Bus, A. G., Takacs, Z. K., & Kegel, C. A. (2015). Affordances and limitations of electronic storybooks for young children's emergent literacy. Developmental Review, 35, 79-97.
    Chaplin, T. M., & Aldao, A. (2013). Gender differences in emotion expression in children: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 139(4), 735–765.
    Chen, H., Park, H. W., & Breazeal, C. (2020). Teaching and learning with children: Impact of reciprocal peer learning with a social robot on children’s learning and emotive engagement. Computers & Education, 150, 103836.
    Cohen, J., Onunaku, N., Clothier, S., & Poppe, J. (2005). Helping young children succeed: Strategies to promote early childhood social and emotional development. Research and Policy Report). Washington, DC: National Conference of State Legislatures.
    Cole, P. M., Martin, S. E., & Dennis, T. A. (2004). Emotion regulation as a scientific construct: Methodological challenges and directions for child development research. Child Development, 75(2), 317-333.
    Cook, A., Spinazzola, J., Ford, J., Lanktree, C., Blaustein, M., Cloitre, M., ... & Mallah, K. (2017). Complex trauma in children and adolescents. Psychiatric Annals, 35(5), 390-398.
    Daunic, A., Corbett, N., Smith, S., Barnes, T., Santiago-Poventud, L., Chalfant, P., ... & Gleaton, J. (2013). Integrating social-emotional learning with literacy instruction—An intervention for children at risk for emotional and behavioral disorders. Behavioral Disorders, 39(1), 43-51.
    Dautenhahn, K. (2007). Socially intelligent robots: dimensions of human-robot interaction. Philosophical transactions of the royal society B: Biological Sciences, 362(1480), 679-704.
    Denervaud, S., Mumenthaler, C., Gentaz, E., & Sander, D. (2020). Emotion recognition development: Preliminary evidence for an effect of school pedagogical practices. Learning and Instruction, 69, 101353.
    Denham, S. A. (2006). Social-emotional competence as support for school readiness: What is it and how do we assess it?. Early Education and Development, 17(1), 57-89.
    Denham, S. A., Bassett, H. H., & Zinsser, K. (2012). Early childhood teachers as socializers of young children’s emotional competence. Early Childhood Education Journal, 40(3), 137-143.
    Denham, S. A., Bassett, H. H., Zinsser, K., & Wyatt, T. M. (2014). How preschoolers’ social-emotional learning predicts their early school success: Developing theory-promoting, competency-based assessments. Infant and Child Development, 23(4), 426–454.
    Denham, S. A., Blair, K. A., DeMulder, E., Levitas, J., Sawyer, K., Auerbach–Major, S., & Queenan, P. (2003). Preschool emotional competence: Pathway to social competence?. Child Development, 74(1), 238-256.
    Denham, S. A., Caverly, S., Schmidt, M., Blair, K., DeMulder, E., Caal, S., ... & Mason, T. (2002). Preschool understanding of emotions: Contributions to classroom anger and aggression. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 43(7), 901-916.
    Denham, S. A., McKinley, M., Couchoud, E. A., & Holt, R. (1990). Emotional and behavioral predictors of preschool peer ratings. Child Development, 61(4), 1145-1152.
    Dore, R. A., Hassinger-Das, B., Brezack, N., Valladares, T. L., Paller, A., Vu, L., ... & Hirsh-Pasek, K. (2018). The parent advantage in fostering children's e-book comprehension. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 44, 24-33.
    Eisenberg, N., & Spinrad, T. L. (2004). Emotion‐related regulation: Sharpening the definition. Child Development, 75(2), 334-339.
    Feil-Seifer, D., & Mataric, M. J. (2005). Defining socially assistive robotics. In 9th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics, 465-468.
    Feil-Seifer, D., & Matarić, M. J. (2011). Socially assistive robotics. IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine, 18(1), 24-31.
    Feil-Seifer, D., Haring, K. S., Rossi, S., Wagner, A. R., & Williams, T. (2020). Where to next? The impact of COVID-19 on human-robot interaction research. ACM New York, NY, USA.
    Fettig, A., Cook, A. L., Morizio, L., Gould, K., & Brodsky, L. (2018). Using dialogic reading strategies to promote social-emotional skills for young students: An exploratory case study in an after-school program. Journal of Early Childhood Research, 16(4), 436-448.
    Flynn, K. S. (2011). Developing children's oral language skills through dialogic reading: Guidelines for implementation. Teaching Exceptional Children, 44(2), 8-16.
    Fong, T., Nourbakhsh, I., & Dautenhahn, K. (2002). A Survey of Socially Interactive Robots: Concepts, Design, and Applications Terrence Fon. no. November.
    Gabbei, R., & Clemmens, H. (2005). Creative Movement from Children’s Storybooks: Going beyond Pantomime. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 76(9), 32–37.
    Garner, P. W. (2010). Emotional competence and its influences on teaching and learning. Educational Psychology Review, 22(3), 297-321.
    Glazer, J. I. (2000). Literature for young children(4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall/Merrill.
    Goagoses, N., Winschiers-Theophilus, H., & Chamunorwa, M. B. (2021). The (Potential) Role of Technology for Young Children’s Social-Emotional Learning: During and Beyond the COVID-19 Pandemic. Digital Government: Research and Practice, 2(1), 1–6.
    Gordon, G., Breazeal, C., & Engel, S. (2015). Can children catch curiosity from a social robot?. In Proceedings of the Tenth Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, 91-98.
    Gordon, G., Spaulding, S., Westlund, J. K., Lee, J. J., Plummer, L., Martinez, M., ... & Breazeal, C. (2016). Affective personalization of a social robot tutor for children's second language skills. In Proceedings of the Thirtieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 3951-3957.
    Greenspan, S. I., & Wieder, S. (2006). Engaging autism: Using the floortime approach to help children relate, communicate, and think. Da Capo Lifelong Books.
    Grolig, L., Cohrdes, C., Tiffin-Richards, S. P., & Schroeder, S. (2020). Narrative dialogic reading with wordless picture books: A cluster-randomized intervention study. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 51, 191-203.
    Grolnick, W. S., Bridges, L. J., & Connell, J. P. (1996). Emotion regulation in two‐year‐olds: Strategies and emotional expression in four contexts. Child Development, 67(3), 928-941.
    Guide, C. (2013). Effective social and emotional learning programs: Preschool and elementary school edition. available at: casel. org/preschool-and-elementary-edition-casel-guide.
    Halberstadt, A. G., Denham, S. A., & Dunsmore, J. C. (2001). Affective social competence. Social Development, 10(1), 79-119.
    Hegel, F., Muhl, C., Wrede, B., Hielscher-Fastabend, M., & Sagerer, G. (2009). Understanding social robots. In 2009 Second International Conferences on Advances in Computer-Human Interactions, 169-174.
    Hillis, J. M., Ernst, M. O., Banks, M. S., & Landy, M. S. (2002). Combining sensory information: mandatory fusion within, but not between, senses. Science, 298(5598), 1627-1630.
    Houck, B. D., & Ross, K. (2012). Dismantling the myth of learning to read and reading to learn. ASCD Express, 7(11). Retrieved from http://www.ascd.org/ascd-express/vol7/711-houck.aspx
    Hsiao, H. S., Chang, C. S., Lin, C. Y., & Hsu, H. L. (2015). “iRobiQ”: the influence of bidirectional interaction on kindergarteners’ reading motivation, literacy, and behavior. Interactive Learning Environments, 23(3), 269-292.
    Humphrey, N., Curran, A., Morris, E., Farrell, P., & Woods, K. (2007). Emotional Intelligence and Education: A critical review. Educational Psychology, 27(2), 235–254.
    Jensen, L. C., & Wells, M. G. (1979). Feelings: Helping children understand emotions. Brigham Young University Press.
    Jiao, W. Y., Wang, L. N., Liu, J., Fang, S. F., Jiao, F. Y., Pettoello-Mantovani, M., & Somekh, E. (2020). Behavioral and Emotional Disorders in Children during the COVID-19 Epidemic. The Journal of Pediatrics, 221, 264-266.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.03.013
    Jones, S. M., Brown, J. L., & Lawrence Aber, J. (2011). Two‐year impacts of a universal school‐based social‐emotional and literacy intervention: An experiment in translational developmental research. Child Development, 82(2), 533-554.
    Kanero, J., Geçkin, V., Oranç, C., Mamus, E., Küntay, A. C., & Göksun, T. (2018). Social robots for early language learning: Current evidence and future directions. Child Development Perspectives, 12(3), 146-151.
    Kanero, J., Geçkin, V., Oranç, C., Mamus, E., Küntay, A. C., & Göksun, T. (2018). Social Robots for Early Language Learning: Current Evidence and Future Directions. Child Development Perspectives, 12(3), 146–151.
    Kennedy, J., Baxter, P., & Belpaeme, T. (2015). Comparing robot embodiments in a guided discovery learning interaction with children. International Journal of Social Robotics, 7(2), 293-308.
    Kennedy, J., Baxter, P., & Belpaeme, T. (2017). Nonverbal immediacy as a characterization of social behavior for human-robot interaction. International Journal of Social Robotics, 9(1), 109-128.
    Kennedy, J., Baxter, P., Senft, E., & Belpaeme, T. (2016). Social robot tutoring for child second language learning. In 2016 11th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), 231-238.
    Klamer, T., & Allouch, S. B. (2010, March). Acceptance and use of a social robot by elderly users in a domestic environment. In 2010 4th International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare, 1-8.
    Kopp, C. B., & Neufeld, S. J. (2003). Emotional development during infancy.
    Kory Westlund, J. M., Jeong, S., Park, H. W., Ronfard, S., Adhikari, A., Harris, P. L., ... & Breazeal, C. L. (2017). Flat vs. expressive storytelling: young children’s learning and retention of a social robot’s narrative. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 11, 295.
    Kory Westlund, J. M., Jeong, S., Park, H. W., Ronfard, S., Adhikari, A., Harris, P. L., ... & Breazeal, C. L. (2017). Flat vs. expressive storytelling: young children’s learning and retention of a social robot’s narrative. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 11, 295.
    Kory, J., & Breazeal, C. (2014, August). Storytelling with robots: Learning companions for preschool children's language development. In The 23rd IEEE international symposium on robot and human interactive communication, 643-648.
    Lecce, S., Caputi, M., & Hughes, C. (2011). Does sensitivity to criticism mediate the relationship between theory of mind and academic achievement?. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 110(3), 313-331.
    Leitch, V. B., Cain, W. E., Finke, L. A., McGowan, J., Sharpley-Whiting, T. D., & Williams, J. J. (Eds.). (2018). The Norton Anthology of theory and criticism. WW Norton & Company.
    Leuner, B. (1966). Emotional intelligence and emancipation. A psychodynamic study on women. Praxis der kinderpsychologie und kinderpsychiatrie, 15(6), 196-203.
    Levitan, R., Benus, S., Gálvez, R. H., Gravano, A., Savoretti, F., Trnka, M., ... & Hirschberg, J. (2016). Implementing Acoustic-Prosodic Entrainment in a Conversational Avatar. In Interspeech, 1166-1170.
    Lindinger, W., Hansel, A., & Jordan, A. (1998). On-line monitoring of volatile organic compounds at pptv levels by means of proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) medical applications, food control and environmental research. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes, 173(3), 191-241.
    Loima, J. (2020). Socio-Educational Policies and COVID-19—A Case Study on Finland and Sweden in the Spring 2020. International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, 8(3), 59–75.
    Lysaker, J., & Tonge, C. (2013). Learning to understand others through relationally oriented reading. The Reading Teacher, 66(8), 632-641.
    Mayer, J. D., & Salovey, P. (1997). What is emotional intelligence. Emotional development and emotional intelligence: Educational implications, 3, 31.
    Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., Caruso, D. R., & Sitarenios, G. (2001). Emotional intelligence as a standard intelligence.
    McDowell, D. J., O'Neil, R., & Parke, R. D. (2000). Display rule application in a disappointing situation and children's emotional reactivity: Relations with social competence. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly (1982-), 306-324.
    Moerk, E. L. (1985). Picture-book reading by mothers and young children and its impact upon language development. Journal of Pragmatics, 9(4), 547-566.
    Nicolopoulou, A., Cortina, K. S., Ilgaz, H., Cates, C. B., & de Sá, A. B. (2015). Using a narrative-and play-based activity to promote low-income preschoolers’ oral language, emergent literacy, and social competence. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 31, 147-162.
    Pons, F., & Harris, P. (2005). Longitudinal change and longitudinal stability of individual differences in children's emotional understanding. Cognition & Emotion, 19(8), 1158-1174.
    Qiu, J., Shen, B., Zhao, M., Wang, Z., Xie, B., & Xu, Y. (2020). A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: Implications and policy recommendations. General Psychiatry, 33(2).
    Rubin, K. H., Bukowski, W. M., & Laursen, B. (2009). Social, emotional, and personality development in context. Handbook of peer interactions, relationships, and groups.
    Ryan, R. M., Fauth, R. C., Brooks-Gunn, J., Spodek, B., & Saracho, O. N. (2006). Handbook of research on the education of young children.
    Saarni, C. (1999). The development of emotional competence. Guilford Press.
    Sage, K. D., & Baldwin, D. (2010). Social gating and pedagogy: Mechanisms for learning and implications for robotics. Neural Networks, 23(8-9), 1091-1098.
    Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. D. (1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 9(3), 185-211.
    Scassellati, B., & Vázquez, M. (2020). The potential of socially assistive robots during infectious disease outbreaks. Science Robotics, 5(44).
    Serdyukov, P. (2017). Innovation in education: What works, what doesn’t, and what to do about it? Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching & Learning.
    Shukla-Mehta, S., Miller, T., & Callahan, K. J. (2010). Evaluating the effectiveness of video instruction on social and communication skills training for children with autism spectrum disorders: A review of the literature. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 25(1), 23-36.
    Tartaro, A., & Cassell, J. (2008). Playing with Virtual Peers. Bootstrapping Contingent Discourse in Children with Autism.
    Thompson, R. A. (1994). Emotion regulation: A theme in search of definition. Monographs of The Society for Research in Child Development, 25-52.
    Tung, F.-W. (2016). Child Perception of Humanoid Robot Appearance and Behavior. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 32(6), 493–502.
    Uluer, P., Kose, H., Landowska, A., Zorcec, T., Robins, B., & Barkana, D. E. (2021). Child-Robot Interaction Studies During COVID-19 Pandemic. arXiv preprint arXiv:2105.00215.
    Vandermaas-Peeler, M., Nelson, J., Bumpass, C., & Sassine, B. (2009). Social contexts of development: Parent-child interactions during reading and play. Journal of Early Childhood Literacy, 9(3), 295-317.
    Villano, M., Crowell, C. R., Wier, K., Tang, K., Thomas, B., Shea, N., ... & Diehl, J. J. (2011). DOMER: A Wizard of Oz interface for using interactive robots to scaffold social skills for children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. In 2011 6th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), 279-280).
    Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
    Weissberg, R. P., & O’Brien, M. U. (2004). What works in school-based social and emotional learning programs for positive youth development. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 591(1), 86-97.
    Westlund, J. M. K., Dickens, L., Jeong, S., Harris, P. L., DeSteno, D., & Breazeal, C. L. (2017). Children use non-verbal cues to learn new words from robots as well as people. International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction, 13, 1-9.
    Whalon, K., Martinez, J. R., Shannon, D., Butcher, C., & Hanline, M. F. (2015). The impact of reading to engage children with autism in language and learning (RECALL). Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 35(2), 102-115.
    Whitehurst, G. J., Falco, F. L., Lonigan, C. J., Fischel, J. E., DeBaryshe, B. D., Valdez-Menchaca, M. C., & Caulfield, M. (1988). Accelerating language development through picture book reading. Developmental Psychology, 24(4), 552.
    Wintre, M. G., & Vallance, D. D. (1994). A developmental sequence in the comprehension of emotions: Intensity, multiple emotions, and valence. Developmental Psychology, 30(4), 509.
    Zhu, N. (2016, May). Applications and Influence of Intelligent Robot in Education. In 2016 International Conference on Computer and Information Technology Applications. Atlantis Press.

    無法下載圖示 電子全文延後公開
    2027/09/02
    QR CODE